AUTOR Miguel Baños González Universidad Rey Juan Carlos 3,1&#59=-/()J&'E.9#) INVESTIGACIÓN RECIBIDO 26 de enero de 2009 ACEPTADO 21 de abril de 2009 PÁGINAS De la ISSN: 1885-365X El humor como factor de creatividad en la publicidad televisiva The humor as a creativity factor in tv advertising El objetivo de esta investigación es comprobar si el humor es una variable realmente importante de la creatividad publicitaria en el medio televisión. Y para comprobarlo se diseña un experimento en el que se compara el humor con otras fórmulas frecuentemente utilizadas en publicidad. !"# $%&"'()(*"*# *&# +,-# .&/-"0&-# 123+($('"%(,-# %&"+(4"*,-# &-1&$56$".&/'&# 1"%"# &+# &71&%(.&/',8# &-# evaluada por un grupo de expertos que valoran una serie de factores característicos de la creativi­ *"*#9&/&%"+8#02/',#"#,'%,-#&-1&$56$,-#*&#+"#"$'()(*"*#123+($('"%("#:2/*".&/'"+&-#1"%"#+"#$%&"'()(*"*# en el ámbito de la comunicación comercial. 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Investigación experimental P?E?F#D@QK@H!JM F/-$*('3-$7#$.5-),4.-'$5-)$0-',-=5#)$#)$#/$7#%#/7,#/+#)$#$,/7#%#/7,#/+#)9$Y-)$%',3#'-)$)(/$ 5-)$0-',-=5#)$H&#$%'#+#/7#3()$#;%5,.-'$#/$/&#)+'-$,/0#)+,1-.,A/<$.-'-.+#'W)+,.-)$7#$5-$'#-5,­ 7-7$H&#$#)+B/$7#+#'3,/-7-)$($7#%#/7#/$7#5$0-5('$H&#$+(3#/$(+'()$*#/A3#/()$H&#$)(/$5-)$ 0-',-=5#)$,/7#%#/7,#/+#)9 @/$/&#)+'-$,/0#)+,1-.,A/<$+#/#3()T$ MQ$8-',-=5#$,/7#%#/7,#/+#9 Y-$/-+&'-5#C-$7#5$#)+W3&5($H&#$0,#/#$7-7-$%('$5()$7,*#'#/+#)$1I/#'()$%&=5,.,+-',()$#3%5#-­ 7()$#/$5-$,/0#)+,1-.,A/T$7#3()+'-.,A/<$7'-3-+,C-.,A/<$"&3('$6$%'(=5#3-[)(5&.,A/9 _Q$8-',-=5#$7#%#/7,#/+#9 >(3($0-',-=5#$7#%#/7,#/+#$+#/#3()$5-$.'#-+,0,7-7$#/$)&)$7,*#'#/+#)$*-.+('#)T$-7#.&-.,A/<$ .("#'#/.,-$ ,/+#'/-<$ #5-=('-.,A/<$ (',1,/-5,7-7<$ #)+I+,.-<$ %#'.#%.,A/$ 15(=-5$ 7#$ 5-$ .'#-+,0,7-7<$ (%-.,7-7$6$.-5,7-7$+I./,.-9 P?P?F#<GRKUK<@<KLV >(/$5-$.(7,4.-.,A/$+'-7&.,3()$5()$'#)&5+-7()$7#$5-$%'&#=-$-$,/7,.-7('#)$/&3I',.()$3#7,-/+#$ 5-$0-5('-.,A/$7#$5()$-/&/.,()$#5-=('-7()$%('$.-7-$1'&%($+#/,#/7($#/$.&#/+-$&/-$)#',#$7#$ .',+#',()<$5-$3-6('W-$7#$#55()$6-$&+,5,C-7()$#/$,/0#)+,1-.,(/#)$7#$.'#-+,0,7-7$LZ-3-3(+(<$MNgPG$ b#)'(),#')<$MNdOG$j&,5*('7<$MNdg<$MNddG$j-'.W-$j-'.W-<$MNOPG$:''(6(<$_ffgQ9 U-'-$/&#)+'-$,/0#)+,1-.,A/<$&+,5,C-3()$),#+#$.',+#',()$7,*#'#/+#)$'#5-.,(/-7()$.(/$5-$.'#-+,0,­ 7-7<$6$&/($3B)$H&#$"-.#$'#*#'#/.,-$-$5-$0-5('-.,A/$H&#$"-.#/$5()$E&#.#)$7#5$-.-=-7($($.-5,­ 7-7$+I./,.-$7#$5-$3-H&#+-<$5($H&#$/()$%#'3,+,'B$.(3%'(=-'$),$#)+-$.-5,7-7$7#5$+'-=-E($,/k&6#$ #/$5-$0-5('-.,A/$7#$5-$.'#-+,0,7-79 El humor como factor de creatividad en la publicidad televisiva por Miguel Baños González INVESTIGACIONES * FIGURA 1 Weilbacher (1979) Ogilvy (1999) Bassat (1993) Navarro (2006) Tratamientos Tipos Caminos jI/#'() b#3()+'-.,(/#) b'-3-+,C-.,A/ ]&3(' b#.5-'-.,A/$ 7,'#.+!,+&5-'$ interrogativo U&=5,.,7-7$ comparativa Still life :/-5(1WU'#)#/+-7(' !#)+,3(/,-5 ^/+#'I)$%'#)+-7( ],%I'=(5# b#3()+'-.,(/#) @).#/-)$0,7-$ '#-5 h(5&.,A/$ %'(=5#3]&3(' !#)+,3(/,-5#) >-=#C-)$ %-'5-/+#) U#')(/-E#) X-C(/#) e(+,.,-) @3(.,A/ !#)+,3(/,-5$ famosos b,=&E()$ -/,3-7() l&),.-5#) b#3()+'-.,A/ !'(C()$7#$0,7U'(=5#3-[ )(5&.,A/ Y-$.(3%-'-.,A/ Y-$-/-5(1WhW3=(5($0,)&-5 U'#)#/+-7(' !#)+,3(/,-5 !'(C()$7#$.,/# lD),.- b#3()+'-.,A/ @)+,5($7#$0,7:/+#)[7#)%&I) ]&3('W)+,.( >#5#=',7-7 l#+-*A',.( ],%#'=A',.( U'#)#/+-7(' !#)+,3(/,-5#) @+92/"-# $+"-(6$"$(,/&-# *&# "/2/$(,-# 123+($('"%(,-# *&-"%%,++"*"-# 1,%# *(:&%&/'&-# autores MQ$:7#.&-.,A/T$#)+#$.',+#',($#)$*&/7-3#/+-5$#/$5-$.'#-.,A/$%&=5,.,+-',-$%-'-$H&#$&/-$,7#-$ -0-/.#$#/$#5$.-3,/($7#$5-$'#-5,C-.,A/9$>(3($3-/+,#/#$F53-//$LMNd_Q<$5-$,7#-$"-$7#$)#'$ -7#.&-7-$-5$),)+#3-$%'(=5#3-+,C-7(<$+#/#'$)#/+,7($7#/+'($7#$5-$),+&-.,A/$.(''#)%(/7,#/+#$ 6$)-+,)*-.#'$5-)$#;,1#/.,-)$%5-/+#-7-)9$h#$+'-+-$7#$.(3%'(=-'$),$#)-$,7#-$)#5#..,(/-7-$#)$ D+,5$%-'-$#5$%'(=5#3-$.(/.'#+($7#$.(3&/,.-.,A/$H&#$/()$%5-/+#-$#5$(%#'-7('$7#$+#5#*(/W-9$ b#$0-5('-'$),<$7#$-.&#'7($.(/$5-$,/*('3-.,A/$-%('+-7-$-$.-7-$1'&%($#/$#5$=',#4/1<$#)-$,7#-$ #)$-7#.&-7-$($/($5($#)9 _Q$ K',1,/-5,7-7T$ 7#+#'3,/-'$ ),$ 5-$ ,7#-$ +,#/#$ .-%-.,7-7$ %-'-$ 55-3-'$ 5-$ -+#/.,A/$ 6$ ),$ )#$ .(/),7#'-$H&#$#)$&/-$,7#-$/(0#7()-9$h(/$7()$-)%#.+()$7,*#'#/+#)$6-$H&#$#5$)#1&/7($)#$ '#4#'#$-$5-$-%-',.,A/$7#$5-$,7#-$#/$7,*#'#/+#)$1'&%()G$3,#/+'-)$H&#$#5$%',3#'($)#$.#/+'-$ #)%#.,-53#/+#$#)$5-$.-%-.,7-7$7#$5-$,7#-$%-'-$)('%'#/7#'9$@/$.&-5H&,#'$.-)(<$5-$(',1,/-5,­ 7-7$#)$&/$.(/.#%+($7,'#.+-3#/+#$-)(.,-7($-$5-$.'#-+,0,7-7$#/$1#/#'-5$6$5-$%&=5,.,+-',-$#/$ %-'+,.&5-'$L:5+)#."<$MNNgQ9 `Q$>("#'#/.,-$,/+#'/-T$0-5('-'$),$#/$5-$3-H&#+-$)#$-'3(/,C-/$5()$#5#3#/+()$H&#$-%-'#­ .#/$*('3-/7($&/$+(7($7(+-7($7#$)#/+,7(9$e($)#$+'-+-$7#$&/-$.("#'#/.,-$5,/#-5$6$5A1,.-G$5-$ %&=5,.,7-7<$-$0#.#)<$%('$)&$(=E#+,0($7#$.-%+-'$5-$-+#/.,A/<$%&#7#$+#/#'$.-3=,()$#)+'&.+&'-­ 5#)$H&#$'(3%#/$#5$('7#/$R/('3-5S$%('$5($H&#$-H&W$)#$-%'(;,3-$-$5-$,7#-$7#$)#/+,7(<$7(/7#$ Revista Comunicación y Hombre ∙ Número 5 ∙ Año 2009 7 8 INVESTIGACIONES 5-$.("#'#/.,-$/($+,#/#$#/$.&#/+-$)(5-3#/+#$5($H&#$)#$7,.#$#/$5-$3-H&#+-$),/($+-3=,I/$5($ H&#$#5$'#.#%+('$+,#/#$-53-.#/-7($#/$)&$3#3(',-9$@)$7#.,'<$)#$+'-+-$7#$0-5('-'$),$5-$3-H&#+-$ 7,.#$'#-53#/+#$5($H&#$#/$%',/.,%,($)#$H&,#'#$7#.,'$.(/$5-$.-3%-i-9 PQ$@5-=('-.,A/T$)#$'#4#'#$-$5-$.-/+,7-7$7#$7#+-55#)$H&#$)#$-%('+-/$.(/$5-)$,7#-)$%'(7&.,­ 7-)9$@)$#5$%#'*#..,(/-3,#/+($7#$5-$,7#-$'#-5,C-/7($&/$7#)-''(55($%'#.,)(9 @)+I+,.-T$%-'-$:''(6($L_ffgQ$)#$+'-+-$7#$0-5('-'$),$#5$-/&/.,($#)$=#55($($#5#1-/+#$%('$)&)$ *('3-)<$%('$5-$",)+(',-<$%('$#5$3(0,3,#/+($7#$5()$%#')(/-E#)$H&#$-%-'#.#/<$%('$5()$.(5('#)$ H&#$)#$&+,5,C-/<$#+.9 mQ$K%-.,7-7a.5-',7-7T$8-5('-'$),$5-$,7#-$#;%'#)-$7#$&/-$*('3-$.5-'-$($#0,7#/+#$5($H&#$)#$ "-$)(5,.,+-7($#/$#5$=',#4/1$($5($"-.#$7#$&/-$*('3-$7,*W.,53#/+#$.(3%'#/),=5#9$@/$#)+#$.-)(<$ 5-$%&/+&-.,A/$3B)$-5+-$.(''#)%(/7#$-$5-)$,7#-)$3B)$#0,7#/+#)9$ gQ$ U#'.#%.,A/$ 15(=-5$ 7#$ .'#-+,0,7-7T$ .(/$ #)+#$ *-.+('$ 5()$ E&#.#)$ /()$ %'(%('.,(/-/$ 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'#-5,C-3()$&/-$%'&#=-$%'#0,-$.(/$&/$/D3#'($'#7&.,7($7#$E&#.#)<$H&#<$5A1,.-3#/+#<$/($ %-'+,.,%-'(/$#/$5-$#0-5&-.,A/$4/-59$@)+-$%'&#=-$),'0,A$%-'-$3#E('-'$5-$%'#%-'-.,A/$7#$5()$ El humor como factor de creatividad en la publicidad televisiva por Miguel Baños González INVESTIGACIONES E&#.#)$7#4/,+,0()9 F/-$0#C$,/.('%('-7-)$5-)$(%('+&/-)$3-+,C-.,(/#)<$5()$E&#.#)$'#.,=,#'(/$*('3-.,A/$)(='#$ 5-$+-'#-$H&#$+#/W-/$H&#$'#-5,C-'<$-)W$.(3($7#$5-$*('3-$7#$0-5('-'$.-7-$&/($7#$5()$*-.+('#)$ 7#$5-$.'#-+,0,7-7G$-7#3B)<$)#$5#)$#;%5,.A$#5$%'(.#)($7#$+'-=-E($'#-5,C-7($6$5()$.',+#',()$&+,5,­ C-7()$%-'-$7#4/,'$.-7-$&/($7#$5()$1I/#'()9$!-3=,I/$)#$3-/+&0($&/-$'#&/,A/$7#$=',#4/1<$ /#.#)-',-$%-'-$%(7#'$#0-5&-'$-51&/()$7#$5()$*-.+('#)$.(3($)(/$5-$-7#.&-.,A/$7#$5-$,7#-$-5$ %'(=5#3-$7#$.(3&/,.-.,A/$7#5$-/&/.,-/+#$($5-$.("#'#/.,-$,/+#'/-$7#$5-)$,7#-)9$U('$D5+,3($ )#$55#0-'(/$-$.-=($#E#'.,.,()$.(/$-/&/.,()$'#-5#)$%-'-$%'-.+,.-'$5-$#0-5&-.,A/$7#$5()$3#/­ )-E#)$7#$-.&#'7($.(/$5()$.',+#',()$6$*-.+('#)$)#5#..,(/-7()9 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P?Z?F#JMC@R[MCK<GM#WCK!KX@RGM @5$-/B5,),)$#)+-7W)+,.($5($"#3()$'#-5,C-7($.(/$#5$%'(1'-3-$hUhh<$&+,5,C-7($"-=,+&-53#/+#$ #/$#)+#$+,%($7#$,/0#)+,1-.,(/#)9$Z$/()$.#/+'-3()$#/$5()$),1&,#/+#)$#)+-7W)+,.()T [$@)+-7W)+,.-$7#).',%+,0-9 [$>(#4.,#/+#)$7#$.(''#5-.,A/9$>(''#5-.,(/#)$#/+'#$5()$1I/#'()$#3%5#-7()9 [$:/B5,),)$7#$5-$0-',-/C-9 >(/$#)+()$7-+()$%(7'#3()<$-$.(/+,/&-.,A/<$.(3%'(=-'$),$)#$.(/4'3-/$5-)$",%A+#),)$H&#$ Revista Comunicación y Hombre ∙ Número 5 ∙ Año 2009 9 10 INVESTIGACIONES "#3()$7#4/,7($6$)-.-'$5-)$.(''#)%(/7,#/+#)$.(/.5&),(/#)$)(='#$5-$,/0#)+,1-.,A/9 3.- Análisis estadístico$L1'B4.()$-/#;()$-5$4/-5$7#$5-$,/0#)+,1-.,A/Q S?E?F#<GQQJ!@<KGVJM#JVCQJ#!GM#U@<CGQJM @/$1#/#'-5<$5()$'#)&5+-7()$#)+-7W)+,.()$/()$3&#)+'-/$H&#$#;,)+#$&/-$#5#0-7-$.(''#5-.,A/$#/­ +'#$5-$3-6('W-$7#$5()$*-.+('#)$)#5#..,(/-7()$H&#$"#3()$&+,5,C-7($%-'-$#0-5&-'$5-$.'#-+,0,7-7$ %&=5,.,+-',-9 @/$),#+#$7#$5()$(."($*-.+('#)$0-5('-7()$%('$5()$E&#.#)$+#/#3()$H&#$5-$.(''#5-.,A/$%(),+,0-$ 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5-$.-5,7-7$+I./,.-<$-&/H&#$#/$/,/1D/$.-)($-5.-/C-$#5$/,0#5$7#$.(/4-/C-$7#5$Nmp9$Y-$(',1,­ /-5,7-7<$7#$/&#0($+,#/#$#5$3-6('$.(#4.,#/+#$7#$.(''#5-.,A/$L),1/,4.-/+#$-5$/,0#5$f<fMQ$.(/$5-$ .'#-+,0,7-7<$+#/7#/.,-$H&#$)#$3-/+,#/#$#/$+(7()$5()$1I/#'()G$6$+-3=,I/$+,#/#$&/$.(#4.,#/+#$ El humor como factor de creatividad en la publicidad televisiva por Miguel Baños González INVESTIGACIONES #5#0-7($ .(/$ 5-$ #5-=('-.,A/$ 6$ .(/$ 5-$ .-5,7-7$ +I./,.-9$ Y-$ .("#'#/.,-$ .(''#5-.,(/-$ /#1-+,0-­ 3#/+#$.(/$5-$(',1,/-5,7-7<$5-$#5-=('-.,A/<$5-$#)+I+,.-<$5-$(%-.,7-7$L),1/,4.-/+#$-5$/,0#5$f<fmQ<$ .(/$5-$.'#-+,0,7-7$6$.(/$5-$.-5,7-7$+I./,.-<$#)$7#.,'<$.(/$+(7()$)-50($.(/$5-$-7#.&-.,A/9$Y-$ #5-=('-.,A/<$%'#)#/+-$5()$.(#4.,#/+#)$7#$.(''#5-.,A/$%(),+,0()$3B)$#5#0-7()$.(/$&/$/,0#5$7#$ .(/4-/C-$7#5$NNp$#/$#5$.-)($7#$5-$.-5,7-7$+I./,.-$6$5-$#)+I+,.-<$6$7#5$Nmp$.(/$5-$.'#-+,0,7-7$ 6$5-$(',1,/-5,7-79$Y-$(%-.,7-7$3-/+,#/#$)&$+#/7#/.,-$-$.(''#5-.,(/-'$/#1-+,0-3#/+#<$),#/7($ 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Y-$%',3#'-$.(/.5&),A/$#)$H&#$/($"-6$7,*#'#/.,-)$),1/,4.-+,0-)$#/$#5$/,0#5$7#$%#'.#%.,A/$7#$ 5-$.'#-+,0,7-7$#/$5()$1I/#'()$"&3('<$7#3()+'-.,A/<$7'-3-+,C-.,A/$6$%'(=5#3-[)(5&.,A/9$ !-3%(.($"-6$7,*#'#/.,-)$),1/,4.-+,0-)$#/$5()$0-5('#)$7#$.-7-$&/($7#$5()$*-.+('#)$&+,5,­ C-7()$%('$5()$E&#.#)$%-'-$0-5('-'$5-$.'#-+,0,7-7$7#$5()$-/&/.,()9$@/$#5$.(/E&/+($7#$5-$,/­ 0#)+,1-.,A/<$5()$1I/#'()$&+,5,C-7()$3&#)+'-/$/,0#5#)$),3,5-'#)$7#$-7#.&-.,A/<$(',1,/-5,7-7<$ .("#'#/.,-$,/+#'/-<$#5-=('-.,A/<$#)+I+,.-<$(%-.,7-7<$.-5,7-7$+I./,.-$6$%#'.#%.,A/$15(=-5$7#$ El humor como factor de creatividad en la publicidad televisiva por Miguel Baños González Revista Comunicación y Hombre ∙ Número 5 ∙ Año 2009 13 14 INVESTIGACIONES Anexo de gráficos INVESTIGACIONES * GRÁFICO 2: Correlaciones género dramatización * GRÁFICO 1: Correlaciones totales \%`6$,#*&#$,%%&+"$(,/&-#&/'%&#+,-#:"$',%&-O#*"',-#*%"."'(4"$(N/ \%`6$,#*&#$,%%&+"$(,/&-#&/'%&#+,-#:"$',%&-O#*"',-#','"+&- El humor como factor de creatividad en la publicidad televisiva por Miguel Baños González Revista Comunicación y Hombre ∙ Número 5 ∙ Año 2009 15 16 INVESTIGACIONES INVESTIGACIONES * GRÁFICO 3: Correlaciones género problema-solución * GRÁFICO 4: Correlaciones género demostración \%`6$,#*&#$,%%&+"$(,/&-#&/'%&#+,-#:"$',%&-O#*"',-#1%,3+&."F-,+2$(N/ \%`6$,#*&#$,%%&+"$(,/&-#&/'%&#+,-#:"$',%&-O#*"',-#*&.,-'%"$(N/ El humor como factor de creatividad en la publicidad televisiva por Miguel Baños González Revista Comunicación y Hombre ∙ Número 5 ∙ Año 2009 17 18 INVESTIGACIONES INVESTIGACIONES * GRÁFICO 5: Correlaciones género humor El humor como factor de creatividad en la publicidad televisiva Miguel Baños González Bibliografía :Y!h@>]<$l()#)$LMNNgQT$The assessment of creativity in advertising and the effectiveness of creative advertisements<$!#),)$#/$5-$ F/,0#'),7-7$@)+-+-5$7#$U#/),50-/,-9$ :l:V^Y@<$!#'#)-$#+$-59$L_fffQT$Creatividad e Innovación<$V,5=-(<$b#&)+(9 :XXKZK<$^),7('($L_ffgQT$Investigación sobre creatividad percibida y viveza de imagen 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Desarrollo y funciones de la actividad publicitaria<$h#0,55-<$>(3&/,.-.,A/$h(.,-5$#7,.,(/#)$6$%&=5,.-.,(/#)9 j:X>v:$j:X>v:<$o'-/.,).($LMNOPQT$Estudios de creatividad en niños de edad escolar<$l-7',7<$F/,0#'),7-7$>(3%5&+#/)#9 jF^YoKXb<$q(6$U-&5$LMNdgQT$Ro-.+('#)$H&#$*-0('#.#/$6$*-.+('#)$H&#$(=)+-.&5,C-/$5-$.'#-+,0,7-7S$#/$>FX!^h<$q("/<$b@lKh<$j#('­ 1#$6$!KXX:e>@<$@9$U-&5$L>(3%)9Q<$Implicaciones educativas de la creatividad<$h-5-3-/.-<$:/-6-<$%%9$MM`[M`f9 jF^YoKXb<$q(6$U-&5$LMNddQT$La naturaleza de la inteligencia humana<$V&#/()$:,'#)<$@7,+(',-5$U-,7A)9 ^j:X!F:<$q&-/$q()I$6$]Fl:e@h<$l-'W-$Y&,)-$L_ffPQ<$Teoría e investigación en Ciencias Sociales<$l-7',7<$@79$hW/+#),)<$h9$:9 e:8:XXK<$>-'5()$L_ffgQT$!"#$%&'&($()*+,-&.&%$"&$)#/.$0<$l-7',7<$@h^>9 lKY^ew<$l-'x-5$L_ff`QT$La comunicación activa9 Publicidad sólida<$V-'.#5(/-<$@7,.,(/#)$b#&)+(9 Kj^Y8Z<$b-0,7$LMNNNQT$Ogilvy & publicidad<$V-'.#5(/-<$@7,.,(/#)$o(5,(9 UX^>s@e<$l-',($L_ffdQT$Creative Advertising<$Y(/7(/<$!"-3#)$y$]&7)(/9 h:e$e^>KYnh<$>I)-'$L_ffmQT$Introducción a la Creatividad Publicitaria<$l&'.,-<$^>@[F/,0#'),7-7$7#$l&'.,-9 \%`6$,#*&#$,%%&+"$(,/&-#&/'%&#+,-#:"$',%&-O#*"',-#B2.,% !KXX:e>@<$@9$U-&5$LMNgNQT$Orientación del talento creativo<$V&#/()$:,'#)<$@79$!'(H&#59 c@^YV:>]@X<$c,55,-/$LMNdNQT$Advertising<$e#2$Z('?<$l-.3,55-/$U&=5,)",/19 Z:l:lK!K<$s-('&$LMNgPQT$R:$*&'+"#'$-/-56),)$(*$+"#$'(5#$(*$.'#-+,0#$+",/?,/1$,/$",1"$)."((5$-.",#0#3#/+S<$#/$Journal of Psychology<$ /D3#'($mO<$%%9$_dd[_O`9 h!@XeV@Xj<$X(=#'+$q9$6$YFV:X!<$!(77$^9<$LMNNdQ9$La creatividad en una cultura conformista<$V-'.#5(/-<$U-,7A)9 FYl:ee<$j,)#5-$LMNd_QT$Creatividad<$l-7',7<$@7,.,(/#)$X,-5%9$h9$:9 El humor como factor de creatividad en la publicidad televisiva por Miguel Baños González Revista Comunicación y Hombre ∙ Número 5 ∙ Año 2009 19