WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency

Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency
The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration
Last Updated: 2006-11-10
PERU
Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)
Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%)
Level
L
N
N
Date
2005 P
2003 -2004
2001
Location and sample descriptor
Sex
Age
(years)
Lambayeque department: Infants by group: 1
B
0.50-1.07
Lambayeque department: Infants by group: 2
B
0.50-1.07
Lambayeque department: Infants by group: 3
B
0.50-1.07
Lambayeque department: Infants by group: 4
B
0.50-1.07
National: Women: Total
F
15.00-49.99
Women by age
F
15.00-19.99
Women by age
F
20.00-24.99
Women by age
F
25.00-29.99
Women by age
F
30.00-34.99
Women by age
F
35.00-49.99
Women by area: Urban
F
15.00-49.99
Women by area: Rural
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Lima Metropolitana
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Resto Costa
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Selva
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Sierra
F
15.00-49.99
National: Pre-SAC: Total
B
NS-4.99
National: SAC: Total
B
5.00-15.99
National: Women: Total
F
15.00-49.99
Pre-SAC by region: Costa
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Lima
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Selva
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Sierra rural
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Sierra urbana
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Trapecia Andino
B
NS-4.99
SAC by region: Costa
B
5.00-15.99
SAC by region: Lima
B
5.00-15.99
SAC by region: Selva
B
5.00-15.99
SAC by region: Sierra rural
B
5.00-15.99
SAC by region: Sierra urbana
B
5.00-15.99
SAC by region: Trapecio
B
5.00-15.99
Women by region: Costa
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Lima
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Selva
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Sierra rural
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Sierra urbana
F
15.00-49.99
Sample
size
Prevalence (%)
Mean
Current
XN
Previous
XN
82
82
73
76
1773
255
435
417
359
306
1068
705
458
407
285
623
734
1036
1228
126
117
162
142
91
96
170
168
189
222
150
137
198
205
218
248
180
X1B
X2
X3A
X3B
XS
<0.35
<0.70
3.4
10.2
5.7
9.6
6.50
5.60
7.80
4.10
6.10
9.10
6.20
6.90
5.80
2.90
8.40
8.50
14.9
13.1
8.6
15.1
10.3
17.9
9.9
14.3
22.9
13.5
12.5
14.3
7.2
13.3
21.2
11.1
11.2
8.3
6.0
4.4
SD
Reference
< 1.05
Notes
General
1.03
0.99
0.98
1.02
0.20
0.23
0.20
0.25
Line
5122
*
1
2
3
4
5357
*
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
5412a
*
© WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency
Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency
The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration
Last Updated: 2006-11-10
PERU
Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)
Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%)
Level
Date
Location and sample descriptor
Sex
Age
(years)
F
15.00-49.99
179
15.00-49.99
6377
657
842
968
129
83
137
114
103
91
149
135
152
139
143
124
173
154
171
166
171
133
882
741
148
116
174
165
138
141
148
116
174
165
N
2001
Women by region: Trapecia Andino
N
2000
National: Women
F
N
2000
National: Pre-SAC: Total
B
NS-4.99
National: SAC: Total
F
5.00-15.99
National: Women: Total
F
15.00-49.99
Pre-SAC by region: Costa
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Lima
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Selva
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Sierra rural
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Sierra urbana
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Trapecia Andino
B
NS-4.99
SAC by region: Costa
B
5.00-15.99
SAC by region: Lima
B
5.00-15.99
SAC by region: Selva
B
5.00-15.99
SAC by region: Sierra rural
B
5.00-15.99
SAC by region: Sierra urbana
B
5.00-15.99
SAC by region: Trapecio
B
5.00-15.99
Women by region: Costa
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Lima
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Selva
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Sierra rural
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Sierra urbana
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Trapecia Andino
F
15.00-49.99
National: Pre-SAC: Total
B
NS-4.99
National: Women: Total
F
15.00-49.99
Pre-SAC by region: Costa
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Lima
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Selva
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Sierra rural
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Sierra urbana
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Trapecia Andino
B
NS-4.99
Women by region: Costa
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Lima
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Selva
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Sierra rural
F
15.00-49.99
N
1999
Sample
size
Prevalence (%)
Mean
Current
XN
Previous
XN
X1B
X2
X3A
X3B
XS
<0.35
<0.70
SD
Reference
< 1.05
Notes
General
Line
3148
*
17
13.1
8.6
9.7
14.0
4.8
10.2
20.2
13.6
14.3
11.4
8.9
8.6
7.9
7.0
9.7
5.8
3.2
15.2
11.4
8.2
15.0
5412b
*
10.4
10.4
9.5
6.9
11.5
16.4
9.4
11.3
9.5
6.9
11.5
16.4
5412c
*
11.2
8.30
5412a
© WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency
Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency
The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration
Last Updated: 2006-11-10
PERU
Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)
Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%)
Level
N
N
N
L
Date
1999
1998
1997
1995 -1997
Sex
Age
(years)
Women by region: Sierra urbana
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Trapecia Andino
F
15.00-49.99
National: Pre-SAC: Total
B
NS-4.99
National: Women: Total
F
15.00-49.99
Pre-SAC by region: Costa
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Lima
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Selva
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Sierra rural
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Sierra urbana
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Trapecia Andino
B
NS-4.99
Women by region: Costa
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Lima
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Selva
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Sierra rural
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Sierra urbana
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Trapecia Andino
F
15.00-49.99
National: Pre-SAC: Total
B
NS-4.99
National: Women: Total
F
15.00-49.99
Pre-SAC by region: Costa
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Lima
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Selva
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Sierra rural
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Sierra urbana
B
NS-4.99
Pre-SAC by region: Trapecia Andino
B
NS-4.99
Women by region: Costa
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Lima
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Selva
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Sierra rural
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Sierra urbana
F
15.00-49.99
Women by region: Trapecia Andino
F
15.00-49.99
Lima: Women by group: Supplementation
F
NS
Lima: Women by group: Placebo
F
NS
Lima: Infants by group: Supplementation
B
0.12
Lima: Infants by group: Placebo
B
0.12
Location and sample descriptor
Sample
size
Prevalence (%)
Mean
Current
XN
Previous
XN
X1B
X2
X3A
X3B
XS
<0.35
<0.70
SD
Reference
< 1.05
Notes
General
138
141
9.4
11.3
5412c
946
1001
162
158
173
164
151
138
217
158
173
164
151
138
13.6
9.4
17.9
12.7
11.6
13.4
9.9
15.9
1.8
12.7
11.6
13.4
9.9
15.9
5412d
*
504
831
79
50
101
92
74
108
148
150
133
136
131
133
19.2
6.4
17.7
26.0
25.7
12.0
14.9
28.7
6.8
8.0
5.3
5.9
4.6
2.3
5412e
*
4732
*
492
501
98
91
10.00
10.00
57.1
45.1
0.70
0.73
Line
0.18
0.17
© WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency
Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency
The Vitamin A Deficiency database includes data by country based on xerophthalmia and/or serum or plasma retinol concentration
Last Updated: 2006-11-10
PERU
Serum / plasma retinol concentration (µmol/l)
Prevalence of xerophthalmia (%)
Level
R
L
Date
1992 -1993
1987
Location and sample descriptor
Sex
Age
(years)
Sample
size
Lima I area: Pre-SAC
B
1.00-4.08
Lima II area: Pre-SAC
B
1.00-4.08
Lima - Pueblos Jovenes: Pre-SAC
B
1.00-4.08
Libertadores Wari region (coast): Pre-SAC
B
0.00-3.08
Libertadores Wari region (mountains): Pre-SAC
B
0.00-3.08
78
75
72
94
74
Lima city suburbs: Pre-SAC
B
0.92-1.1
65
Prevalence (%)
Mean
Current
XN
Previous
XN
X1B
X2
X3A
X3B
XS
<0.35
<0.70
2.6
6.7
23.6
21.3
24.3
2.0
14.0
SD
Reference
< 1.05
1.07
0.97
0.88
0.92
0.90
Notes
General
Line
933
*
18
19
20
21
250
*
© WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency
NOTES
PERU
Reference No:
5122
General notes:
Note 1
Infants randomly selected from peri-urban communities in the cities of Lambayeque and Chiclayo, Lambayeque department. Area selected because a previous survey identified the
prevalence of anaemia, VAD and infection. Baseline data of supplementation trial.
Group 1: Placebo.
Note 2
Group 2: Daily iron.
Note 3
Group 3: Daily multiple micronutrients.
Note 4
Group 4: Weekly multiple micronutrients.
Reference No:
5357
General notes:
Note 5
Multi-stage PPS cluster sampling. Nationally representative survey of 6377 households covering urban and rural areas. Previous XN is XN during pregnancy with a live birth in the 5
years preceding the survey. For women with 2 or more live births in the 5 years period, data refer to the most recent birth. Women's age is age at time of delivery.
XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.20%
Note 6
XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 0.50%
Note 7
XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.50%
Note 8
XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.70%
Note 9
XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.20%
Note 10
XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 0.90%
Note 11
XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.10%
Note 12
XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.40%
Note 13
XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 0.70%
Note 14
XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 0.40%
Note 15
XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.50%
Note 16
XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 2.00%
Reference No:
5412a
General notes:
Report is part of the National Monitoring of Nutritional Indicators. Sample representative at national level and regionally in 6 geographical regions: Lima Metropolitana, Resto de Costa,
Sierra Urbana, Sierra Rural, Selva, and Trapecio Andino. Data for 2000-2001 taken from reference No. 5732.
Reference No:
3148
General notes:
Note 17
Multi-stage PPS cluster sampling.
XN prevalence adjusted for daytime visual problems: 1.80%
Reference No:
5412b
General notes:
Report is part of the National Monitoring of Nutritional Indicators. Sample representative at national level and regionally in 6 geographical regions: Lima Metropolitana, Resto de Costa,
Sierra Urbana, Sierra Rural, Selva, and Trapecio Andino. Data for 2000-2001 taken from reference No. 5732.
Reference No:
5412c
General notes:
Report is part of the National Monitoring of Nutritional Indicators. Sample representative at national level and regionally in 6 geographical regions: Lima Metropolitana, Resto de Costa,
Sierra Urbana, Sierra Rural, Selva, and Trapecio Andino. Data for 2000-2001 taken from reference No. 5732.
5412d
Reference No:
General notes:
Report is part of the National Monitoring of Nutritional Indicators. Sample representative at national level and regionally in 6 geographical regions: Lima Metropolitana, Resto de Costa,
Sierra Urbana, Sierra Rural, Selva, and Trapecio Andino. Data for 2000-2001 taken from reference No. 5732.
© WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency
NOTES
PERU
Reference No:
5412e
General notes:
Report is part of the National Monitoring of Nutritional Indicators. Sample representative at national level and regionally in 6 geographical regions: Lima Metropolitana, Resto de Costa,
Sierra Urbana, Sierra Rural, Selva, and Trapecio Andino. Data for 2000-2001 taken from reference No. 5732.
Reference No:
4732
General notes:
Sample comprised of women and their newborns identified in Canto Grande (Lima) who agreed to participate. Study designed to assess the safety and efficacy of postpartum maternal
vitamin A supplementation. Study methods in reference No. 3627. Previous XN is XN during last pregnancy, which ended with delivery 6 weeks prior to the start of the study.
933
Reference No:
General notes:
Note 18
Multi-stage PPS cluster sampling.
Note 20
Lima I included the districts of Lince, Magdalena del Mar, Magdalena Vieja, Miraflores, San Isidro, San Miguel, Santiago de Surco, Santa Marià del Mar. La Molina, Jesus Maria, San
Borja, Bellavista and La Punta.
Lima II included the districts of Lima, Ancon, Ate, Brena, Carabayllo, Chaclacayo, Chorrillos, La Victoria, Lurigancho, Lurin, Pachacamac, Puente Piedra, Rimac, Barranco, Surquillo,
Pucusana, San Bartolo, Punta Hermoza, Punta Negra, Comas, Villa Maria del Triunfo, Santa Rosa, Independencia, San Juan de Miraflores, Agustino, San Juan de Lurigancho, San
Luis, San Martin de Porres, Cieneguilla, Villa El Salvador, Callao, La Perla, Carmen de la Legua, Reinoso and Ventanilla.
Lima - Pueblos Jovenes included the metropolitan areas of Lima, slum areas, popular housing areas and areas where a least 50% of the houses have water intradomicile.
Note 21
Libertadores-Wari region included the provinces of Huamanga, Huanta, Pisco and Ica.
Note 19
Reference No:
250
General notes:
Sample comprised of a control group of healthy children (children with absence of diarrhea up to 2 months before the collection of the blood sample) from the suburbs of Lima.
© WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency
REFERENCES
PERU
Reference 250
Reference 933
Salazar-Lindo E, Salazar M, Alvarez JO. Association of diarrhea and low serum retinol in Peruvian children.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1993, 58 :110-113.
Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informatica Salud Medicina y Agricultura. Encuesta Bioquímica del Estado de Hierro y Vitamina A: regiones Lima y Libertadores-Wari 1992-93
[Biochemical Study of the Iron and Vitamin A Status: regions Lima and Libertadores-Wari 1992-93]. Lima, Asociación Benéfica Proyectos en Informática Salud Medicina y
Agricultura/Programa de Alimentación y Nutrición de la Familia en Alto Riesgo, 1993.
Reference 3148
Reyes J, Ochoa LH. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar 2000 [Peru Demographic Health Survey 2000]. Lima, Instituto Nacional de Estadística e Informática, 2001.
Reference 4732
Bahl R, Bhandari N, Wahed MA, Kumar GT, Bhan MK; WHO/CHD Immunization-Linked Vitamin A Group. Vitamin A supplementation of women postpartum and of their infants at
immunization alters breast milk retinol and infant vitamin A status. Journal of Nutrition, 2002, 132 :3243-3248.
Reference 5122
López de Romaña G, Cusirramos S, López de Romaña D, Gross R. Efficacy of multiple micronutrient supplementation for improving anemia, micronutrient status, growth, and morbidity of
Peruvian infants. Journal of Nutrition, 2005, 135 :646S-652S.
Reference 5357
Céspedes R, Dácila E, Fort A, Ulloa L, Castro Z. Perú Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar ENDES Continua 2004; Informe principal. Lima, Peru, Instituto Nacional de Estadístic e
Informática (INEI), Agenvia de los Estados Unidos para el Desarrollo Internacional (USAID), Programa Measure DHS+/ ORC Macro., 2005.
Reference 5412
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutritción, Dirección Ejecutiva de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional. Informe nacional de deficiencia de vitamina A en niños
menores de 05 años y mujeres en edad fertil 1997-2001. Lima, Ministerio de Salud, 2001.
Reference 5412
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutritción, Dirección Ejecutiva de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional. Informe nacional de deficiencia de vitamina A en niños
menores de 05 años y mujeres en edad fertil 1997-2001. Lima, Ministerio de Salud, 2001.
Reference 5412
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutritción, Dirección Ejecutiva de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional. Informe nacional de deficiencia de vitamina A en niños
menores de 05 años y mujeres en edad fertil 1997-2001. Lima, Ministerio de Salud, 2001.
Reference 5412
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutritción, Dirección Ejecutiva de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional. Informe nacional de deficiencia de vitamina A en niños
menores de 05 años y mujeres en edad fertil 1997-2001. Lima, Ministerio de Salud, 2001.
Reference 5412
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutritción, Dirección Ejecutiva de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional. Informe nacional de deficiencia de vitamina A en niños
menores de 05 años y mujeres en edad fertil 1997-2001. Lima, Ministerio de Salud, 2001.
© WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
PERU
Reference 252
Reference 2108
Segura L. Vitamin A deficiency in Peru.
Nutriview, 1997, :1;3.
Brown KH. Proposal for a survey of the vitamin A status of childhood populations in selected regions of Peru: preparation for a possible evaluation of the effect of vitamin A supplementation
on infant and child morbidity and mortality and development of a vitamin A. 1986.
Reference 3149
[Anonymous]. Información pertinente al requerimiento de información sobre micronutrientes solicitado por ops.
Reference 3150
Republica de Peru. Monitoreo de incadores nutricionales. Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición INS.
Reference 4314
FAO. Informe de Perú. Rome, Organización de la Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación, 1992.
2000.
2000.
Reference 4315
Ministerio de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Alimentacion y Nutricion. Informe nacional: la situación nutricional en el Perú, análisis y recomendaciones para acciones futuras [National report:
the nutritional situation in Peru, analysis and recommendations for future actions]. Lima, Ministerio de Salud, Instituto Nacional de Alimentación y Nutrición, 1992.
Reference 4966
Alarcon K, Kolsteren PW, Prada AM, Chian AM, Velarde RE, Pecho IL, Hoeree TF. Effects of separate delivery of zinc or zinc and vitamin A on hemoglobin response, growth, and diarrhea
in young Peruvian children receiving iron therapy for anemia. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2004, 80 :1276-1282.
Reference 5532
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutritción, Dirección Ejecutiva de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional. Informe nacional de niveles de hemoglobina y
prevalencia de anemia en niños de 12 a 36 meses y mujeres en edad fertil 2003. Lima, Ministerio de Salud, 2003.
Reference 5732
Instituto Nacional de Salud, Centro Nacional de Alimentación y Nutritción, Dirección Ejecutiva de Vigilancia Alimentaria y Nutricional. Analisis secundario de la informacion del monitoreo
nacional de indicadores nutricionales, 1996-2001. Lima, Peru, Ministerio de Salud, 2003.
© WHO Global Database on Vitamin A Deficiency