4) Siembra 2015. Entre el precio, la rentabilidad y la lluvia

6LHPEUD(QWUHHOSUHFLR
ODUHQWDELOLGDG\ODOOXYLD
(F0DUtD1RHO6DQJXLQHWWL9H]]RVR
*HUHQWH*HQHUDO
$VRFLDFLyQ&XOWLYDGRUHVGH$UUR]
6LKXERDOJRTXHFDUDFWHUL]yDODVLHPEUDTXHDFDEDGHIL
QDOL]DUSDUDHVWD]DIUDKDQVLGRODVGLILFXOWDGHV
SURGXFWRGHODVOOXYLDVLQWHQVDVTXHLPSLGLHURQDYDQ]DUHQ
ODPLVPD&DGDGtDORVSURGXFWRUHVGHWRGRHOSDtVHVWDEDQ
D OD HVSHUD GH XQRV GtDV GH VRO TXH SHUPLWLHUDQ DYDQ]DU
3HURDVXYH]HOFRPSRUWDPLHQWRIXHEDVWDQWHGLVSDUDOR
ODUJR GH WRGR HO SDtV \ VH DEULHURQ DOJXQDV YHQWDQDV TXH
SHUPLWLHURQDYDQFHVFRPRIXHHOFDVRGHOD]RQDGH5RFKD
\7UHLQWD\7UHVSHURHQHOFDVRGHO1RUWHSRUHMHPSORODV
GLILFXOWDGHVIXHURQPD\RUHV&RQVXOWDPRVDORV,QJHQLHURV
UHVSRQVDEOHVGHODViUHDVGHSURGXFFLyQGHWUHVGHORVPiV
JUDQGHV PROLQRV DUURFHURV SDUD TXH QRV GLHUDQ VX SDQR
UDPDUHVSHFWRDODVLHPEUD/HVDJUDGHFHPRVHOWLHPSRH
LQIRUPDFLyQ D ORV ,QJV $JUV 'DQLHO *RQQHW GH &DVDURQH
$JURLQGXVWULDO*RQ]DOR5RYLUDGH&RRSDU\5DXO8UDJDGH
6DPDQ/DVFRQVXOWDVIXHURQUHDOL]DGDVHQODVHPDQDGHO
DOGHQRYLHPEUH
,QWHQFLyQ\DYDQFHGHODVLHPEUD
(QWRGRVORVFDVRVODLQWHQVLyQGHVLHPEUDVHIXHDMXVWDQGRD
ODEDMDFXDQGRODVOOXYLDVQRGHMDEDQDYDQ]DU\VHUHWRPDEDQ
FXDQGRVHDEUtDXQDYHQWDQDGHVRO&RPHQWDHO,QJ8UDJD
TXHODLQWHQFLyQGH6$0$1DLQLFLRGHOSHUtRGRGHVLHP
EUD HUD GH KiV $O GtD GH OD FRQVXOWD HVWDEDQ FRQ
XQiUHDHVSHUDGDGHKiV\SRVLEOHPHQWHHVWRWHQJD
QXHYRVDMXVWHVVLHOWLHPSRFRQWLQ~DFRPSOLFDQGR$OGH
QRYLHPEUHWHQtDQXQGHDYDQFH3RUVXSDUWHHO,QJ
*RQQHWQRVFRPHQWDTXHOD,QWHQFLyQGHVLHPEUD&DVDURQH
IXHGHKiVFRQXQDMXVWHGHLQWHQFLyQGHVLHPEUD
KiV PHQRV\DODPLVPDIHFKDOOHYDEDQXQDYDQFHGH
(O,QJ5RYLUDDILUPDTXHODSULPHUDDSUR[LPDFLyQGH
',&,(0%5(
iUHDGH&RRSDUIXHGHKiVDVHSWLHPEUHKR\HVWD
PRVHQKiVDSUR[(OUHVXOWDGRILQDOGHLQFUHPHQWR
VHKDGDGRSRUSDVDMHGHiUHDGHVRMDSDUDDUUR]DOJXQRV
DUUHQGDPLHQWRVTXHVHFRQILUPDURQOXHJRGHVHSWLHPEUH
(ODYDQFHGHVLHPEUDSDUDORVSURGXFWRUHVGH&RRSDUHUD
GH
3ULQFLSDOHVGLILFXOWDGHVOOXYLDV\DxR1LxRSUHFLRVUHQ
WDELOLGDG«
&RQVXOWDPRVDORVWpFQLFRVHQUHODFLyQDFXDOHVKDQVLGRODV
SULQFLSDOHVGLILFXOWDGHVGDGRTXHODVOOXYLDV\HODxR1LxRVH
VXPDURQDODVGLILFXOWDGHVHQWpUPLQRVGHSUHFLRV\UHQWD
ELOLGDGGHOVHFWRU
«HOSUREOHPDKDVLGRHOFOLPD
7RGRVORVWpFQLFRVFRLQFLGHQTXHHOJUDQSUREOHPDKDVLGRHO
FOLPD3DUD8UDJD´«WDQWRHVDVtTXHODLQWHQFLyQGHVLHP
EUDGH6$0$1HVPD\RUHVWHDxRTXHHODxRSDVDGRORTXH
PXHVWUDFODUDPHQWHTXHVLELHQORVSUHFLRVKDQEDMDGR\OD
UHQWDELOLGDGHVWiFRPSURPHWLGDORVDUURFHURVWLHQHQXQD
HVWUXFWXUDGHPiTXLQDULD\GHSHUVRQDVTXHKDFHTXHODV
GHFLVLRQHVGHVLHPEUDRQRVLHPEUDVHDQFRQVLGHUDGDVHQ
XQ DQiOLVLV GH ODUJR SOD]R $GHPiV HO VHFWRU LQWHJUDGR GD
XQDFLHUWDSURWHFFLyQDOQHJRFLR\KDGHPRVWUDGRHQYDULDV
RFDVLRQHV TXH HQ ORV DxRV FRPSOLFDGRV VH EXVFDQ KHUUD
PLHQWDVSDUDPDQWHQHUVHHQHOQHJRFLR(VWHDxRFRPSD
UDWLYDPHQWHFRQODVRWUDVDOWHUQDWLYDVHODUUR]VHPXHVWUD
FRPRXQDRSFLyQPiVHVWDEOH\SRFRULHVJRVDORTXHVRQ
DUJXPHQWRVGHDOWRSHVRUHODWLYRFXDQGRVHYLYHQSHUtRGRV
EXVFDGRODFRQWLQXLGDGGHODViUHDVGHFXOWLYRFRPRIRUPD
GHPDQWHQHUODFDGHQDDUPDGDSHVHDORGHVIDYRUDEOHGHOD
VLWXDFLyQ8QDYH]LQLFLDGDOD]DIUDODPD\RUGLILFXOWDGVHKD
GDGRSRUHOFOLPDOOXYLDV\IULRPD\RUHVFRVWRVHQDOJXQD
iUHDUHVHPEUDGDSRGHUDWHQGHUFDPELRVGHYDULHGDGHVD
QLYHOGHFXOWLYRHQILQXQDVHULHGHGHFLVLRQHVTXHYDQGHOD
PDQRGHOFOLPDµ
$WUDVRHQODVLHPEUD\VHUHWRPDODFDUUHUDFXDQGRVDOH
HOVRO
6HGLFHTXHHVODVLHPEUDPiVGHPRUDGDHQORV~OWLPRV
RDxRV4XHRSLQDQDOUHVSHFWRORVWpFQLFRV6HJ~Q8UD
JD´DUUDQFyVLHQGRODVLHPEUDPiVGHPRUDGD\OOHJDPRVDO
GHODPLVPDHQODIHFKDPiVWDUGtDGHODV~OWLPDV«
SHURHQOD]DIUDHO~OWLPRWHUFLRIXHPX\DWUDVDGR\
TXHGyHO~OWLPRSDUDGLFLHPEUH3RUWDQWRVLELHQQR
HVWiWRGRGLFKRTXL]iVHO~OWLPRWHUFLRQRVHDWDQDWUDVDGR
\ SRU WDQWR VL GHMD DYDQ]DU HVWRV GtDV WHUPLQDUtD VLHQGR
OD VHJXQGD SHRU ]DIUD HQ IXQFLyQ GHO SHUILO GH VLHPEUDµ
,QJ$JUR5D~O8UDJD
0LHQWUDVTXHSDUD*RQQHW´GHDFXHUGRDQXHVWURVGDWRV
,QJ$JUR5D~O8UDJD
HQODV~OWLPDV]DIUDV\WRPDQGRFRPRIHFKDGHDYDQFH
GHVLHPEUDHOGHQRYLHPEUHHVWDHVODSHRUVLHPEUDµ
5RYLUDSRUVXSDUWHQRVGLFHTXH´FRQVLGHUDQGRHOSHULRGR
GHVGH OD ]DIUD KDVWD OD SRU ORV UHJLVWURV HV
OD ]DIUD PiV GHPRUDGD /RV LQGLFDGRUHV TXH WHQHPRV HQ
FXHQWD SDUD UHDOL]DU HVWD DILUPDFLyQ VRQ 0HQRU GH
iUHDVHPEUDGDDILQGHRFWXEUHGHODVHULH0HQRU
FRPRHVWHPDQWHQHUVHHVXQORJURHQVtµ
GHiUHDVHPEUDGDDFXPXODGDDOGHODVHULH
*RQQHWDQDOL]DODVGLILFXOWDGHVGLIHUHQFLDQGRGRVPRPHQ
&RQILUPDTXHGHODVHULHHVOD]DIUDFRQPD\RUFRQFHQ
WRV3RUXQODGRDQWHVGHODVLHPEUD´GHELGRDODEDMDHQ
WUDFLyQGHVLHPEUDGHOFXOWLYRHQQRYLHPEUH&RLQFLGRFRQ
ORVSUHFLRV\DODVSUR\HFFLRQHVGHDxR´1LxRµ(VWRVVRQ
5D~OTXHOD]DIUDIXHODVPiVH[WUHPDFRQXQGHO
GRVIDFWRUHVTXHFRPSURPHWHQHOSRWHQFLDOGHSURGXFFLyQ
iUHDVHPEUDGDHQGLFLHPEUHµ
3DUDHVWRDILUPDTXH&DVDURQH´DQDOL]yFDVRDFDVRODVLWXD
FLyQHFRQyPLFRILQDQFLHUDGHFDGDSURGXFWRU\GHQWURGH
/RVPiVDIHFWDGRV
FDGDXQRODViUHDVTXHVHSRGtDQKDFHUµ3RURWUDSDUWHHQ
ODHWDSDGHVLHPEUDFRPHQWDTXH´ODVOOXYLDV\HQSDUWLFXODU
ORVSURGXFWRUHVPiVDIHFWDGRV
ODVGLIHUHQFLDVHQWUH]RQDVTXHSUHVHQWyHVWDYDULDEOHµ
KDQVLGRORVGHO1RUWHGHOSDtV
5RYLUD HQ OD PLVPD OtQHD GHVWDFD TXH ´KD VLGR XQD ]DIUD
FRPSOHMDHQVXSODQLILFDFLyQSRUORVPRWLYRVTXHVHPHQ
FLRQDQ(QOD(PSUHVDKDSULPDGRHOHQIRTXHDODUJRSOD]R (Q HVWD UHDOLGDG GH GLILFXOWDGHV QRV SUHJXQWDPRV FXDOHV
VHKDWUDEDMDGRPX\GHFHUFDFRQORVSURGXFWRUHV\VHKD KDQVLGRORVSURGXFWRUHVPiVDIHFWDGRV\VLH[LVWHQGLIH
',&,(0%5(
UHQWHV VLWXDFLRQHV UHVSHFWR D OD XELFDFLyQ JHRJUiILFD GH
ODVFKDFUDV'HDFXHUGRDOWpFQLFRGH6DPDQDODWHUFHUD
VHPDQDGHOPHVGHQRYLHPEUHHODWUDVRPiVLPSRUWDQWH
HVWiHQHOQRUWHGHOSDtV$UWLJDVGRQGHHODYDQFHHVGHO
\ DGHPiV VLJXH OORYLHQGR \ FRQ SURQyVWLFRV SDUD
QDGDDOHQWDGRUHV'HHVWDIRUPDVHSXHGHDILUPDUTXHHO
SHRUSHUILOGHVLHPEUDHVWiSDUDORVSURGXFWRUHVGHOQRU
WH
(Q HO FDVR GH &DVDURQH ORV SURGXFWRUHV PiV DIHFWDGRV
WDPELpQVRQORVGHO1RUWHGHO3DtV(Q$UWLJDVDODPLVPD
IHFKDWHQtDQXQDYDQFHGHVLHPEUDGHGHODVKDVHV
SHUDGDV /D VHJXQGD ]RQD FRQ SUREOHPDV GH VLHPEUD HV
5tR%UDQFR\HO1RUWHGH&HUUR/DUJR
3RUVXSDUWHODVUHDOLGDGHVGH&RRSDUHVWiQPiVFRQFHQ
WUDGDVDOHVWH(QHOWUDPRILQDOGHODVLHPEUD5LR%UDQFR
TXHGRXQSRFRPiVUH]DJDGDHQHODYDQFHGHVLHPEUDSRU
PD\RUHVDFXPXODGRVGHOOXYLDHQQRYLHPEUHTXHHQ5R
FKD$JUHJDPRVWDPELpQTXHHQ5RFKDKXERTXHUHVHP
EUDU FDVL XQ GHO iUHD TXH KDEtD VLGR VHPEUDGD HQ
VHSWLHPEUHSRUODVH[FHVLYDVOOXYLDVGHRFWXEUH\OD
IDOWDGHWHPSHUDWXUD(QRWUDVVLWXDFLRQHVKXERSURGXF
WRUHV TXH WXYLHURQ TXH DEDQGRQDU iUHDV GH FXOWLYR TXH
HVWDEDHQODLQFLGHQFLDGHOD/DJXQD0HUtQRHQHOPHMRU
GHORVFDVRVFDPELDUGHFDPSR
(VWUDWHJLDVSDUDVDOYDUGLILFXOWDGHV
6HJ~QHOWpFQLFRGH6DPDQ´ODPD\RUtDGHORVSURGXFWR
UHV WRPy SUHFDXFLRQHV HVSHFLDOHV FRQ ORV GUHQDMHV DX
PHQWDQGRODGHQVLGDGGHGUHQDMHVHQODVFKDFUDVUHVSHFWR
DORXVXDO\DTXHORVSURQyVWLFRVLQGLFDEDQFODUDPHQWHXQD
SULPDYHUDPX\OOXYLRVDµ$JUHJDTXHHQHVWHFRQWH[WRODV
',&,(0%5(
HVWUDWHJLDV VH FHQWUDURQ HQ DGH
ODQWR GH VLHPEUD DXPHQWR GH OD
FDSDFLGDG GH VLHPEUD FRQWUDWD
FLyQ GH VHPEUDGRUDV DXPHQWR
GH ORV WXUQRV GH VLHPEUD KV
VLHPEUD GLIHULU HO IHUWLOL]DQWH
GHODVHPLOODSDUDLUPiVUiSLGR\
VLHPEUDDYROHRHQDOJXQRVFDVRV
(QHOFDVRGH&DVDURQHODVHVWUD
WHJLDV SDUD PLQLPL]DU ORV SUREOH
PDV VH KDQ FRQFHQWUDGR HQ UH
XQLRQHV FRQ SURGXFWRUHV SUHYLR
D OD VLHPEUD SDUD DQWLFLSDU REV
WiFXORV WRPDQGR FRPR EDVH ORV
SURQyVWLFRV \ GHILQLHQGR SODQ GH
WUDEDMR /DV SULQFLSDOHV SURSXHV
WDVIXHURQSULRUL]DUGUHQDMHVPL
QLPL]DU ODERUHV GH SUHSDUDFLyQ
DXPHQWDU FDSDFLGDG GH VLHPEUD
DMXVWDUWLHPSRVGHQLYHODFLyQSDUD
HYLWDUGHVIDVDMHVVLHPEUDWDLSDV
/DVHVWUDWHJLDVSDUDPLQLPL]DUSUREOHPDV
VHEDVDQVLHPSUHHQHOWUDEDMRFRQORV
SURGXFWRUHV
(QHOFDVRGH&RRSDUVHUHDOL]DURQUHXQLRQHVFRQORVSUR
GXFWRUHVSUHYLRDODVLHPEUDLQIRUPDQGRODVSHUVSHFWLYDV
FOLPiWLFDVSDUD21'FRQXQ1LxRIXHUWHGRQGHLEDQD
H[LVWLUSHUtRGRVPX\UHVWULQJLGRVSDUDHOODERUHRGHVXH
ORV \ VLHPEUD 6H PDQHMDURQ GHFLVLRQHV GH PDQHMR PiV
LPSRUWDQWHVSDUDORJUDUXQLPSDFWREHQHILFLRVRHQHVWRV
FDVRVPXFKRVGUHQDMHVSULPDULRV\VHFXQGDULRVUHGXF
FLyQGHWDUHDVFRQPD\RUXVRGHJOLIRVUHIRU]DUHTXLSRV
VREUHWRGRFDSDFLGDGGHVLHPEUDVHDHQOtQHDRDOYROHR\
RWUDVPHGLGDVPiV
¢&yPRVHHVWLPDTXHVHUiHOUHQGLPLHQWRGHODFRVH
FKD"
´£1LLGHD6RGHXVVDEHµIXHHOSULPHUFRPHQWDULRGH5D~O
8UDJD5HVSHFWRDORVSRVLEOHVUHQGLPLHQWRVGHODFRVHFKD
QRVFRPHQWDTXHVLELHQKD\XQHVWXGLRGH]DIUDVKDVWD
RVHDTXHQRHVWiDFWXDOL]DGRTXHLQGLFDTXHFXDQ
GRHOQLxRHVGHJUDQPDJQLWXGGHPiVGHƒ&GHFDOHQ
WDPLHQWRHOUHQGLPLHQWRVHYHUHGXFLGRHQSHUR
HVWDVDILUPDFLRQHVVRQWHQGHQFLDV\QRQHFHVDULDPHQWHVH
FXPSOHQWRGRVORVDxRVFRQHVWDVFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV(QFRQ
FUHWRHOHTXLSRGH6DPDQHVSHUDXQD]DIUDPHGLDDEDMDHQ
SURPHGLR/RV~OWLPRVDQWHFHGHQWHVGHDxRV´1LxRµVRQ
ODV]DIUDV\FRQUHQGLPLHQWRVHQEDVHDGD
WRV GH $&$ GH \ EROVDVKi UHVSHFWLYDPHQ
WH 3RU VX SDUWH *RQQHW
UHDILUPD OD LGHD DQWHULRU
HVSHUDQGRXQD]DIUDPHGLD
DEDMDHQSURPHGLR5RYLUD
FRPHQWD TXH HQ EDVH D OD
VHULH KLVWyULFD GH FXUYDV
GH DMXVWH GH UHQGLPLHQ
WR FRQ IHFKDV GH VLHPEUD
HVWi FODUR TXH QRV HQFD
PLQDPRV D XQD UHGXFFLyQ
GHORVUHQGLPLHQWRVVDOYR
TXH HO FOLPD QRV UHSLWD OD
VRUSUHVD GHO DxR SDVDGR
SDUD IHEUHUR \ PDU]R
(VWDV HVWLPDFLRQHV SUHGL
FHQ UHGXFFLRQHV GH KDVWD
XQ GH UHQGLPLHQWR
PHGLRHQODPHGLGDTXHOD
VLHPEUDVHDWUDVDGHOGH
RFWXEUH(QOD]DIUDIXHGHEOVKi\HQOD
VHOOHJyDEOVKi(ODXPHQWRGHiUHDTXHVHUHDOL]y
REHGHFHXQSRFRDHVWDSHUVSHFWLYDGHEDMDHQORVUHQGL
PLHQWRVEXVFDQGRTXHHOWRQHODMHWRWDOGHOD(PSUHVDQR
VHUHVLHQWDWDQWR
6HHVSHUDXQD]DIUDPHGLDHQEDMDHQ
SURPHGLR
2SLQLyQJHQHUDO«
8UDJD´+D\TXHDJXDQWDUHOFKDSDUUyQ(Q6$0$1
KD\ XQ GLFKR GH 'RQ 5LFDUGR )HUUHV TXH GLFH TXH
&XDQGR OD QRFKH VH KDFH PiV RVFXUD HV FXDQGR VH
DFHUFDHODPDQHFHUµ
,QJ$
*RQQHW´(QIUHQWDPRVXQDxRFRQGHVDItRVLPSRUWDQ
WHVHQORHFRQyPLFR\SURGXFWLYR(QWHQGHPRVTXHHV
SDUWHGHXQFLFORTXHYDDVHU~WLOSDUDUHDOL]DUDMXVWHV
\DFXPXODUH[SHULHQFLDVGHFDUDDIXWXUDV]DIUDVTXH
HVSHUDPRVPHMRUHVµ
5RYLUD´0HXQRDOGHORVFROHJDVKD\TXHDJXDQWDU\
VDFDUH[SHULHQFLDV$JUDGRFRQODUHVSXHVWDTXHKXER
SRU SDUWH GH ORV SURGXFWRUHV FRQ XQD FDSDFLGDG GH
DYDQFH GLDULD GH VLHPEUD PX\ LPSRUWDQWH SXGLHQGR
DSURYHFKDUGHODPHMRUPDQHUDODYHQWDQDTXHQRVGLR
QRYLHPEUHSRUHVWDV]RQDVµ
',&,(0%5(