EL HOCKEY SOBRE HIELO INTRODUCCIÓN

EL HOCKEY
SOBRE HIELO
INTRODUCCIÓN
Probablemente, si eres español, nunca hayas jugado al hockey sobre hielo, puede que ni siquiera hayas visto
un solo partido y que no conozcas lo apasionante que es este deporte y cuáles son sus reglas. El hockey sobre
hielo, según lo definen las enciclopedias, es la modalidad más rapida, espectacular y a veces peligrosa (sobre
todo en el terreno profesional) de las tres habituales que se practican en el mundo. Popularizado en Canadá, es
el deporte colectivo por excelencia en los Juegos olimpicos de invierno desde 1920. La vertiginosidad del
juego y el esfuerzo a que obliga a los jugadores, provoca cambios constantes. Los arbitros conceden bastante
libertad a los jugadores, y muchos choques estan permitidos. Pero sancionan con rigor las faltas.
Vertiginosidad, concentración, rapidez de reflejos, lucha, coraje, conciencia de equipo... son las caracteristicas
esenciales de este deporte. Quizás con todo lo dicho hasta aquí ya estés pensando que este puede ser tu
deporte favorito.
HISTORIA
El hockey sobre hielo,probablemente deriva del bandy, un deporte que se desarrolló en Inglaterra a finales del
siglo XVIII y que ahora sólo se practica en los Países Bálticos, Suecia, Rusia y el resto de países derivados de
la antigua Unión de Repúblicas Socialistas Soviéticas (URSS). El hockey sobre hielo moderno lo inventaron
en 1853 o en 1860 los soldados ingleses destinados en Canadá. Las reglas las establecieron los estudiantes de
la McGill University, en Montreal, Quebec, en 1879, y para finales de la década de 1880 había ya establecidos
en Canadá varios equipos o clubes y ligas. Se cree que este deporte se jugó por primera vez en Estados Unidos
en 1893. A comienzos del siglo XX el juego se había extendido a Europa. Hoy el hockey sobre hielo se
practica en más de 30 países, sobre todo en Estados Unidos, Escandinavia y la antigua URSS. Es el deporte
nacional de Canadá.
EL HOCKEY
Juego lleno de acciones de gran dureza, el hockey sobre hielo está considerado como uno de los deportes más
rápidos.
LA PISTA
Se juega sobre hielo natural o artificial en una pista con unas dimensiones estándar de 61 m por 25,5 m con
los ángulos rematados. La pista está rodeada por una valla de unos 1,22 m de alto. Dos porterías de 1,22 m de
alto por 1,83 m de ancho están situadas en los extremos de la pista a no más de 4,57 m de los límites de la
misma. La zona de juego está dividida por dos líneas azules en tres áreas iguales. Una línea roja divide la pista
por la mitad. La zona más cercana a la portería de un equipo es la zona de defensa, la zona central se llama
zona neutral y la zona más alejada de la portería es la zona de ataque. La pista tiene cinco círculos de
enfrentamiento, cada uno con un radio de 4,6 m, uno en el centro y dos en cada zona de defensa.
EL EQUIPAMIENTO
Cada equipo consta de un máximo de seis jugadores por tiempo: un central, dos atacantes, dos defensas y un
portero. Cada jugador lleva un palo (stick) metálico o de madera (por lo general de fresno u olmo), de una
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longitud no superior a 152 cm con una pala de 7,6 cm de ancho y 32 cm de largo como máximo. Los
jugadores llevan protectores acolchados debajo de la ropa y guantes rígidos en las manos; los cascos son
opcionales en el hockey profesional. Los porteros pueden llevar sticks más anchos y protectores adicionales,
entre los que se incluye una máscara metálica para la cara. Los patines de hockey sobre hielo son diferentes de
los que se usan en otras modalidades de patinaje sobre hielo. La cuchilla es más delgada y corta, con el
extremo delantero plano y la bota es más baja y dura.
EL JUEGO
Se consigue un gol cuando el puck o tejo, un disco duro de goma vulcanizada de 2,5 cm de grosor y 7,6 cm de
diámetro, se introduce en la portería de los rivales.
El juego comienza con un saque neutral cuando el árbitro lanza el disco a la pista entre los dos centrales
rivales. Si un jugador se mete en la zona de ataque antes de que lo haga el puck se produce un fuera de juego o
fuera de lugar y se decreta un saque neutral en el punto más cercano a donde se produjo la infracción. La
forma principal de defensa es cargar: un jugador atacante es empujado o golpeado por un defensor de tal
manera que pierda el control del puck. Las sustituciones de jugadores durante el juego son frecuentes.
El juego se divide en tres periodos de veinte minutos, con cambio de campo al final de cada periodo. Según
las reglas internacionales, si al concluir los tres periodos reglamentarios el resultado es un empate, se juegan
diez minutos de tiempo extra, durante los cuales el juego finalizará inmediatamente después de anotar un gol;
si transcurrido el tiempo extra el partido sigue empatado, se concederá el empate como resultado final.
LAS FALTAS
Se producen faltas por sujetar, empujar, trabar con el stick, desarrollar agresividad innecesaria o pegarse. El
infractor es enviado al banquillo de las faltas por un tiempo de dos minutos si la infracción es leve; y allí
permanecerá durante cinco minutos si la infracción es grave. Los equipos no pueden sustituir a los jugadores
penalizados, excepto en las faltas de conducta, que están penalizadas con diez minutos y se producen por
discusiones o juego sucio. Ningún equipo puede tener una desventaja superior a dos jugadores al mismo
tiempo. Cuando un equipo tiene una ventaja de uno o dos jugadores se dice que está en superioridad. Las
reglas internacionales, administradas por la Federación Internacional de Hockey sobre Hielo (fundada en
1908), determinan que el juego esté controlado por dos árbitros.
Términos Importantes
Estan extraidos de un documento en ingles, no he sabido realmente como traducir la mayoria de los terminos,
luego he preferido dejarlos tal y como estan, para que por traducirlos mal se malinterpretara el significado.
Any physical interaction between two or more opposing players that
results in a penalty
An assist is credited to a player who helps set up a goal. Assists are
Assist
awarded to the last man to handle the puck immediately preceding the
goals. There is a maximum of two assists per goal
When you are on the attack, your attacking zone is between your
Attacking Zone
opponent's blue line and the goal line
Forwards in their offensive zone skate back quickly to their own
Back Check
defensive zone to protect their goal and keep the opponent from
shooting
Altercation
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Blocker
A goalie's glove that goes on the hand that holds the stick
Two lines running across the width of the rink, one on either side of
Blue Line
the red line. The area between the blue lines is called the neutral zone.
Violently checking an opponent into the boards from behind.
Boarding
Boarding is illegal and merits a penalty
The walls around a hockey rink which are made of fiberglass
Boards
measuring about 42 inches high and topped off by synthetic glass to
protect the spectators while giving them a good view of the action.
A body check is where you use your body against an opponent who
has possession of the puck. Legal body checking must be done only
Body Check
with the hips or shoulders and must be above the opponent's knees
and below the neck. Unnecessarily rough body checking is penalized.
A defensive alignment often used by a team defending against a
Box
power play
A player in control of the puck has a breakaway when the only
Breakaway
opponent between him and opposition's goal is the goalie.
The play used by the attacking team to move the puck out of it;s own
Breakout
zone and up the ice toward the opponent's goal.
The goalies glove which looks like a fancy baseball catcher's mitt,
Catcher
that goes on the non−stick hand.
In a traditional alignment with three forwards, the center plays
Center
between the left and right wings.
Changing on
When players from the bench substitute for players on the ice, while
the fly
the clock is running.
Taking more than three strides before deliberately checking an
Charging
opponent.
Clearing the
When the puck is passed, knocked, or shot away from the front of the
Puck
goal net or other areas.
The semi−circular area in front of each goal is called the crease. If
any offensive player is in the goal crease when a goal is scored, the
goal is not allowed. The crease is painted blue on the ice.The goal
Crease
crease is designed to protect the goalies from interference by
attacking players. The area marked on the ice in front of the penalty
timekeeper's seat is for the use of the referee.
Hitting an opponent with the shaft of the stick while both hands are
Cross Checking
on the stick and no part of the stick is on the ice.
When the other team is on the attack, the defending zone is the are a
Defending Zone
between your goal line and your blue line.
Two defensemen usually try to stop the opponent's play at their own
blue line. The defensemen block shots and also clear the puck from in
front of their goal. Offensively, defensemen take the puck up the ice
Defensemen
or pass the puck ahead to the forwards; they then follow the play into
the attacking zone and help keep it there.
A deke is a fake by a player in possession of the puck in order to get
around the opponent or to make a goalie move out of position. To
Deke
deke, you move the puck or apart of your body to one side and then in
the opposite direction. ("Deke" is taken from "decoy")
Delay of game This is called when a player purposely delays the game. Delay of
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game is commonly called when a goalies shoots the puck into the
stands with the puck deflecting off a skater or the glass. Delay of
game also occurs when a player intentionally knocks goalpost out of
its stand (usually in an attempt to prevent a goal from being scored).
In this situation, an attacking player has preceded the puck into the
Delayed
offensive zone (normally a case for off−side), but the defending team
off−side
has gained possession of the puck and can bring it out of their
defensive zone without any delay or contact with an opposing player.
A defensive alignment often used by a team defending against a
Diamond
power play.
Dig
An attempt to gain possession of the puck in the corners of the rink.
Directing the
Changing the course of the puck in a desired direction by using the
Puck
body, skate, or stick
When a player exaggerates being hooked or tripped in an attempt to
Dive
draw a penalty
Elbowing
Using the elbow to impede or disrupt the opponent.
A goal scored against an opponent that has pulled the goalie from the
Empty net goal
crease to add an extra attacker.
The action of an official dropping the puck between the sticks of two
Face−off
opposing players to start play.
When a player throws a punch (closed fist) and makes contact with an
Fisticuffs
opponent.
Five−hole
The area in the opening between a goalie's leg pads.
Flat pass
A pass where the puck remains on the surface of the ice.
Hockey sticks come in different degrees of flex − medium, stiff, and
Flex
extra stiff. A stronger player, who hits more powerful shots, usually
wants a stiffer stick.
A pass where the puck is lifted so that it goes over an opponent or his
Flip Pass
stick.
Forwards forecheck by hurrying into the opponent's defensive zone to
Forecheck
either keep the puck there or take it away.
Forward
The center and wings are traditionally considered to be the forwards.
A player freezes the puck by holding it against the boards with the
stick or skates. A goalie freezes the puck (when the opposition is
Freezing the
threatening to score) by either holding the puck in the glove or
puck
trapping it on the ice. Note A delay of game penalty can be called if
the goalie freezes the puck when the opposition is not threatening.
"G"
An abbreviation for "goals"
Game
When a player, coach, or manager receives a game suspension, that
suspension
person can't participate in the next scheduled game.
A goal is achieved when the entire puck crosses the goal line and
enters the net. You can't deliberately kick it in or bat at it with a
Goal
glove, although a goal is counted when a puck deflects off a player
(but not off an official). A goal is worth one point.
A goal judge sits behind each goal (off−ice) and signals when the
puck has crossed the red goal line by turning on a red light above his
Goal Judge
station. The referee can ask the goal judge's advice on disputed goals,
but the referee has final authority and can overrule the goal judge.
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The goaltender's main job is to keep the puck from entering the goal
net. The goaltender is also known as the goalie, the goal keeper, or
the netminder.
"GP"
An abbreviation for "games played"
Hat trick
A player who scores three goals in one game achieves a "hat trick".
Using the head while delivering a body check (head first) in the chest,
Head butting
head, neck, or back area; or using the head to strike an opponent.
The point where the shaft of ht stick and the bottom of the blade
Heel of the stick
meet.
High sticking
Carrying the stick above the shoulder to use against the opponent.
Using your hands on an opponent or the opponent's equipment to
Holding
impede your opponent's progress.
Applying the blade of the stick to any part of an opponent's body or
Hooking
stick and pulling or tugging with the stick in order to disrupt that
opponent.
An infraction called when a player shoots the puck from his side of
the red line across the opponent's goal line. Play is stopped when an
Icing
opponent (other than the goalie) touches the puck. The face−off is
held in the offending team's end of the ice. A team that is
short−handed can ice the puck without being penalized.
Injury potential penalties include checking from behind, head butting,
spearing, board checking, charging, cross checking,
Injury potential elbowing.kneeling, high sticking, hold the face mask, slashing and
roughing. A linesman may report these infractions occurring behind
penalties
the play to the referee (following the next stoppage of play) if the
referee did not see them.
Making body contact with an opponent who does not have possession
Interference
of the puck. Interference is also called when a player is standing in
the crease or otherwise make contact with the goaltender.
Kneeing
Using the knee in an effort to impede or foul and opponent.
Two linesmen are used to call offside, offside passes, icing and
handle all face−offs not occurring at center ice. Although they don't
Linesman
call penalties, they can recommend to the referee that a penalty be
called.
The central ice area between the two blue lines (neither defending nor
Neutral zone
the attacking zone).
These officials include the official scorer, game timekeeper, penalty
Off−ice (minor)
timekeeper, and the two goal judges. The referee has full control of
official
all game officials and final decision.
A team is offside when a player crosses the attacking blue line before
the puck does. A face−off then takes place just outside that blue line
(in the offending player's defensive zone). The determining factor in
Offside
most offside situations is the position of the skates Both skates must
be completely over the blue line ahead of the puck for the play to be
offside.
Offside pass
An offside pass (also known as a "two−line pass) occurs when a
member of the attacking team passes the puck from behind his own
defending blue line to a teammate across the center red line. If the
puck precedes the player across the red line, the pass is legal. Also, an
Goaltender
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attacking player may pass the puck over the center red line and the
attacking blue line to a teammate if the puck precedes that teammate
across the blue line. The face−off after an offside pass takes place at
the spot where the pass originated.
Shooting the puck immediately upon receiving it without stopping it
One−timer
first. A one−timer is an effective way to beat the goalie before he can
slide from one side of the crease to another.
A penalty is the result of an infraction of the rules by a player of team
official. A penalty usually results in the removal of the offending
Penalty
player (or team official) for a specified period of time. In some cases,
the penalty maybe the awarding of a penalty shot on goal or the actual
awarding of a goal.
When a team is shorthanded and attempts to prevent the opposition
Penalty killing
from scoring, this activity is known as "penalty killing.
Penalty−killing The group of players brought in by a shorthanded team in order to
unit
defend against a power play.
A penalty shot is awarded to an offensive player who − on a
breakaway− is illegally checked or impeded. The puck is placed at
Penalty shot
the center face−off spot, and the player has a free try at the opposing
goal with no other defenders on the ice besides the goalie.
An abbreviation for "penalties in minutes" (penalty minutes
"PIM"
accumulated).
The point is the area just inside the opposition's blue line close to the
boards on either side of the rink. A defenseman usually occupies the
Point
area when his team is in control of the puck in the opposition's
defensive zone.
Trying to knock the puck away from an opponent by stabbing at it
Poke check
with the blade of the stick.
The last player or goalie to make contact with the puck is the one who
Possession of
has possession. This definition includes a puck that is deflected off a
the puck
player of any part of his equipment.
When a team has more players on the ice than the opposition due to
Power play
one or more penalties against the opposing team.
"Pts."
An abbreviation for "total points".
A team that is losing will sometimes take their own goalie off the ice
Pulling of a
and use another forward This situation occurs most frequently near
goalie
the end of the game when a team is behind and needs some
emergency offense.
The line that divides the rink into two equal parts. This area is center
Red line
ice.
The referee supervises the game, calls the penalties, determines if
goals are scored, and handles face−off's at center ice at the start of
Referee
each period and after goals. The referees has the final decision over
all of the officials.
Roughing
Engaging in fisticuffs (fighting) or shoving.
A shot blocked by the goalie − a shot that otherwise would have gone
Save
into the net!
Shadow
When a player covers an opponent one−on−one everywhere on the
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ice in order to limit the effectiveness of this opponent.
A shorthanded team is below the numerical strength of it's opponents
on the ice. When a goal is scored against a shorthanded team, the
Shorthanded
penalty that caused the team scored against to be shorthanded is
terminated, and both teams are again at equal strength.
A slap shot occurs when the player swings the stick back and then
Slap shot
quickly forward, slapping the puck ahead with a forehand shot.
When a player swings the stick at a n opponent. Slashing merits a
Slashing
penalty, whether contact is made or not. Tapping an opponent's stick
is not slashing.
The prime scoring area up the middle of the ice, between the face−off
Slot
circles. When you "clear the slot", you shove an opposing player out
of the area in front of your goal.
Smothering the When a goalie or other players fall on the puck. Smothering is legal
puck
when done by the goalie or accidentally by another player.
A player who is a pure goal scorer and who doesn't hit other players
Sniper
or the boards all that much.
Poking or attempting to poke an opponent with the tip of the blade of
Spearing
the stick while holding the stick with one or both hands.
Splitting the
When a player in possession of the puck goes between two opposing
defense
defender while attacking.
Using the stick or its blade to poke or strike an opponent's stick or
Stick checking
puck in an attempt get possession of the puck.
Stickhandeling A term for carrying the puck along the ice with the stick.
Sweater
A term used to designate a hockey jersey.
Using the entire length of the stick with a sweeping motion along the
surface of the ice in order to dislodge the puck from an opponent. A
Sweep check
team that is shorthanded on a power play often employs a sweep
check.
A person responsible for the operation of a team, such as a coach,
Team official
manager or trainer.
Traps are defensive formations designed to minimize the opposition's
scoring opportunities and keep it's offense from functioning. The idea
Trap
is to trap the puck in the neutral zone, halting the opponents and
regaining control of the puck.
Tripping
Using a stick, arm, or leg to cause an opponent to trip or fall.
Just as in basketball or football, you can make a turnover in hockey
Turnover
by losing control of the puck to the opposing team.
Two−line pass An offside pass (that actually crosses two lines).
The left wing and the right wing (also known as forwards) move up
and down the sides of the fink. Offensively, they skate on each side of
Wings
the center, exchanging passes with him, while trying themselves for a
shot on goal and/or a rebound of a shot from the point. Defensively,
they watch the opponent's wings.
A wrist shot is used to shoot the puck off the blade of the stick with a
Wrist shot
flicking motion of the wrist.
Zamboni
The vehicle used to prepare the rink's ice surface before the game,
and after each period. The Zamboni scrapes a thin layer off the ice,
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heats the ice, and puts down a fresh layer of heated water that freezes
to form a new layer of ice.
¿DONDE PUEDES PRACTICAR HOCKEY HIELO EN ESPAÑA ?
·MADRID:
Boadilla .... 91−6331100
Leganés .... 91−6871111
Majadahonda .... 91−6386655
Pronto en Hortaleza
·CATALUÑA:
Barcelona
Vielha
Puigcerda .... 972−880243
·
PAIS VASCO:
San Sebastián
Vitoria .... 945−284284
·ARAGON:
Jaca .... 974−355174
LA LIGA ESPAÑOLA
Todos los resultados de la primera división española podras encontrarlos aquí a lo largo de la liga.
Majadahonda 3 Jaca 4
Vitoria 2 Barcelona 6
Puigcerdá 4 Txuri Urdin 4
Pugcerdá 2 Jaca 2
Barcelona 4 Majadahonda 4
Vitoria 1 Txuri Urdiñ 11
Majadahonda 2 Puigcerda 4
Vitoria 1 Jaca 16
Barcelona 2 Txuri Urdiñ 6
Jaca 6 Barcelona 5
Puigcerdá 13 Vitoria 2
Majadahonda 7 Txuri Urdiñ 5
Barcelona 4 Puigcerdá 4
Txuri Urdiñ − Jaca
Vitoria − Majadahonda
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PERSONAJE IMPORTANTE
Wayne Gretsky
Wayne Gretsky se retiró del Hockey sobre hielo profesional el pasado 18 de abril de 1999 al terminar el
partido entre los Rangers de Nueva York (su último equipo) y los Pinguinos de Pittsburgh. El Sr. Gretsky
nació en Brantford , Ontario en 1961y tuvo una carrera de veinte años en la National Hockey League. Para
ustedes que no conocen el juego muy bien, Gretsky en Hockey es el equivalente a Michael Jordan en
Baloncesto, Pelé en Soccer, Ali en Boxeo, Yamashita en Judo; el mejor jugador de Hockey sobre hielo en la
historia del juego:
1487 partidos
894 goles
1963 asistencias
2857 puntos
Hart Trophy (mejor jugador) − 9 veces
Art Ross Trophy (lider goleador) − 10 veces
All Star Team − 9 veces
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