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10/15/2015 6:34:14 PM
ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
10/15/2015 6:34:14 PM
ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Political Science
Studies the power relations that appear in
every human group or society BUT at a
State level.
This science analyze the distribution,
consolidation and, consequences of the
Political Power.
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
POWER
• Is the capacity to modify others
actions.
• Is a struggle between freedon and
order.
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Theoretical Evolution
Greece gave birth to this science,
though at that time it was considere
more as an art.
At the very beginning the political
behavior was close related to ethics.
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Theoretical Evolution
Greeks created a very developed
system of social organization based
on the principle that all citizens were
capable of self-governing.
They governed themselves according to
a social division and created the
State-cities
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Theoretical Evolution
During Middle Ages
• power linked to the possession of
and wealth
• conflict between spiritual and
secular power
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Theoretical Evolution
Machiavelli
Considered as the father of this Science
because he liberated the political
actions from any moral or ethical
remorse
He worked as an advisor and wrote his
suggestions in the “Prince”
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Theoretical Evolution
• The goal justifies the means to reach it
• Is better to be feared than to be loved
• The “dirty work” must be done by
others
• Beware of you friends and destroy you
enemies
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Theoretical Evolution
Jean Bodin gave the principles of
sovereignty, understood as the Supreme
Power.
During the 16th centrury this power was in
the King’s hands nowadays it stands on
the citizens’ side.
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Theoretical Evolution
With the concept of sovereignty appeared
the conflict between:
Government
Government
of
vs
of
Men
Laws
Every authority must be submitted to the
norms.
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Theoretical Evolution
Motesquieu established in Spirit of the
Laws the division of the political power
to achieve an equilibrium.
Legislative, Executive, Judicial
This division only works when each one
decides independently
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Theoretical Evolution
Rousseau thought that the rights
and duties of each member of the
society had to established in a
Social Contract.
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Types Power
• Authority.- is impersonal, can be
traditional or legal-rational.
• Influence.- when power is executed in
an indirect way. Persuade rather than
force.
• Resource control-. when power comes
with the possession of something
considered valuable.
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Distribution of Power
Elite model
Control by few persons because it is
asumed that masses are aphatic and
uninformed, so they do not participate.
Linked to Oligarchy
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Distribution of Power
Pluralistic model
Power spread along many social groups.
Like in democracy where everyone has
the possibility to use its power through
the social organizations
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Ideology
A set of concepts structured in ideas,
values and, principles that reflect the
way interaction happens in a certain
group.
Is the result of the fight between those
who want to maintain the status quo
and those who want new ideas.
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Leadership
Capacity to be followed by others as the
“axis” of the group.
Almost all the leaders try to transmit an
ideology. There are:
• Functional leaders
• Charismatic leaders
• Pseudo-charismatic leaders
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
State
Is the legal and political institution
created to organized the social life
of a group.
The State is formed by the population,
a territory and, a government
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
State
The State can be understood:
• as an institution to guarantee the
general interest
• as a way to control and maintain the
power, keeping it away from others
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
State
Responsabilities of the State:
• Social.- giving leadership
• Economic.- establish rules for the
correct and fair distribution of wealth
• Judicial.- the State has to watch over
the security of the society.
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Nation
Group of persons that feel bound by any
element like religion, a common
historical background, language, etc.
Is very common to find many nations in
one State but modern States have to
find the way to turn themselves into
Nation-States
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Government
Is the instrument of the State where
the decisions are taken.
The government represents the
sovereignty of the State.
A parliamentary regime works mainly
through the legislative power.
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Political Parties
• Help in molding a public opinion
• They are part of the public expression
• They are a channel of communication
with the government
• Give legitimacy to the regime
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Interest Groups
• Any social group that can put preassure
over the government’s decisions
• They DON’T want the political power
• They have a partial vision
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ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO
Interest Groups
• Workers’ unions, bureaucracy, army,
lobbyists, etc. are examples of interest
groups
• They use negotiation, intimidation,
boicot, terrorism, strikes, etc.
• Modern interest groups are liked to the
economic power.
10/15/2015 6:34:14 PM
ROMULO MERINO VALLECILLO