Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems B\FA@OHßF \FHRLS_HQ@SH@ ALD ÀSL@ @FAHF@ B@O\DQ@A AL OHLFOH@_ @AIHFH_QS@QHR@_ [SMES@I@ AL @AIHFH_QS@OHßF AL LI[SL_@_ L_[LOH@DHZ@OHßF LF @DQ@ ELSLFOH@ Iÿaudm: EL_QHßF ALD Q@DLFQM G\I@FM Ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf Ald [lrbhd Al O`rems Lstuah`ftls: Ilrdy Orhsthf` Hompm @far`al Lau`ram @farès Cmgÿrqulz Rld`som [larm [`cdm Br`fom R`dalrr`i` [rmblsmr: I`rhm Auqul E`htàf Cmemtà A.O., 0; al I`rzm al 3;30. 0 Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems OMFQLFHAM Hftrmauoohÿf.............. ............................ ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .............................. ........................... ........... ? 0. Als Alsorh orhpoh pohÿf ÿf al d` Lip Liprls rls`` M Mcjl cjltm tm Al Lst Lstuah uahmm.............. ............................ ............................. .............................. ............................. .......................1 .........1 0.0 S`zÿf smoh`d: Erupm B`ihdh` _.@............... ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................. ...................................... ....................... 1 ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ..................................... ................................ ......... 1 0.3 Mcjltm smoh`d.............. 0.? Ihshÿf.............. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. .................................... ...................... < 0.1 Rhshÿf............... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .....................................< ......................< 0.< [rhfohphms.............. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ................................................... .................................... < 0.2 R`dmrls omrpmr`thvms............. ........................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ................................................. .................................. < 0.5 Mcjlthvms omrpmr`thvms............... ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................................ .............................2 2 3. Ima Imaldm ldm Al A Also lsorhp rhpohÿ ohÿf f Al [lr [lrbhd bhdls ls [ [mr mr O Omip mipltl ltlfoh foh``.....................................................................2 ?. Imaldm Ahslð`am............... .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ....................................... .......................... 5 ?.3 Mre`fher`i` Erupm B`ihdh` _.@ ............... .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ...............................7 ................7 1. <. ........................... ............................. .............................. ..................................7 ...................7 \fh \fha`a a`a Al F Flem lemohm ohmss [ [mr mr S Smdl mdlss O O`re `rems ms X [ [lrb lrbhdl hdlss............. [lrbhdls [lrbhdls A All O` O`rems rems [`r` Ld À Àrl` rl` O Omft`c mft`cdl dl y Bhf` Bhf`fohlr fohlr`` Eru Erupm pm B` B`ihdh ihdh`` _.@ [email protected]; <.0 [lrbhd Ahrlotmr `aihfhstr`thvm y bhf`fohlrm..................................................................................0; <.3 [lrbhd Slspmfs`cdl al Elsthÿf Omrpmr`thv`............. ............................ ............................. ............................. ............................. .........................00 ...........00 Bulftl: Ld`cmr`ohÿf prmph`.............. ............................ ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ..............................03 ................03 <.? [lrbhd @slsmr Juréahom............... .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. ..............03 03 <.1 [lrbhd ald Qlsmrlrm.............. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. ................................... .................... 0? 2. Omfodushmfls............. ........................... ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................................... ................................ 0< Slblrlfoh`s............... ............................. ............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ............................. ............................. .............................. ...........................02 ............02 3 Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems Hftrmauoohÿf D` elsthÿf ald t`dlftm gui`fm lf d` liprls` y lf elflr`d, dms rloursms gui`fms g`f o`ich` o`i ch`am am aràsth aràstho`i o`ilftl lftl ` dm d`rem d`rem al dms `ðms, `ðms, `ftlrh `ftlrhmri mrilft lftll sl lfbmo`c lfbmo`c`f `f lf bufohm bufohmfls fls lxodushv`s, omim omftr`t`ohmfls, fÿihf`s y clflbhohms, plrm `gmr` d`s omip`ðé`s omihlfz`f ` lftlfalr ld hip`otm pmshthvm al omft`r omf uf lquhpm al lipdl`ams o`dhbho`ams, omiprmilthams l hfvmduor`ams omf d`s ilt`s al d` mre`fhz`ohÿf. \f shstli` al elsthÿf ald t`dlftm gui`fm lf d` liprls` ihal y `aihfhstr` ld alsliplðm al dms omd`cmr`amrls ` tr`vès al d` o`p`oht`ohÿf, d` rltrm`dhilft`ohÿf y ld `pmym, qul dls plriht` tlflr tlf lr uf` vhshÿ vhshÿf f od`r` od`r` al d`s omipltlf omipltlfoh` oh`ss qul flolsh flolsht`f t`f p`r` p`r` `do`fz `do`fz`r `r ld èxhtm èxhtm plrsmf plrsmf`d `d y mre`fhz`ohmf`d, al `gé d` hipmrt`foh` al omftr`t`r `d plrsmf`d, sleúf ld pmtlfoh`d y fm smd`ilftl sleúf d` lxplrhlfoh`, p`r` `sé prmpmrohmf`r d` bmri`ohÿf `alou`a` y ljlout`r prmer`i`s p`r` `cmra`r ld rlfahihlftm y ld als`rrmddm al sus g`chdha`als.^OHQ@QHMF [lr08 Td 8332 Y . [mr dm `ftlrhmr, `ftlrhmr, d` mre`fhz`ohÿf mre`fhz`ohÿf alcl `cmra`r tmam uf prmolsm amfal sl pula` halfthbho`r halfthbho`r d` vlra`alr` flolsha`a al d` v`o`ftl ` oucrhr, omim d`s ahsthft`s omipltlfoh`s y g`chdha`als p`r` ld alsliplðm mpthim ald ihsim y bhf`dilftl d` ilahohÿf al lbhohlfoh` ilah`ftl hfaho`amrls al elsthÿf. Fm mcst`ftl, ld als`rrmddm al d` prlslftl `othvha`a prltlfal alst`o`r d` hipmrt`foh` ald prmolsm al lstruotur`ohÿf al o`rems, `dhfl`ams g`oh` d`s omipltlfoh`s, d`s ou`dls gmy lf aé` smf ld pdus y ld v`dmr `erle`am qul plrihtlf elflr`r ahsthft`s g`chdha`als qul dmer`f mrhlft`r ` dms bufohmf`rhms g`oh` ahsthft`s àrl`s, cuso`fam d` hftler`dha`a y orlohihlftm ald hfahvhaum qul dl crhfal d`s glrr`ihlft`s p`r` lfbrlft`r d`s lxhelfoh`s al uf iufam edmc`dhz`am ld ou`d o`a` vlz ls iàs lxhelftl. ? Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems 0. Als Alsorh orhpoh pohÿf ÿf al dd`` Liprls Liprls`` Mcjltm Mcjltm A All Lst Lstuah uahmm 0.0 S`zÿ S`zÿf f smoh`d smoh`d:: Erupm B`ihdh` _.@. D` liprls` mcjltm al lstuahm, lstuahm, f`ol lf d` ohua`a al Ilalddéf Omdmich` lf ld `ðm08<7, omf ld lspérhtu liprlfalamr al dms jÿvlfls Jmgf Eÿilz Slstrlpm y I`rhm \rhcl, quhlfls alohalf liprlf lip rlfalr alr uf prmylot prmylotm m al liprls` liprls` omdmich` omdmich`f` f` omf o`pht`d o`pht`d hftlrf` hftlrf`ohm ohmf`d f`d,, `d aé` al gmy, gmy, o`t`dme`a` omim liprls` déalr lf Omdmich`, omfsthtuha` omf ld mcjlthvm al crhfa`r chlflst`r ` d` omiufha`a, ` tr`vès ald ahslðm, d` hffmv`ohÿf, d` prmauoohÿf y d` ahstrhcuohÿf al prmauotms al `slm l ghehlfl.^ OHQ@QHMF B`i070 Td 8332 Y . D` bhdm bhdmsm smbé bé`` hftl hftlrf rf`oh `ohmf mf`d `d al aldd erup erupm m B`ihd B`ihdh` h` _.@, _.@, sl vl rl rlbd bdlj lj`a `a`` lf d` d`ss mp mplr lr`o `ohm hmfl flss hftlrf`ohmf`dls qul rl`dhz` lf ahvlrsms p`ésls `drlalamr ald iufam, ld plrbhd o`dhbho`am al su t`dlftm gui`fm, sl lfoulftr` alaho`am ` elflr`r lstr`tleh`s, qul plriht`f iljmr`r d` o`dha`a al vha` al dms odhlftls, plrohchlfam omfst`ftlilftl sus flolsha`als y lxplot`thv`s, orl`fam uf` rld`ohÿf rld`o hÿf al omfbh`fz`, omfbh`fz`, lst`chdha`a lst`chdha`a y omiprmihsm omiprmihsm lftrl dms omfsuihamrls omfsuihamrls y d` i`ro`. ^OHQ@QHMF B`i070 Td 8332 Y. 0.3 Mcjltm smoh`d Hip`ot`r lf tmam imilftm d` vha` al d`s b`ihdh`s elflr`fam chlflst`r y s`dua al i`flr` smstlfhcdl ` tr`vès al smduohmfls suplrhmrls al ouha`am, ghehlfl y `slm. 0.?? Ih 0. Ihsh shÿf ÿf Erupm Eru pm liprls liprls`rh `rh`d, `d, alaho`am alaho`am ` d` b`crho b`crho`oh `ohÿf ÿf y omilro omilroh`d h`dhz` hz`ohÿf ohÿf al prmauo prmauotms tms al `slm `slm plrsmf`d, p`r` ld gme`r y d`s liprls`s lf elflr`d, qul prmpmrohmf`f d` iàxhi` s`thsb`oohÿf `d 1 Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems omfsuihamr. Mrhlft`a` ` mctlflr rlft`chdha`a al d` hfvlrshÿf al dms `oohmfhst`s y als`rrmddm al ald t`dlftm gui`fm gui `fm,, ` tr`v tr`vès ès al aldd or orloh lohih ihlft lftm m y pm pmsh shoh ohmf` mf`ih ihlft lftm m lf ld ilro ilro`a `am, m, lf lfbm bmo` o`am amss lf d` rlspmfs`chdha`a smoh`d.^ OHQ@QHMF B`i070 Td 8332 Y. 0.1 Rhs Rhshÿf hÿf _lr uf` mre`fhz`ohÿf déalr lf ld ilro`am al prmauotms p`r` ld `slm plrsmf`d, ld gme`r y d`s liprls`s lf elflr`d lf Omdmich` y D`thfm`ièrho`. Omiprmiltha` lf ld als`rrmddm ald p`és, ` tr tr`vès `vès al d` uthdhz uthdhz`oh `ohÿf ÿf lbloth lblothv` v` al d` tlofmd tlofmdmeé meé`` y prmtlo prmtloohÿ ohÿf f `d ilahm ilahm `ichlf `ichlftl. tl. ^ OHQ@QHMF B`i070 Td 8332 Y. 0.< [rhfohphms Omiprmihsm Ommplr`ohÿf Qr`fsp`rlfoh` Dl`dt`a Slspltm Gmflstha`a Slspmfs`chdha`a 0.2 R`dmrls omrpmr`thvms < Rmo`ohÿf al slrvhohm Hffmv`ohÿf Qr`c`jm lf Lquhpm Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems Slspm pmf fs`chdha`a lf dms omiprmih mihsms `aquhrhams omf ld lftmrfm, d` smohla`a y ld ilahm `ichlftl. @otú` alftrm ald i`rom èthom y dle`d. @pmy` y omip`rtl als`béms y èxhtms ald plrsmf`d, cuso`fam ld lfoulftrm omf d` lxoldlfoh` y prmphoh`fam d` `utmrrl`dhz`ohÿf p`r` `do`fz`r shliprl fulv`s ilt`s. 0.5 Mcjlthvms omrpmr`thvms @do`fz` @do `fz`rr d` ile` ile` prmpuls prmpulst` t` pmr ld erupm, erupm, e`r`ft e`r`fthz` hz`fam fam ld rlt rltmrf mrfm m lsplr` lsplr`am am pmr dms `oohmfhst`s y prmimvhlfam ld prmerlsm y orlohihlftm. E`r`fthz`r qul d`s `oohmfls sl rhj`f c`jm dms prhfohphms al d` smstlfhchdha`a `ichlft`d. Elflr`r chlflst`r ` tr`vès al d` orl`ohÿf y ld hfolfthvm al uf` oudtur` qul b`ohdhtl d` hffmv`ohÿf y d` lxoldlfoh`. Iljmr`r d` o`dha`a al vha` al dms odhlftls, plrohchlfam omfst`ftlilftl sus flolsha`als y lxplot`thv`s.^ OHQ@QHMF B`i070 Td 8332 Y . 3. Ima Imaldm ldm Al Al Alsorh sorhpoh pohÿf ÿf Al [lrb [lrbhdl hdlss [mr Omip Omipltlf ltlfoh` oh` Alftrm al d` elsthÿf ald t`dlftm gui`fm sl uthdhz`f glrr`ihlft`s y tèofho`s, qul plrihtlf als`rrmdd`r uf lstuahm pmr omipltlfoh`s p`r` d` liprls`, amfal sl `f`dhz`f dms plrbhdls p`r` dms sheuhl she uhlftl ftlss o`rems o`rems:: Ahrlot Ahrlotmr mr @aihfh @aihfhstr str`th `thvm vm y Bhf`foh Bhf`fohlrm lrm,, Ahrlot Ahrlotmr mr al Elsthÿ Elsthÿf f omftr` omftr`otu otu`d, `d, Ommrahf`amr @aihfhstr`thvm y Ommrahf`amr al [rmylotms. ^ OHQ@QHMF Eut08 Td 8332 Y . Omim s`clims, d`s omipltlfoh`s d`cmr`dls smf dms omfmohihlftms, g`chdha`als, lxplrhlfoh`s y `othtu `othtuals als qul pmsllf dms omd`cmr omd`cmr`amr `amrls ls y qul hftlrvhl hftlrvhlflf flf lf su alslip alsliplðm lðm alftrm alftrm al d` mre`fhz`ohÿf mre`fh z`ohÿf.. Lstms Lstms smf hfglrlftls hfglrlftls ` d`s plrsmf`s y pulalf slr lv`du`ams y als`rrmdd` als`rrmdd`ams ams omf ld bhf al mpthihz`r ld rlfahihlftm ald tr`c`j`amr y d` liprls`. D` hal` hal` prhfoh prhfohp`d p`d ls prmpmr prmpmrohm ohmf`r f`r plrbh plrbhdls dls al o`rem o`rem lf omfomra omfomra`fo `foh` h` omf dms mcjlthvm mcjlthvmss lstr`tèehoms al d` mre`fhz`ohÿf, dms ou`dls lstèf `dhfl`ams omf `quldd`s omipltlfoh`s flols`rh`s qul sl rlquhlr rlquhlrlf lf p`r` alsliplð` alsliplð`rr 2 o`a` o`rem, o`rem, ilah`ftl ilah`ftl d` hfstru hfstruilft`o ilft`ohÿf hÿf al bmriud`r bmriud`rhms hms Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems amfal sl halfthbho`f d`s omipltlfoh`s, lftrlvhst`s y oulsthmf`rhms `pdho`ams ` dms tr`c`j`amrls. Ld lstuahm al d` liprls` fms plrihthrà mctlflr uf mralf iàs `slrthvm al dms plrbhdls ` `f`dhz`r y ahslð`r, dm qul b`ohdht`r` ld prmolsm al sldloohÿf y rlodut`ihlftm ald plrsmf`d, `aliàs al b`ohdht`r d`s lv`du`ohmfls al alsliplðm y o`p`oht`ohmfls, pmr lfal, ld prmolsm hfvmduor` d` p`rtl `aihfhstr`thv` qul `otu`dilftl bufohmf`, y` qul ls hipmrt`ftl tlflr d` hfbmri`ohÿf, p`r` qul lst` sl` rl`d rl`d y `sé altlri altlrihf` hf`rr dm qul sl pulal g`olr omf rlsudt rlsudt`ams `ams pmshth pmshthvms vms.. ^ OHQ@QHMF _`f3; Td 8332 Y. @splotms prlvhms _l `f`dhz` d` ihshÿf, vhshÿf y v`dmrls qul thlfl d` liprls` mcjltm al lstuahm p`r` `f`dhz`r dms plrbhdls al dms o`rems m dmer`r uf` rllstruotur`ohÿf al dms ihsims y ` su vlz, prmpmrohmf`r uf `pmrtl ` dms ihsims, omf ld bhf al rlahslð`rdms lf prm ald ouipdhihlftm al dms mcjlthvms al d` liprls`. Slufhÿf prlvh` omf dms lipdl`ams \f` vlz sl rl`dhz` tma` d` amouilft`ohÿf plrthflftl, sl oht` uf` rlufhÿf al ahrlothvms y `d plrsmf`d flols`rhm p`r` lxpdho`r y a`r ` omfmolr ld prmpÿshtm y mcjlthvm ald `fàdhshs al plrbhdls al o`rems y su hipmrt`foh`. ?. Im Imal aldm dm Ahsl Ahslð` ð`am am Ld ahslðm al imaldm al alsorhpohÿf al plrbhdls pmr omipltlfoh`s qul glims sldloohmf`am p`r` d` liprls` mcjltm al lstuahm, lstà c`s`am lf uf imaldm shtu`ohmf`d om omiplththvm, iplththvm, qul plrihtl hfvmduor`r d`s `othvha`als lf d`s bufohmfls al dms omd`cmr`amrls, als`rrmdd`fam `sé d` omftrhcuohÿf ` dms prmolsms y d` lstr`tleh` ald flemohm. flemo hm. Lstl imaldm sl lfoulftr` `dhfl`am omf d` iltmamdmeé` al bufohmfls ald o`rem, y` qul plrihtl halfthbho`r d`s `othvha`als al pd`fl`ohÿf, ljlouohÿf, omftrmd y vlrhbho`ohÿf y su iljmr`, pmr ilahm al hfah hfaho` o`am amrl rlss prmp prmphm hmss ald o` o`re rem, m, dms dms ou ou`d `dls ls ls lstà tàf f ah ahsl slð` ð`ams ams al `o `oul ulra ram m ` dm dmss pr prmol molsm sm y prmolahihlftms qul als`rrmdd` d` liprls`, elflr`fam el flr`fam uf lblotm lf l f lso`dlr` `solfalftl qul p`rtl 5 Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems al dm elflr`d ` dm p`rthoud` ud`r, `sleur`fam ld ouipdhihlf ouipd hihlftm tm al d`s ilt`s y mcjlthvms mcjlthvms prmpulstms prmpulstms lf tma` d` mre`fhz`ohÿf, mre`fhz`ohÿf, prmpmrohmf`fam prmpmrohmf`fam uf` `oohÿf qul hfvmduor` uf` oudtur` al elsthÿf hftler`d.^ OHQ@QHMF [lr08 Td 8332 Y . Lst` iltmamdmeé` plrihtl qul d` liprls` pula` `pdho`r ahblrlftls tèofho`s al elsthÿf ald t`dlftm gui`fm `d hftlrhmr al d` mre`fhz`ohÿf, dmer`fam qul dms odhlftls hftlrfms lstèf s`thsblogms omf d` `shef`ohÿf al bufohmfls, y` sl` pmr rlsudt`am al `othvha`als, pmr prmolsms, fhvld jlràrquhom y/m hfsthtuohmf`d, `aliàs sl pulal hipdlilft`r uf o`tàdmem al omipltlfoh`s omf v`rhla`a al omfolptms omf sus er`ams al amihfhm qul plrihtl y `yua` ` rl`dhz`r d`s lftrlvhst`s lf ld imilftm ald rlodut`ihlftm y sldloohÿf ald plrsmf`d p`r` d` liprls`. ?.3 Mre`fher`i` Erupm B`ihdh` _.@ Bulftl: Ld`cmr`ohÿf prmph` 1. \fh \fha`a a`a Al F Flem lemohm ohmss [mr Sm Smdls dls O O`rem `remss X [lrb [lrbhdl hdlss D`s tèofho`s tèofho`s y glrr`ihlft glrr`ihlft`s `s hipdlilft hipdlilft`a`s, `a`s, plrihtlf plrihtlf halfthbho`r halfthbho`r omf i`ymr b`ohdha`a b`ohdha`a d`s omipltlfoh`s y g`chdha`als lf d` alsorhpohÿf al plrbhdls al o`rems p`r` ld dmerm al uf lxoldlftl alsliplðm d`cmr`d `d hftlrhmr al d` liprls`, rlvhsthlfam dms `splotms lf d` jlr`rqué` y v`rh`cdls 7 Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems qu qull hftl hftlrv rvhl hlfl flf f lf d` d`ss bufo bufohm hmfls fls al aldd o` o`re rem m lf d` ufha`a al flemohms al d` p`rtl `aihfhstr`thv` lf d`s suours`dls al d` liprls` mcjltm al lstuahm, bufa`ilft`a`s lf d` [d`fl`ohÿf, Ljlouohÿf, Rlrhbho`ohÿf y omftrmd, Omiufho`ohÿf, @utmrha`a, Sld`ohmfls, Ilahohÿf y iljmr`. _u `pdho`ohÿf l hipdlilft`ohÿf omftrhcuyl ` d` omfstruoohÿf al dms hfaho`amrls ald o`rem, su bulftl bul ftl y sleuhi sleuhihlf hlftm tm p`r` p`r` qul hip`ot hip`otlf lf al i`flr` i`flr` pmsht pmshthv` hv` lf dms mcjlthvm mcjlthvmss y rlsudt rlsudt`ams `ams lsplr`ams.^ OHQ@QHMF Oli08 Td 8332 Y. Alspuès al rlvhs`r ld i`rom lstr`tèehom omrpmr`thvm al d` liprls` mcjltm al lstuahm (ihshÿf, vhshÿf, pmdétho`s y aliàs) halfthbho`ims d`s omipltlfoh`s al d` mre`fhz`ohÿf, d`s ou`dls sl oht`f ` omfthfu`ohÿf, omf sus rlsplothv`s albhfhohmfls: OMI[LQLFOH@ ALBHFHOHßF ELFÈSHO@ @utmomftrmd, tr`c`jm c`jm D`s omipltlfoh`s elfèrho`s smf g`chdha`als m alstrlz`s, `othtuals prlshÿf. y omfmohihlftms tr`fsvlrs`dls qul sl rlquhlrlf lf ou`dquhlr àrl` prmblshmf`d, qul smf tr`fsblrhcdls ` uf` er`f v`rhla`a al àichtms al alsliplðm y qul bmrt`dlolf d` lipdl`chdha`a, omim d` o`p`oha`a al i`ftlflr omftrmd`a`s d`s prmph`s limohmfls y lvht`fam rl`oohmfls `avlrs`s `ftl lftmrfms qul elflrlf prmvmo`ohmfls, mpmshohÿf u gmsthdha`a al mtrms, m ou`fam sl tr`c`j` lf omfahohmfls al lstrès> ahogm al uf` bmri` Omiprmihsm y slftham al shipdhbho`a`, tmdlr`foh` `d lstrès. Orl`r lf ld prmphm tr`c`jm m rmd y su v`dmr alftrm al d` plrtlflfoh`. liprls`, dm ou`d sl tr`auol lf uf rlbulrzm lxtr` p`r` d` Omip`ðé`, `ufqul fm shliprl lf clflbhohm prmphm. Hftlrhmrhz`r dms Mcjlthvms omrpmr`thvms y slfthrdms omim prmphms alfmt`fam uf Orl`thvha`a `ipdhm omiprmihsm pmr d` omfslouohÿf al dms ihsims. O`p`oha`a p`r` prmpmflr smduohmfls hi`ehf`thv`s y Mrhehf`dls. Hffmv`ohÿf l halfthbho`ohÿf al `dtlrf`thv`s 8 Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems Omftr`pulst`s ` dms iètmams y lfbmquls tr`ahohmf`dls shliprl mrhlft`fam d` orl`thvha`a ` alsoucrhr fulv`s `dtlrf`thv`s al `do`fz`r `do`fz` r dms @fàdhshs fuièrhom y mcjlthvms. O`p`oha`a p`r` `f`dhz`r, mre`fhz`r y rlsmdvlr oulsthmfls Mrhlft`ohÿf `d rlsudt`am. fuièrho`s, a`tms bhf`fohlrms, lst`aéstho`s y shihd`rls Lfbmo`fam ahogms `fàdhshs lf d` mctlfohÿf al dms rlsudt`ams, `otu`fam omf vldmoha`a y slftham al urelfoh` `ftl alohshmfls hipmrt`ftls, flols`rh`s p`r` suplr`r ` dms omiplthamrls, s`thsb`olr d`s Slspmfs`chdha`a y flolsha`als ald odhlftl, m iljmr`r d` mre`fhz`ohÿf.. Ls d` ahspmshohÿf al hipdho`rsl omf ahvlrsms prmolsms shlfam `utmomftrmd puftu`d, ouipdhlfam pd`zms, s`o`fam `ald`ftl prmylotms y plfs`fam shliprl lf ld chlf elflr`d al d` omip`ðé` `sleur`fam ld omftrmd smcrl iètmams, plrsmf`s y shtu`ohmfls. Bulftl: Ld`cmr`ohÿf prmph` c`s`a` lf ^ OHQ@QHMF Eut08 Td 8332 Y . <. [lrbh [lrbhdls dls Al O`rems O`rems [`r` Ld Àrl` O Omft`cdl mft`cdl y Bhf`fo Bhf`fohlr` hlr` Er Erupm upm B`i B`ihdh` hdh` _ _.@. .@. Al `oulram `d `fàdhshs al dms o`rems y ld imaldm al alsorhpohÿf al plrbhdls pmr omipltlfoh`, `omral `d i`fu`d al bufohmfls p`r` dms ou`trm o`rems sldloohmf`ams lf ld àrl` omft`chdha`a y bhf`fz`s sl g`f albhfham dms sheuhlftls o`rems: Ahrlotmr @aihfhstr`thvm y bhf`fohlrm, Ommrahf`amr al elsthÿf omrpmr`thv`, `slsmr juréahom y tlsmrlrm. [mr dm `ftlrhmr, sl prlslft`f dms imaldms p`r` d` albhfhohÿf al plrbhdls al o`a` ufm al dms o`rems. <.0 [lrbhd Ahrlotmr `aihfhstr`thvm y bhf`fohlrm [LSBHD AL O@SEM_ HALFQHBHO@OHMF ALD O@SEM Fmicrl ald o`rem 0; Ahrlotmr `aihfhstr`vm y bf`fohlrm EB- _.@ ;;0 [àehf` 0 al 1 Slvhshÿf 0 I`rzm al 3;30 Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems Dmo`ohÿf \fha`a al flemohms Jlbl hfilah`tm [lrsmf`d ` o`rem Cmemtà - Omdmich` _uours`d Erupm B`ihdh` Elrlftl Elflr`d @slsmr juréahom, Qlsmrlrm, Slspmfs`cdl al Elsÿf Omrpmr`v`. [SM[M_HQM [SHFOH[@D Hipdlilft`r tèofho`s tèofho`s y lstr`tleh`s lf ld i`rom al d`s pmdéo`s y ahrlotrhols omf ld bf al ouipdhr omf dms mcjlvms ihshmf`dls al d` liprls`. B\FOHMFL_ L_LFOH@DL_ A`r ouipdhihlftm ` d` ihshÿf, dms prhfohphms y v`dmrls mre`fhz`ohmf`dls Slohchr y a`r tràihtl ` d`s qulj`s prlslft`a`s lf d`s qul sl alsorhclf shtu`ohmfls qul pula`f omfstuhr `omsm d`cmr`d, `sé omim d`s prulc`s qul d` smpmrtlf. Ouipdhr omf d` pmdéo`s, rled`ilftms, fmri`s y prmolahihlftms vhelftls lf ld àrl` al alsliplðm [d`fl`r y prmylot`r d` prmauovha`a Omftrmd`r d` ljlouohÿf al dms pd`fls y prmer`i`s omf ld bf al `ohdht`r dms rloursms tèofhoms y gui`fms p`r` su rl`dhz`ohÿf. _uplrvhs`r d` ljlouohÿf y ld als`rrmddm al prmylotms [LSBHD ALD O@SEM Lauo`ohÿf [rmlshmf`d lf `aihfhstr`ohÿf al liprls`s, prmlshmf`d lf bf`fz`s y flemohms hftlrf`ohmf`dls. hftlrf`ohmf`dls. Bmri`ohÿf Lsploh`dhz`ohÿf lf @dt` Elrlfoh` m Elrlfoh` Bhf`fohlr`. Lsploh`dhz`ohÿf Qrls (?) `ðms al lxplrhlfoh` al dms ou`dls ufm (0) ls al lxplrhlfoh` prmlshmf`d y ams (3) `ðms al lxplrhlfoh` prmlshmf`d rld`ohmf`a` Lxplrhlfoh` Mtrms rlquhshtms ald lipdlm Q`rjlt` [rmlshmf`d lf dms o`sms slð`d`ams pmr d` Dly Bulftl: Ld`cmr`ohÿf prmph` <.3 [lrbhd Slspmfs`cdl al Elsthÿf Omrpmr`thv` EB- _.@ ;;3 [LSBHD AL O@SEM_ HALFQHBHO@OHMF ALD O@SEM Fmicrl ald o`rem Slspmfs`cdl al Elsÿf Omrpmr`v` Dmo`ohÿf Cmemtà - Omdmich` _lal prhfohp`d Ahrlotmr @aihfhstr`vm \fha`a al flemohms Jlbl hfilah`tm 00 [àehf` 3 al 1 Slvhshÿf 0 I`rzm al 3;30 Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems [lrsmf`d ` o`rem Jll al omftr`t`ohÿf, @uxhdh`rls `aihfhstr`vms y @slsmr juréahom [SM[M_HQM [SHFOH[@D Ahslð`r l hipdlilft`r pd`fls y prmylotms qul plriht`f d` `shef`ohÿf y alsf`ohÿf `alou`a` al dms rloursms. B\FOHMFL_ B\FOHMF L_ L_LFOH@DL_ Halfbo`r hal`s, pràoo`s y suelrlfoh`s qul pula`f `yua`r ` iljmr`r d` ljlouohÿf al dms rloursms. [rmer`i`r rlufhmfls ilfsu`dls p`r` `just`r d` lstr`tleh` ` dms pmshcdls o`ichms y `sleur`rsl al qul lf lstms lfoulftrms, sl i`flfl ld mom lf dms `suftms lstr`tèehoms smcrl dms tli`s mplr`vms omah`fms. Hipdlilft`r lstr`tleh`s qul dl plriht`f `cmra`r uf `fàdhshs t`ftm hftlrfm omim lxtlrfm al d` liprls`. B`vmrlolr d` ljlouohÿf al dm pd`fhbo`am, dmer`fam uf` `dhfl`ohÿf lftrl d` lstr`tleh` y dms prmolsms oréoms. Slfahr hfmrils ilfsu`dls smcrl ld als`rrmddm al d`s `ovha`als [LSBHD ALD O@SEM Lauo`ohÿf [rmlshmf`d lf `aihfhstr`ohÿf al liprls`s, prmlshmf`d lf bf`fz`s y flemohms hftlrf`ohmf`dls. hftlrf`ohmf`dls. Bmri`ohÿf Omfmohihlftms elflr`dls elflr`dls al d` omip`ðé` lf prmauotms, slrvhohms y prmolsm al `aquhshohÿf al chlfls. Lxplrhlfoh` Qrls (?) `ðms al lxplrhlfoh` al dms ou`dls ufm (0) ls al lxplrhlfoh` prmlshmf`d y ams (3) `ðms al lxplrhlfoh` prmlshmf`d rld`ohmf`a` Mtrms rlquhshtms ald lipdlm Q`rjlt` [rmlshmf`d lf dms o`sms slð`d`ams pmr d` Dly Bulftl: Ld`cmr`ohÿf prmph` <.? [lrbhd @slsmr Juréahom [LSBHD AL O@SEM_ HALFQHBHO@OHMF ALD O@SEM Fmicrl ald o`rem Dmo`ohÿf \fha`a al flemohms Jlbl hfilah`tm [lrsmf`d ` o`rem 03 @slsmr Juréahom Cmemtà - Omdmich` _lal prhfohp`d Ahrlotmr @aihfhstr`vm F/@ EB- _.@ ;;? [àehf` ? al 1 Slvhshÿf 0 I`rzm al 3;30 Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems [SM[M_HQM [SHFOH[@D @slsmr`r ` d` Liprls` lf d`s shtu`ohmfls qul ld jll hfilah`tm omfshalrl plrfl plrflftl, ftl, `aliàs al rlprlslft`ohÿf smohlt`rh` al d` mre`fhz`ohÿf. B\FOHMFL_ L_LFOH@DL_ @slsmr`r y `omip`ð`r ` d` liprls` lf d`s rlufhmfls qul sl rlquhlr` pmr p`rtl al d` juft` ahrlov`, prmylot`fam `otms `aihfhstr`vms y smohlt`rhms ou`fam `sé sl ahspmfe`. _lrvhr al `pmym lsploh`dhz`am ` d` mbohf` juréaho` lf rlprlslft`ohÿf juahoh`d, ou`fam d` omipdljha`a ald o`sm dm `ilrhtl y `pmy`fam omfolptu`dilftl omfolptu`dilftl omf `slsmré` lf dhfl`ihlftms al allfs` juahoh`d. Sl`dhz`r d` rlvhshÿf ` tma` d` amouilft`ohÿf, vhs`fam dms amouilftms qul hferlslf ` d` liprls` lf tli`s al omftr`t`ohÿf al `aquhshohÿf al chlfls y slrvhohms. @shsr y `pmy`r ` d` liprls` lf ahlrlftls lsolf`rhms qul tlfe`f rld`ohÿf ahrlot` omf su ihshÿf y vhshÿf liprls`rh`d, amfal sl rlquhlr` al `omip`ð`ihlftm juréahom, tèofhom y `aihfhstr`vm lf ou`dquhlr p`rtl ald tlrrhtmrhm f`ohmf`d l hftlrf`ohmf`d. Sl`dhz`r sleuhihlftm y rlvhshÿf al prmolsms omftr`otu`dls lf dms qul d` liprls` pula` p`rohp`r y d` sucsheuhlftl prlslft`ohÿf prlslft`ohÿf al prmpulst`s y tràihtls omftr`otu`dls qul omfsmdhal dms hftlrlsls al d` liprls`. [LSBHD ALD O@SEM Lauo`ohÿf Bmri`ohÿf Lxplrhlfoh` Mtrms rlquhshtms ald lipdlm [rmlshmf`d lf Alrlogm lsploh`dhz`am lf tli`s al alrlogm @aihfhstr`vm, omfstuohmf`d. Omfmohihlftmss lf d` omfstuohÿf dle`d y prmolsms al `aquhshohÿf al Omfmohihlftm chlfls lf d` ihsi`. Iéfhi` al (?) trls `ðms lf slrvhohms púcdhoms amihohdh`rhms m alrlogm `aihfhstr`vm, omfstuohmf`d m lf ld alsliplðm al o`rems rld`ohmf`ams Q`rjlt` [rmlshmf`d lf dms o`sms slð`d`ams pmr d` Dly Bulftl: Ld`cmr`ohÿf prmph` <.1 [lrbhd ald Qlsmrlrm [LSBHD AL O@SEM_ HALFQHBHO@OHMF ALD O@SEM Fmicrl ald o`rem Dmo`ohÿf \fha`a al flemohms Jlbl hfilah`tm [lrsmf`d ` o`rem Qlsmrlrm Cmemtà - Omdmich` _lal prhfohp`d Ahrlotmr @aihfhstr`vm F/@ [SM[M_HQM [SHFOH[@D 0? EB- _.@ ;;1 [àehf` ? al 1 Slvhshÿf 0 I`rzm al 3;30 Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems Ahrhehr y ommrahf`r ld prmolsm al rlo`uam al hferlsms al d` lfa`a, `sé omim ld p`em pmr dms ahlrlftls omfolptms, al `oulram omf d`s fmri`s y prmolahihlftms prmolahihlf tms lst`cdlohams lf t`d i`tlrh`. B\FOHMFL_ L_LFOH@DL_ Ommrahf`r d` ljlouohÿf, lftrle` y rlohcm al dms ahflrms omrrlspmfahlftls ` dms alpÿshtms al dms odhlftls. Ommrahf`r omf d` elrlfoh` d` hfvlrshÿf al dms lxolalftls al dhquhalz cuso`fam d` i`ymr rlft`chdha`a p`r` d` liprls`, `omral omf d`s dlyls, fmri`s vhelftls, fmri`s al sleurha`a y e`r`fz`fam su ahspmfhchdha`a ahspmfhchdh a`a mpmrtuf` p`r` d` ljlouohÿf al d`s mplr`ohmfls. Ld`cmr`r, prlslft`r y sustlft`r dms hfmrils al elsÿf mpmrtufms `d suplrhmr hfilah`tm y ljlrolr ld omftrmd Hftlrfm ald Àrl` al Qlsmrlré` Ahrhehr y suplrvhs`r ld i`fljm y oustmah` al tmams dms ahflrms y tudms v`dmrls qul hferlslf ` d` liprls`. Ommrahf`r omf ld erupm al elsÿf bf`fohlr` y `aihfhstr`v` d` omfohdh`ohÿf omfohdh`ohÿf al d`s oulft`s c`fo`rh`s al d` liprls`. [LSBHD ALD O@SEM Lauo`ohÿf Bmri`ohÿf Lxplrhlfoh` Mtrms rlquhshtms ald lipdlm Qétudm ufhvlrsht`rhm lf Lomfmié`, @aihfhstr`ohÿf al Liprls`s, Omft`auré`, bf`fohlr` m ahsohpdhf`s `o`aèiho`s `bfls. [rllrhcdlilftll Qhtudm al lsploh`dhz`ohÿf lf bf`fz`s m @aihfhstr`ohÿf [rllrhcdlilft [úcdho`. Lxplrhlfoh` prmlshmf`d al Ams (3) `ðms. Q`rjlt` [rmlshmf`d lf dms o`sms slð`d`ams pmr d` Dly Bulftl: Ld`cmr`ohÿf prmph`. 01 Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems 2. Omfod mfodus ushhmf mfls ls Omf ld als`rrmddm y `fàdhshs al d` prlslftl `othvha`a, glims omfoduham qul ls bufa`ilft`d lf tma`s d`s liprls`s, ld tlflr od`rm ld ahslðm l hipdlilft`ohÿf al uf imaldm al plrbhd al o`rems, omf ld bhf al omftrhcuhr `d ouipdhihlftm al dms mcjlthvms al d` liprls` y d` lbhohlfoh`, lbho`oh` y lblothvha`a al sus omd`cmr`amrls. [mr lfal, ls hipmrt`ftl rls`dt`r qul d` alplfalfoh` lfo`re`a` al ljlout`r dms prmolsms al sldloo sld loohÿf hÿf ald plrsmf plrsmf`d, `d, alcl tlflr tlflr uf dhalr dhalr`zem `zem plri`f plri`flftl lftl l hipdli hipdlilft lft`r `r lstr`t lstr`tleh leh`s `s qul plriht`f omfslrv`r uf odhi` d`cmr`d lxhtmsm y uf omftlxtm mre`fhz`ohmf`d `omral omf ld als`rrmddm al d`s bufohmfls al dms omd`cmr`amrls omf ld bhf al als`rrmdd`r ld slftham al plrtlflfoh` lf dms ihsims. Fm mcst`ftl, d`s omipltlfoh`s d`cmr`dls smf hfahsouthcdlilftl hfahsplfs`cdls lf d`s liprls`s, lst`s dl a`f uf v`dmr `erle`am `d àrl` al elsthÿf ald t`dlftm gui`fm, plrihthlfam ld `solfsm `solfs m al dms lipdl`ams, lipdl`ams, uf` sldloohÿf sldloohÿf al plrsmf`d plrsmf`d lquht`thv`, lquht`thv`, `sé omim d` sldloohÿf sldloohÿf ald plrbhd plrbhd `omral `d o`rem y ` d`s omipltlfoh`s. 0< Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems Ls hipmrt`ftl rls`dt`r qul tma` liprls` alcl omfshalr`r prmolsms al ld`cmr`ohÿf al plrbhdls al o`rems, dms ou`dls alclf lst`r pdlf`ilftl amouilft`ams y smpmrt`ams, ls alohr sl alcl elflr`r d` flolsha`a ald o`rem, alst`o`fam d`s g`chdha`als y alstrlz`s al o`a` omd`cmr`amr, amfal fm smdm sl halfthbhqulf dms ahsthftms `splotms omim dms lstuahms y lxplrhlfoh` d`cmr`d, shfm ld alt`dd`am al d`s omipltlfoh`s rlqulrha`s p`r` oucrhr d` v`o`ftl. 02 Elsthÿf ald Q`dlftm Gui`fm - ljl 3: Lstruotur`ohÿf ald plrbhd al o`rems Slblrlfoh`s Olihmt. (3;08). Altlrihf`ohÿf l Hftler`ohmf pmr omipltlfoh`s. [`ehf` wlc . Slouplr`am ld ;0 al I`rzm al 3;30, al gps://www.olihmt.omi/hfho gps://www.olihmt.omi/hfhohm/omfsudtmrh`-ls hm/omfsudtmrh`-lsploh`dhz`a`/`rl ploh`dhz`a`/`rl`s-al-`pmym/ah `s-al-`pmym/ahslfmslfmal-plrbdls-al-o`rems-y-rmdls/ B`ihdh`, E. (3;07). Puhlfls _mims. [`ehf` Ulc. Slouplr`am ld ;0 al I`rzm al 3;30, al gps://www.erupm`ihdh`.omi.o gps://www.erupm `ihdh`.omi.om/ls/[`ehf`s/al m/ls/[`ehf`s/al`udt.`spx `udt.`spx Eulrrlz, L. (3;08). Ld plrbd pmr omipltlfoh`s. @roudm. Slouplr`am ld ;0 al I`rzm al 3;30, al gps://www.elsmf.mre/od`shbo`oh gps://www.els mf.mre/od`shbo`ohmf-al-d`s-lxhstl mf-al-d`s-lxhstlfoh`s-sleuf-su-u foh`s-sleuf-su-ufohmf/ fohmf/ Euzi`f, @. (3;3;). Hfelfhm & omfsudtmré` smduohÿf al elsÿf liprls`rh`d. [`ehf` wlc. Slouplr`am ld ;? al I`rzm al 3;30, al gp://www.hfelfhmyomfsudtmrh`.omi/fuls gp://www.hfelfhmyomfsudtmrh`.omi/fulstr`-liprls`/ tr`-liprls`/ [lrlz, M. (3;08). Elsÿf ald t`dlftm gui`fm lf d` liprls` y su hipmrt`foh`. Cdme. Slouplr`am ld ;0 al I`rzm al 3;30, al gps://cdme.plmpdlflxt.omi gps://cdme.plmpdlflxt.omi.ix/elsmf-ald-t`dl .ix/elsmf-ald-t`dlftm-gui`fm-lf-d ftm-gui`fm-lf-d`-liprls``-liprls`y-su-hipmrt`foh` _`foglz, @. (3;3;). @FÀDH_H_ X AH_LÐM AH_LÐM ALD [\L_QM AL QS@C@JM. @roudm. Slouplr`am ld ;? al I`rzm al 3;30, al gp://l`orlolr.omi/omi gp://l`orlolr.omi/omilft`rhms/`f`dhsh lft`rhms/`f`dhshs-ahslfm-ald-pul s-ahslfm-ald-pulstm-tr`c`jm/ stm-tr`c`jm/ 05
