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Index Note: Page numbers in italicss denote figures. PY RI GH TE D MA TE RI AL Abscess microbiology sample collection, 188 superficial, 739 Absorber, 839 Acanthocytes (spur cell), 166, 171, CP-14 ACE inhibitors, 429 Acemannan, 572 Aceproject. See Acepromazine Acepromazine, 788, 819 Acepromazine maleate, 670 Acetaminophen, 459, 553, 788 Acetazolamide, 788 Acetic acid, 573 Acetylcholine, 839 Acetylcholine receptor antibody, 153 Acetylcysteine, 429, 788 Acetylsalicylic acid, 460, 788 Acid-base disturbances, 483 Acid-fast stain, 189 Acidosis, 651, 839 Acini, 839 Acne canine, 328–329 feline, 328–329 Acral lick dermatitis, 330–331 ACTH. See Adrenocorticotropic hormone Actinomycin D, 788 Activated charcoal, 789 Activated clotting time (ACT), 181 Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), 182 CO AAFP. See American Association of Feline Practitioners AAHA. See American Animal Hospital Association Abbreviations, 833–837 Abdomen bandaging, 579, 579–580, 580 contrast studies, 283 physical examination, 25 palpation, 28 pediatric, 28 technique, 34 radiographic positioning, 257, 257 surgery anal sacculectomy, 736 complications, 732 enterotomy, 736 gastric dilation volvulus (GDV), 737 gastrotomy, 737 hepatectomy, partial, 733 hernia, 733 intestinal resection and anastomosis, 738 overview, 731–732 scrub pattern for incision, 730 splenectomy, 734 ultrasonography, 301 Abdominocentesis, 604 Abducent nerve, evaluation of, 38 Abduct, 839 Aboral, 839 Abortion, 188, 336–337 Active range of motion (AROM), 774 Acupuncture, 437, 751, 778 Acute tumor lysis syndrome, 508 Adenocarcinoma, 137 anal sac, 399 mammary, 136, 137 7, CP-5 nasal, 399 pancreatic, 399 perianal, 138, CP-6 prostate, 400 salivary gland, 400 thyroid, 400 Adenovirus, canine, 45 Adequan. See Polysulfated glycosaminoglycans ADH response test, 154 Adherent, 839 Adherent bandages, 575 Adrenal glands, ultrasonography, 301 Adrenalin. See Epinephrine Adrenergic, 839 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) endogenous plasma, concentration, 153 stimulation test or response test, 154 Adriamycin. See Doxorubicin Adrucil. See Fluorouracil Adulticide, 839 Advantage. See Imidacloprid Advantage Multi. See Moxidectin Aelurostrongylus abstrusus, s 208, 214, CP-20 Aerophagia, 839 Veterinary Technician’s Daily Reference Guide: Canine and Feline, Third Edition. Edited by Candyce M. Jack and Patricia M. Watson with Consulting Editor Valissitie Heeren. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Companion Website: www.wiley.com/go/jackvettechdailyref 869 AErrane. See Isoflurane Agalactia, 839 Agglutination, 839 RBC, 165, 168, CP-12 Aggregation, 839 AGID (immunodiffusion), 186 Agonists, 839 Air bubbles, in urine, 242, CP-28 AK-Taine. See Proparacaine hydrochloride Akinesia, 839 Alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT), 109 Albendazole, 789, 802, 810 Albon. See Sulfadimethoxine Albumin, 110 Albumin-to-globulin ratio (A:G ratio), 110 Albuterol, 789 Alcaine. See Proparacaine hydrochloride Alcohol isopropyl, 828 Aldactone. See Spironolactone Alfaxalone, 682 Alfaxan. See Alfaxalone Alkali, 839 Alkaline phosphatase (ALP, SAP), 110 Alkalosis, 651, 839 Allerseb T. See Salicylic acid Allerseb T shampoo. See Sulfur Alloantibody, 839 Alloantigen, 839 Allodynia, 839 Allopurinol, 789 Aloe vera, 572 Alopecia, 24, 839 Alpha-2 agonists, 552, 672–673 dexmedetomidine, 552, 672, 673 medetomidine, 552, 672, 673 xylazine, 552, 672, 673 Alternative medicine. See Complementary and Alternative Veterinary Medicine Aluminum hydroxide, 789–790 Alveolar, 839 Amantadine, 555, 790 Ambulation, 839 870 INDEX American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA), Canine Vaccination Guidelines, 40 American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP), guidelines, 40 American Veterinary Dental Society, 689 Amiglyde-V. See Amantadine Amikacin, 805, 815 Amikin. See Amantadine Amino acid, 839 Aminopentamide, 819 Aminophylline, 790 Amitriptyline, 790 Amlodipine besylate, 790, 823 Ammonia, 111 Ammonil. See DL-methionine Ammonium biurate crystals, 231 Ammonium chloride, 791 Amorphous biurate crystals, 238, CP-28 Amorphous phosphate crystals, 231, 238, CP-27 Amorphous urate crystals, 231, 238, CP-28 Amoxicillin, 791 Amphetamines, toxic doses, 459 Amphicol. See Chloramphenicol Amphojel. See Aluminum hydroxide Ampicillin, 791 Ampicillin sodium/sulbactam sodium, 791 Amplitude, 839 Amylase, 111 Amyloid, 839 Amyloidosis, 839 ANA (antinuclear antibody), 187 Anaerobic bacteria microbiology sample collection, 188 microbiology specimen storage, 189 Anafen. See Ketoprofen Anafranil. See Clomipramine Anal sac adenocarcinoma, 399 Anal sac disease, 351–352 Anal sac expression, 61 Anal sacculectomy, 736 Analgesia, 839 AnaSed. See Xylazine Anastomosis, 839 Anatomy, 6–16 circulatory, 11, 12, 13 dental dentition, 689 disorders, 702 facial structures, 691 skeletal structure, 690 tooth, 690 ear, 16 eye, 16 heart, 11, 12, 13 lymph nodes, 8 musculature, 8 nervous system, 13, 14 overall, 6 skeletal, 8 urogenital, 14, 15 Ancef. See Cephalexin Ancylostoma caninum, 208, 208, 214, CP-20 Ancylostoma tabaeforme, 209, 214 Android. See Methyltestosterone Anechoic, 839 Anemia anesthesia considerations, 662 iron-deficiency, CP-14 nonregenerative, 369–370 nutritional requirements, 79 regenerative, 369–370, CP-12 Anesthesia, 615–686 administration anesthetic machine, 621–624 breathing systems, 625–626 general anesthesia induction, 630–631 ventilation, 626–630 case-based brachycephalic breeds, 661 cardiovascular disease anemia/hypoproteinemia, 662 congenital heart disease, 661 heartworm disease, 662 hypotension/hypovolemia, 662 cesarean, emergency, 663 endocrine disorders diabetes mellitus, 663 hyperadrenocorticism, 664 hyperthyroidism, 664 hypoadrenocorticism, 664 hypothyroidism, 664 gastrointestinal disease gastric dilatation volvulus, 665 pancreatitis, 665 geriatrics, 665 hepatic disease, 666 neonates, 666 obesity, 665 renal disease, 667 respiratory disease, 667 sighthounds, 668 trauma, 668 urinary obstruction, 668 discharge instruction, 661 drugs inhalant desflurane, 686 isoflurane, 685 sevoflurane, 685 injectable induction anesthetics alfaxalone, 682 barbiturates, 677–678 cyclohexamines, 679–680 etomidate, 683 propofol, 681 preanesthetic, 620–621 alpha-2 agonists, 672–673 anticholinergics, 669 benzodiazepines, 671 opioids, 674–676 phenothiazines, 670 endotracheal intubation, 632–633, 634 epidural analgesia, 638 epidural anesthesia, 637 extubation, 656 guidelines for safe, 617–618 drug protocol, 618 induction, 618 machine preparation, 618 patient admissions, 618 patient evaluation, 618 patient preparation, 618 perioperative, 618 potential problems, 617 recovery, 618 induction complications, 634 intercostal and interpleural block, 638 intra-articular block, 639 intratesticular block, 639 local and regional, 555, 635–641 brachial plexus block, 636 commonly used anesthetics, 635 intravenous regional block (Bier Block), 640 line block, 640 nerve block, 641 ring block, 641 splash block, 641 monitoring, 642–654 blood gases, 651 capnograph waveforms, 654–655 cardiovascular system blood loss, 649 blood pressure, 647 capillary refill time, 648 central venous pressure, 648 electrocardiograph, 649 heart rate, 646 mucous membranes, 652 patient care, 642–643 postanesthesia, 655–661 reflexes, 652 respiratory system, 650–652 stages of anesthesia, 644–645 thermoregulation, 653 nerve blocks, dental caudal infraorbital, 713 caudal mandibular and mandibular nerve, 714 cranial infraorbital, 713 maxillary, 714 middle mental, 713 palatine, 714 postanesthesia, 655–656 preanesthesia, evaluation, 619–620 recovery stages, 656–657 emergence delirium, 657 prolonged, 657 ventilation administration, 628–629 manual, 628–629 mechanical, 629 general information, 626–628 intermittent positive-pressure (IPPV), 630 Anesthetic, 839 Anestrus, cytology, 151 Anion gap (AG, AGAP), 111 Anipryl. See Selegeline-l-deprenyl Anisocoria, 839 Anisocytosis, 132, 140 0, 166, 177 7, 840, CP-7, 7 CP-17 Anisokaryosis, 132, 133, 840, CP-4 Ankylosis, 840 Anorexia, 95 Antagonil. See Yohimbine Antagonist, 840 Anterior cruciate ligament. See Cranial cruciate ligament rupture Anterior uveitis, 407–408 Anticholinergics atropine, 669 glycopyrrolate, 669 Anticoagulants, 840 Antidiarrheals, 429 Antidiuretics, 429 Antidotes, 429 Antidysrhytmics, 428 Antiemetics, 429, 840 Antilirium. See Physostigmine INDEX 871 Antinuclear antibody (ANA), 187 Antipyretic, 840 Antirobe. See Clindamycin Antiseizure drugs, 429 Antitussives, 428 Antivert. See Meclizine Antizol-Vet. See Fomepizole Anus, physical examination, 28 Anzemet. See Dolasetron methylate APC (atrial premature contraction/complexes), 490 Apex, 840 Aphakic, 840 Apnea, 840 Apneustic breathing, 840 Apomorphine, 791 Appearance, general, behaviors suggesting pain and anxiety, 547–548 Appetite, behaviors suggesting pain and anxiety, 548 Applanation, 840 Apresoline. See Hydralazine APTT (activated partial thromboplastin time), 182 Aquatic therapy, 773 Aqueous flare, 840 Aranesp. See Darbepoetin alfa Aristocort. See Triamcinolone Arterial blood gases, 840 Arterial hemorrhage, controlling, 435 Arterial intravenous catheter, 500–501 Arthralgia, 840 Arthritis acute, 379–380 degenerative joint disease (DJD), 379–380 Arthrodesis, 840 Arthrography, 290 Artifacts ECG problems and, 494 urine, 242, CP-30 ventricular, 32 Artificial colloid, 840 Ascarids, 212 872 INDEX Ascites, 840 Aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT), 112 ASPCA Poison Control Center, 432 Aspergillus, s 201, 202, CP-19 Aspirate, for fine needle biopsy, 127 Aspirin. See Acetylsalicylic acid Asthma, 307–308 Atarax. See Hydroxyzine Ataxia, 35, 840 Atelectasis, 840 Atenolol, 791, 813, 819, 821 Atopy, 330–331 Atravet. See Acepromazine Atrial fibrillation, 32, 490, 840 Atrial premature contraction/complexes (APC), 490, 492 Atropine, 669 Atropine sulfate, 791–792, 800 Attitude, behaviors suggesting pain and anxiety, 546–547 Aural surgery, 734–735 hematoma, 735 lateral ear canal resection, 735 overview, 734 Auroemycin. See Chlortetracycline Auscultation, 840 heart, 31 lungs, 33 monitoring fluid therapy, 522–523 Autolysis, 840 Axillary, 840 Axoneme, 840 Ayurveda, 780 Azathioprine, 792 Azithromycin, 792 Azium. See Dexamethasone Azotemia, 840 BA medium, 191 Babesia spp., 168, 171, CP-15 Bacilli, in urine sediment, 229 Bacteremia, 840 Bacteria. See also Microbiology; specific species fecal cytology, 147 identification, 198–200 intermediate cell with, CP-11 in urine sediment, 229, 234, 235, 236, 6 CP-25, CP-26 Bactrim. See Sulfadiazine Baerman technique, 205 Baking soda. See Sodium bicarbonate Banamine. See Flunixin meglumine Band, 125, 173, 178, CP-4, CP-16, 6 CP-18 Bandaging, 575–597 adherent, 575 care of, 578 casts, 592 chest/abdominal, 579, 579–580, 580 distal limb splint, 591, 591–592, 592 Ehmer sling, 593, 593–594, 594 extremity, 581, 581–586, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586 head or ear, 578 hobbles, 597, 597 90-90 flexion, 595, 595 nonadherent, 576 Robert Jones, 587, 7 587–589, 588, 589 tail, 589 tie-over, 590, 590 tips, 577 Velpeau sling, 596, 596 Barbiturates methylated-ultrashort acting, 678 overview, 677 thiobarbiturates, 678 Barden’s procedure, 39 Barium contrast media, 282 Barlow’s sign, 39 Barotrauma, 840 Barrier sealant, 696 Basal cell tumor, 142, CP-8 Basophilia, WBC, 135 Basophilic, 840 Basophilic stippling, 165, 169, CP-12 Basophils, 173, 177 7, CP-17 Bathing, 59 Baytril. See Enrofloxacin Benadryl. See Diphenhydramine Benzodiazepines, 671 diazepam, 671 midazolam, 671 Benzoyl, 792 Betadine, 571, 830 Betamethsasone, 792 Betapace. See Sotalol Betasone. See Betamethsasone Bethanechol chloride, 792 Bicarbonate (venous TCO2), 112 Bier Block, 640 Bile acids, 154 Bilirubin, 112, 227 Bilirubin crystals, 231, 238, CP-28 Bio-tal. See Thiamylal sodium Bioactive amine, 840 Bioavailability, 840 Biomicroscopy, 840 Biomox. See Amoxicillin Biopsy bone marrow, 601 fine needle, 127 Biosol. See Neomycin Biot’s respiration, 840 Bipolar, 840 Bismuth subsalicylate, 792–793 Bite cells, 167, CP-14 Bladder, urinary contrast study, 295–296 cystic calculi, 417–419 cystotomy, 757 transitional cell carcinoma, 402 ultrasonography, 301 Blastomyces dermatitidis, s 201 Bleach, 828 Blenoxane. See Bleomycin Bleomycin, 793 Blepharospasm, 840 Blister cells (prekeratocytes), 166, CP-14 Blood collection, 107, 525–526 complications, 107 evaluation of pediatric patient, 31 handling, 107 microbiology sample collection, 188 microbiology specimen storage, 189 sampling, 495 smear, 128, 218–219 storage, 108 transport, 108 urine, 227, 230 Blood chemistry alanine aminotransferase (ALT, SGPT), 109 albumin, 110 albumin-to-globulin ratio (A:G ratio), 110 alkaline phosphatase (ALP, SAP), 110 ammonia, 111 amylase, 111 anion gap (AG), 111 aspartate aminotransferase (AST, SGOT), 112 bicarbonate (venous TCO2), 112 bilirubin, 112 blood collection, handling, storage, and transport, 107–108 blood urea nitrogen (BUN, SUN), 113 calcium, 113 chloride, 113 cholesterol, 114 creatine kinase (CK), 114 creatinine, 114 fibrinogen, 115 gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), 115 globulins, 115 glucose, 116 lipase, 117 lipids/triglycerides, 117 magnesium, 117 phosphorus, inorganic, 116 potassium, 118 sodium, 118 total protein (TP), 118 Blood collection tubes, 108–109 Blood gas analysis, 481 acid-base disturbances, 483 anesthesia monitoring, 651 interpretation, 482, 482 Blood glucose curve, 511 Blood loss, monitoring during anesthesia, 649 Blood pressure anesthesia monitoring, 647 direct arterial pressure, 478 Doppler ultrasound flow detectors, 478 evaluation, 479 monitoring fluid therapy, 522 oscillometric, 478 overview, 477 procedure, 478 Blood transfusions, 524–530 administration protocol, 529 blood collection, 525–526 blood products, 527–528 cryoprecipitate, 528 fresh frozen plasma (FFP), 527 frozen plasma (FP), 528 oxyglobin, 528 packed RBCs, 527 whole blood stored (SWB), 527 blood types, 524 transfusion reactions, 530 Blood types, 185, 525 Blood urea nitrogen (BUN, SUN), 113 BMA (bone marrow aspirate), 601 BMB (bone marrow biopsy), 601 BMBT (buccal mucosal bleeding time), 181 Body condition emergency survey, 434 scoring system, 67–68 INDEX 873 Bolus feeding, 95 Bone. See also Skeletal system chondrosarcoma, 403 fibrosarcoma, 403 hemangiosarcoma, 404 Bone loss, nutritional requirements for repair, 79 Bone marrow, 119–126 cell type identification, 124–125 collection, 119, 601 collection sites, 602 evaluation, 120–123 handling, 119 interpretation, 126 smear techniques, 119 storage, 120 transport, 120 Bone marrow aspirate (BMA), 601 Bone marrow biopsy (BMB), 601 Borborygmus, 840 Bordetella, vaccine, 41, 42 Bordetella bronchiseptica, 45, 56–57, 198 Borrelia burgdorferi, 47–48, 198 Brachial plexus block, 636 Brachycephalic airway syndrome, 307–308 Brachycephalic breeds, anesthesia considerations, 661 Brachygnathism, 702, 840 Brachyspira, 147 Brachytherapy, 764 Brain anatomy, 13 evaluation of geriatric patient, 30 Brain-heart infusion broth, 191 Breath sounds, 33 Breathing tubes, 840 Brethine. See Terbutaline sulfate Brevital. See Methohexital British Anti-Lewisite (BAL). See Dimercaprol Bromethalin, 461 Bronchial sounds, 840 Bronchiectasis, 840 874 INDEX Bronchitis canine, 309–311 eosinophil, CP-8 feline, 307–308 Bronchopulmonary disease, 307–308 Broth inoculation, 193 Brownian movement, 840 Brucella caniss, 198 Brucellosis, 373–374 Brushing hair coat, 59 teeth, 58, 695 Buccal, 841 Buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT), 181 Buffy coat, 219, CP-9 cytology, 144 evaluation, 143 Buphthalmos, 841 Bupivacaine, 552, 635, 793 Buprenex. See Buprenorphine Buprenorphine, 549, 674, 675, 793 Burr cells, 167 Butorphanol, 674, 675, 793 Butorphanol tartrate, 549 C-section (cesarean section), 663, 749–750 Cachexia, 841 Cage setup, hospitalized patient care, 470 Calcijex. See Calcitriol Calcitriol, 793 Calcium, 113 Calcium carbonate, 793 Calcium carbonate crystals, 232, 239, CP-28 Calcium chloride, 521, 793–794 Calcium gluconate. See Calcium chloride Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals, 232, 239, CP-28 Calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals, 232 Calcium oxalate urolithiasis, 83 Calculus, 689, 841 charting, 697 removal, 695 Calculus index (CI), 697 Calculus removal forceps, 692, 692 Caloric requirement worksheet, daily, 68–69 Calorie count worksheet, estimating and comparing, 76 Campylobacter, r 147, 148, 199, CP-9 Canarypox vector, 841 Cancer. See also Oncology chemotherapy drugs danazol, 798 interferon, 807 L-asparaginase, 809 cytology criteria of malignancy, 132–133, CP-4, CP-5 tumor cell types, 136–137, CP-4 Candida spp., 201 Cannibalism, 135 Capillaria plica, 233, 241, CP-30 Capillary refill time (CRT) anesthesia monitoring, 648 evaluation of, 22 monitoring fluid therapy, 522 Capnograph waveforms, 654–655 Capoten. See Captopril Capstar. See Nitenpyram Capsule stain, 195 Captopril, 794, 801 Carafate. See Sucralfate Carbacel. See Carbachol Carbachol. See Captopril Carbamates, 794 Carbamylcholine chloride. See Carbachol Carbohydrate, 841 Carboplatin, 794 Carcinoma adenocarcinoma anal sac, 399 nasal, 399 pancreas, 399 prostatic, 138, 400, CP-6 salivary gland, 400 thyroid, 400 squamous cell, CP-6 digit, 401 ear, 401 gingiva, 401, 704 skin, 402 transitional cell, 402 Cardiac examination, 31–32 heart sounds, 32 rhythms, 32 technique, 31 valves, 32 Cardiac tamponade, 841 Cardiomyopathy dilated, 312–313 hypertrophic, 309–311 restrictive feline, 314–315 Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA), 436 Cardiopulmonary disease, 307–328 asthma, bronchitis, and bronchopulmonary disease, 307–308 brachycephalic airway syndrome, 307–308 bronchitis (canine), 309–311 cardiomyopathy, dilated canine, 312–313 feline, 312–313 cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 309–311 cardiomyopathy, restrictive feline, 314–315 congenital heart disease, 314–315 congestive heart failure, 319–320 endocardiosis, 316–317 heartworm disease, 316–317 hypertension, 321–322 myocarditis, 323–324 pleural effusion, 323–324 pneumonia, 325–326 rhinitis/sinusitis, 326–327 tracheal collapse, 326–327 Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 436–442 airway, 436 algorithm, 440 breathing, 436–437 circulation, 437–438 drugs, 438 emergency drugs and doses, 442 evaluation, 438 ECG, 438 end tidal CO2, 439 fibrillation control, 439 post-cardiac arrest care algorithm, 441 Cardiovascular emergency, 447 Cardiovascular system anesthesia considerations anemia/hypoproteinemia, 662 cardiac function impairment, 662 congenital heart disease, 661 heartworm disease, 662 hypotension/hypovolemia, 662 emergency survey, 433 monitoring during anesthesia blood loss, 649 blood pressure, 647 capillary refill time, 648 central venous pressure, 648 electrocardiograph, 649 heart rate, 646 postanesthetic monitoring, 658 stages of anesthesia, 644 toxicity, chemotherapy, 506 Cardizem. See Diltiazem Caries, 703 Carmilax. See Magnesium hydroxide Carnassial, 841 Carprofen, 553, 794 Carpus, radiographic positioning, 273 Cartilage, evaluation of geriatric patient, 31 Casts bandaging, 592 urine, 230, CP-26 6, CP-27 Catalase test, 194 Catalepsy, 841 Cataracts, 407–408, 744, 841 Catecholamine, 841 Cathartics, 841 Catheter intravenous, 498–501 nasal, 532 for parenteral nutrition (PPN), 98 transtracheal, 533 urinary, 611–612 maintenance, 612 Caudate, 841 Caustic, 841 CAVM. See Complementary and alternative veterinary medicine CBC. See Complete blood count CeeNu. See Lomustine Cefa-drops/Cefa-tabs. See Cephalexin Cefazolin. See Cephalexin Celestone. See Betamethasone Celiography, 283 Celiotomy, 841 Cellophane tape, for ectoparasite examination, 219 Cellularity, 841 bone marrow evaluation, 120, 122, CP-3 Cellulitis, 841 Cementum, 841 Central nervous system, emergency survey, 433 Central venous pressure (CVP), 479, 480, 648, 841 Centrifugal flotation, 205 Cepha-drugs. See Cephalexin Cephalexin, 794–795 Cephalic vein, venous blood collection, 496 Cerenia. See Maropitant citrate Cesarean section (C-section), 663, 749–750 Cestex. See Epsiprantel Cestode, 841 Chamber, anesthesia induction, 631 Chediak-Higashi syndrome, 174 Chelate, 841 Chemistry. See Blood chemistry Chemo-pin, 841 Chemoreceptor trigger zone (CRTZ), 841 Chemosis, 841 INDEX 875 Chemotherapy, 502–509 administration, 502–504 client education, 509 drugs danazol, 798 interferon, 807 L-asparaginase, 809 extravasation injury, 505 monitoring response, 509 toxicity, 506–508 Cheque Drops. See Mibolerone Chest/abdominal bandage, 579, 579–580, 580 Cheyletiella, 220, 222, CP-23 Chinese herbal medicine, 778 Chiropractic, 780 Chlamydia, 189, 199 Chlamydophila felis, s 42, 56–57 Chlor-Trimeton. See Chlorpheniramine maleate Chlorambucil, 795 Chloramphenicol, 795 with prednisone, tetracaine, cerumene, 795 Chlorhexidine, 571, 828 Chloride, 113 Chlorinated hydrocarbons, 796 Chlorine bleach, 828 Chloromycetin. See Chloramphenicol Chloroxylenol, 571, 829 Chlorpheniramine maleate, 795 Chlorpromazine, 670, 795 Chlortetracycline, 795, 801, 813, 816, 822 Cholangiohepatitis, 351–352 Cholangitis, 351–352 Cholecalciferol, 461 Cholestasis, 841 Cholesterol, 113 crystals, 142, CP-9 Cholinergic, 841 Chondroprotec. See Polysulfated glycosaminoglycans Chondroprotectants, 78, 560 Chondrosarcoma, 403 Chromatin, clumped, 133, CP-5 Chronulac. See Lactulose 876 INDEX Chyle, 841 Cilia disorders, 411–412 Cimetidine, 796, 802 Ciprofloxacin, 796, 802, 815 Circulatory system, anatomy, 11, 12, 13, CP-2, CP-3 Cisapride, 796, 813 Cisplatin, 505, 796 Clavulanic acid, 791 Cleft palate, 27 Cleocin. See Clindamycin Clindamycin, 796, 802, 809 Clomicalm. See Clomipramine Clomipramine, 796–797 Clorazepate dipotassium, 797 Clostridium, 147, 148, CP-10 Clot retraction test, 181 Clotrimazole, 797, 807 Coagulation definitive activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), 182 fibrin split product (FSP), 182 fibrinogen, 115 protein C activity assay, 182 protein induced by vitamin K antagonism (PIVKA) test, 183 prothrombin time (PT), 183 thrombin time (TT), 183 von Willebrand’s factor (vWF), 183 drawing blood for, 107 quick assessment activated clotting time (ACT), 181 buccal mucosal bleeding time (BMBT), 181 clot retraction test, 181 platelet estimate, 181 toenail bleeding time (TBT), 181 screening, 180 tests, 181–183 Coat, evaluating, 26 Coax feeding, 86–87 Cobalamin, 156 Cocci, in urine sediment, 229, 234, CP-25 Coccidiodes immitiss, 201 Cod liver oil, 813, 824 Codeine/acetaminophen, 549 Codeine phosphate, 797 Codocytes, 167 Colace. See Docusate sodium succinate Colchicine, 797 Cold laser therapy (low-level laser therapy), 574 Cold therapy, 475, 777 Collimate, 841 Colloids, 519 Colobomas, 841 Colorado State University Acute Pain Scale, 541, 542, 543, 544 Colorimetric, 841 Colostrum, 40, 841 Comedones, 841 Commissure, 841 Compazine. See Prochlorperazine Complement fixation, 186 Complementary and alternative veterinary medicine (CAVM), 769–783 ayurveda, 780 chiropractic, 780 electrical stimulation therapy, 775 flower essences, 781 herbal medicine, Western, 783 homeopathy, 781 homotoxicology, 782 hyperbaric oxygen therapy, 782 laser therapy, 775 magnetic field therapy, 776 overview, 770 physical rehabilitation, 770–774 proliferative therapy, 783 temperature therapy, 777 therapeutic ultrasound therapy, 778 traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), 778–779 Complete blood count (CBC), 160 differential, 161 hemoglobin concentration (Hgb), 160 mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), 163 mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), 163 mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 163 nucleated RBCs (nRBC), 161 packed cell volume (PCV), 160 platelet estimate, 162 RBC count, 160 reticulocyte count, 162 slide evaluation, 162 total protein concentration (TP), 160 WBC count, 161 Compressed gas cylinders, 841 Computed radiography, equipment, 246 Computed tomography (CT, CAT scan), 297 Computer radiography, 841 Congenital heart disease, 314–315, 661 Congestive heart failure, 319–320 Conjunctival flap, 745 Conjunctivitis, 409–410 Constant rate infusions, 555–559 calculations, 558 drugs, 556–557 alpha-2 agonists dexmedetomidine, 557 local lidocaine, 557 NMDA antagonist ketamine, 557 opioids fentanyl, 556 hydromorphone, 556 morphine, 556 remifentanil, 556 MLK, setting up, 559 tips, 559 Constipation, 79, 353–354 Contrast, 841 Convex, 841 Coombs test (direct antiglobulin test), 186 Coprophagia, 842 Core, 842 Corneal reflex, 652 Cornified, 842 Cornified squamous epithelial cells, 149 Corona virus, canine, 43–44 Cortisone acetate, 797, 806 Cosequin. See Glucosamine with chondroitin sulfate Cosmegen. See Dactinomycin CO2 absorber, 840 Coughing reflex, 656 Coumadin. See Warfarin Coupage, 608, 842 CPA (cardiopulmonary arrest), 436 CPAP (continuous positive airway), 842 CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation), 436–442 Crackles (rales), 33 Cranial cruciate ligament rupture, 747 Cranial drawer motion test, 39 Crash cart, 427 Creatine kinase (CK), 114 Creatinine, 114 Crenation, 166, 842 Crepitus, 842 Crossbite, 702 Crossmatching, 184 Crown, 842 CRT. See Capillary refill time CRTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone), 841 Cruciate disease, 381–382 Cryoprecipitate, 528 Cryosurgery, 765 Cryotherapy, 777, 842 Crypt, 842 Cryptococcus, s 202, CP-19 Cryptococcus neoformans, s 201 Cryptorchidism, 842 Cryptosporidium spp., 209, 214, 215, CP-20 Crystalloids, 519–520, 842 Crystals, CP-27, 7 CP-28, CP-29 cholesterol, CP-9 urine, 231–232 CT (computed tomography), 297 Ctenocephalidess spp., 220, 222, CP-23 Culture media growth evaluation, 194 inoculation and incubation, 192–193 types, 191 Cuprimine. See Penicillamine Curette (subgingival), 691, 692 Cuterebra, 220, 222, CP-23 CVP (central venous pressure), 479, 480 Cyanosis, 842 Cyclohexamines ketamine, 679, 680 overview, 679 tiletamine, 679, 680 Cyclomen. See Danocrine Cyclophosphamide, 797–798 Cycloplegic, 842 Cyclosporine, 798 Cydectin. See Moxidectin Cyniclomyess (Sarrharomycopsis), 147 Cyproheptadine, 429, 798 Cystic calculi, 417–419 Cystine crystals, 83, 232, 239, CP-28 Cystocentesis, 609 Cystography, 295–296 Cystostomy, 757 Cytauxzoon felis, s 168, 171, 175, CP-15 Cytology, 126–152 buffy coat evaluation, 143–144 collection, 126–127 effusion, 145–146 estrous cycle, staging, 151–152 evaluation, 130–131 fecal, 146–149 FNB needle and syringe selection, 127 handling, 128 interpretations, 141–142 malignancy criteria, 132–135 smear techniques, 128–130 storage, 130 transport, 130 INDEX 877 d Cytology (continued) tumor cell types epithelial, 136 mesenchymal, 136 round cell, 137 vaginal, 149–150 Cytoplasmic basophilia, 174, 178, CP-18 Cytoplasmic vacuolation, 174 Cytotec. See Misoprostol Cytoxan. See Cyclophosphamide D-256, 829 D-glucose polysaccharide, 572 Dacrocytes, 167 Dacryocystorhinography, 288 Dactinomycin. See Actinomycin D Daily energy requirement (DER), 69, 842 Dakin’s solution, 572 Danazol, 798 Danger level, 842 Danocrine. See Danazol Daranide. See Dichlorphenamide Darbazine. See Prochlorperazine Darbepoetin alfa, 798 Dazamide. See Acetazolamide Dead space, 624 anatomic, 842 physiological, 842 Decerebellate posture, 842 Decerebrate response, 842 Deciduous, 842 Decubital, 842 Deep pain perception, evaluation of, 36 Definitive host, 842 Degenerative joint disease (DJD), 79, 379–380 Degloving, 842 Dehiscence, 842 Delta-Cortef. See Prednisolone Deltasone. See Prednisone Demerol. See Meperidine 878 INDEX Demodex caniss, 220, 222, CP-23 Den-A-Derm. See Benzoyl Denamarin. See S-adenosylmethionine + silybin Denosyl. See S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) Density, 842 Dentin, 842 Dentistry, 687–716 anatomy dentition, 689 facial structures, 691 skeletal structure, 690 tooth, 690 charting, 697–698 canine, 700 feline, 701 sample chart, 699 cleaning procedure, 694–696 disorders anatomical, 702 pathologic, 703–704 extraction procedures, 711–712 home dental care, 58 instruments hand-held, 691, 692 maintenance, 692 mechanical, 693 sharpening, 692, 693 nerve blocks, dental, 712–714 caudal infraorbital, 713 caudal mandibular and mandibular nerve, 714 cranial infraorbital, 713 maxillary, 714 middle mental, 713 palatine, 714 nutritional requirements in dental disease, 79 overview, 689 radiography, 704–710 equipment, 704 positioning caudal mandibular view, 708 caudal maxillary view, 710 rostral mandibular view, 707, 709 rostral maxillary view, 706, 709 rostral oblique view, 707 radiographic film, 705 technique chart, 705 techniques, 706 root canal treatment, 715 vital pulpotomy, 716 Dentition, 689 Depen. See Penicillamine Depo-Medrol. See Methylprednisolone Depo-Provera. See Medroxyprogesterone acetate Depo-testosterone. See Testosterone cypionate DER (daily energy requirement), 69, 842 Deracoxib, 553, 798 Deramaxx. See Deracoxib Dermacentor variabilis, s 221, 223, CP-23 Dermatology, 328–335 acne canine, 328–329 feline, 328–329 acral lick dermatitis, 330–331 atopy, 330–331 flea allergy dermatitis, 330–331 food hypersensitivity, 332–333 otitis externa, 332–333 pyoderma deep, 334–335 superficial, 334–335 surface, 334–335 toxicity, chemotherapy, 507 Dermatophyte, 842 Dermatophyte test medium, 191 Descemetocele, 842 Desflurane, 686 Desmopressin acetate, 798 Desoxycorticosterone pivalate, 799 Desquamative cells, 842 Desyrel. See Trazodone Devitalized, 842 Dexamethasone, 799 Dexamethasone test high-dose, 155 low-dose, 155 DexDomitor. See Dexmedetomidine Dexmedetomidine, 552, 557, 621, 672, 673, 799 Dextran, 519 Dextrose 5% in water (D5W), 519 50% solution, 521 Diabetes insipidus, 336–337 ADH response test for, 154 water-deprivation test, 159 Diabetes mellitus, 338–339 anesthesia considerations, 663 fructosamine test, 156 insulin, 510–514 administration, 512 monitoring for hypoglycemia, 514 monitoring response, 513 nutritional requirements, 80 Dialume. See Aluminum hydroxide Diamox. See Acetazolamide Diaphragmatic hernia, 733 Diarrhea acute, 355–356 chronic, 355–356 nutritional requirements, 83 Diastat. See Diazepam Diastolic, 842 Diatheses, 842 Diazepam, 671, 799 Dibenzyline. See Phenoxybenzamine DIC (disseminated intravascular coagulation), 369–370 Dichlorphenamide, 799 Didecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride, 829 Diestrus, cytology, 151 Diet. See also Nutrition history form, 66 home-prepared, 77 neonatal and pediatric care, 471 obesity management, 84–86 Diff-Quik, 195 Differential calculating, 164 white blood cell count, 161 Differential stain, 161 Diflucan. See Fluconazole Digestibility, 842 Digit, squamous cell carcinoma, 401 Digital radiography (DR), 245 Dihydrostreptomycin, 799 Dilaudid. See Hydromorphone Diltiazem, 799 Dimercaprol, 429, 800 Dimethyl benzyl ammonium chlorides, 829 Dimethyl sulfoxide and fluocinolone acetonide, 800 Dioctophyma renale, 233 Dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS), 605 Diphenhydramine, 800 Diphenoxylate, 800, 810 Diprivan. See Propofol Dipylidium caninum, 208, 209, 215, CP-20 Direct IFA, 186 Dirofilaria immitis, s 209, 215, CP-20 Discography, 290 Disease. See also specific diseases canine transmissible, 43–49 feline transmissable, 50–57 nutritional requirements, 79–83 Disinfectants, 828–830 Disk fenestration, 742 Diskospondylitis, 842 Disposaject. See Docusate sodium succinate Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 369–370 Dissociative anesthesia, 842 Distal limb splint, 591, 591–592, 592 Distemper, canine, 43–44, 165, 169, 174, CP-12 Diuretics, 428, 429 DJD (degenerative joint disease), 379–380 DL-methionine, 800 Dobutamine, 800 Dobutrex. See Dobutamine Docusate calcium, 800 Docusate sodium succinate, 800–801 Döhle bodies, 174, CP-18 Dolasetron, 816 Dolasetron methylate, 801 Dolophine. See Methadone Domitor. See Medetomidine Dopamine, 801 Dopram-V. See Doxapram Dorsal laminectomy, 742 Dosimeter, 842 Doxapram, 801 Doxil. See Doxorubicin Doxorubicin, 505, 801 Doxycycline, 801 Drain care, 570 Drapes, folding for sterilization, 724 Drip rate, calculating, 522 Droncit. See Praziquantel Drug administration chemotherapy administration, 502–504 client education, 509 extravasation injury, 505 monitoring response, 509 toxicity, 506–508 injections, 497 insulin, 510–514 administration, 512 monitoring for hypoglycemia, 514 monitoring response, 513 intravenous catheter placement, 498–501 arterial, 500–501 intraosseus, 500–501 jugular, 498–499 monitoring and maintenance, 501 peripheral, 498–499 Drugs. See Pharmacology; specific drugs Dry eye syndrome, 413–415 Dry matter basis worksheet, nutrient levels comparison, 75 DSS (dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate), 605 INDEX 879 Duragesic. See Fentanyl citrate Duricol. See Chloramphenicol Durotrol. See Chlorinated hydrocarbons Dynamic and interactive visual analog scale (DIVAS), 541 Dyschezia, 842 Dyscoria, 842 Dysphagia, 842 Dysphonia, 842 Dysphoria, 843 Dystocia, 340–341 Ear anatomy, 16 bandaging, 578 cleaning, 62 flushing, 62 microbiology sample collection, 188 otitis externa, 332–333 physical examination, 23, 27, 30, 34 squamous cell carcinoma, 401 Ear flick reflex, 652 Eccentrocytes (hemighost cells), 167 Ecchymoses, 843 ECG. See Electrocardiogram Echinococcus granulosus, s 210, 215, CP-21 Echinocytes (Burr cells), 167 Echogenicity, 843 Echoic, 843 Eclampsia, 29, 340–341 Ectoparasites, 24, 46, 217, 219, 220, 334 Ectopic, 843 Ectropion, 744 Eczema, miliary, 843 Edema, 843 Edematous, 843 Edrophonium chloride, 801, 817 Effusion cytology, 145–146 Ehmer sling, 593, 593–594, 594 Ehrlichia canis, s 175 Ehrlichiosis, 373–374 Elavil. See Amitriptyline 880 INDEX Elbow, radiographic positioning, 271, 272 Eldepryl. See Selegeline-l-deprenyl Electrical nerve stimulation, transcutaneous (TENS), 775 Electrical stimulation, neuromuscular, 775 Electrocardiogram (ECG) anesthesia monitoring, 649 CPR, 438 heart rate calculation, 489 interpretation, 486–487 leads, 485 normal canine, 488 problems and artifacts, 494 procedure, 483–484 rhythm abnormalities, 490–491, 492, 493 Electrolyte solution, balanced, 571 Electromechanical dissociation, 843 Elevators, dental, 691, 692 Elimination behaviors suggesting pain and anxiety, 548 neonatal and pediatric care, 473 ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), 186, 843 Elspar. See L-asparaginase Eltroxin. See Levothyroxine sodium Embryonated, 843 Emergency, 425–462 cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 436–442 cardiovascular, 447 drugs, 428–429 antidotes, 429 cardiac, 428 gastrointestinal, 429 neurologic, 429 ophthalmic, 429 renal/urinary, 429 reproductive/endocrine, 429 respiratory, 428 environmental, 448 gastrointestinal, 449 genital, 456 hematologic, 450 hemostasis, 435 neonatal, 452 neurologic, 453 ophthalmic, 454 pediatric, 452 renal, 455 reproductive, 456 respiratory, 457 shock, 444–446 supplies, 427–429 telephone assessment, 430–431 toxicologic, 458–461 trauma, 462 triage, 432 primary survey, 433–434 secondary survey, 443 urinary, 455 vomiting, inducing at home, 432 Emetic, 843 Enacard. See Enalapril Enalapril, 801 Enamel, 843 Encephalitis, 386–388 Encephalopathy, 843 End tidal CO2, CPR, 439 Endocardiosis, 316–317 Endocrine disorders, 336–350. See also specific disorders anesthesia considerations, 663–664 diabetes insipidus, 336–337 diabetes mellitus, 338–339, 663 emergencies, 451 hyperadrenocorticism, 341–343 hyperparathyroidism, 341–343 hyperthyroidism, 344–345 hypoadrenocorticism, 344–345 hypoparathyroidism, 346–347 hypothyroidism, 346–347 Endophthalmitis, 843 Endoscopy, 761–762 Endospore stain, 195 Endotoxemia, 843 Endotoxin, 843 Endotracheal intubation, 632–633, 634 extubation, 656 procedure, 632–633 Enema, warm water, 605 Energy, 843 Enilconazole. See Imidazole Enlon. See Edrophonium chloride Enrofloxacin, 802 Enteral nutrition administration, 94–96 coax feeding, 86–87 esophagostomy tube, 89 gastrotomy tube with gastropexy, 91–92 without gastropexy, 90–91 jejunostomy tube, 93 nasoesophageal/nasogastric tube, 87–88 orogastric tube, 86–87 tube care, 95–96 tube options, 94 Enterotomy, 736 Entropion, 409–410, 744 Enucleation, 745, 843 Environmental emergency, 448 Environmental enrichment, 560 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 186 Enzymes, 843 Eosinophil bronchitis, 141, CP-8 Eosinophils, 144, 173, 177, 7 CP-9, CP-17 Ephedrine, 802 EPI (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency), 80, 357–358 Epididymitis, 843 Epidural analgesia, 638 anesthesia, 637, 843 Epidurography, 289 Epilepsy, 386–388 Epinephrine, 635, 802 Epiphora, 843 Epistaxis, 843 Epithelial cast, 230, 236 6, CP-26 Epithelial cells, in urine sediment, 232–233, 241, CP-29, CP-30 Epithelial tumor, cytology, 132, 136 Epithelialization, 843 Epithelium, 843 Epogen. See Erythropoietin Epsiprantel, 802 Epulides, 843 Equipment blood sampling, 495 dental instruments hand-held, 691, 692 maintenance, 692 mechanical, 693 sharpening, 692, 693 oxygen administration, 531 radiography, 246, 704 surgical packs, 720–721 Erwinase. See L-asparaginase Erythema, 843 Erythrocyte. See Red blood cell (RBC) Erythroid hyperplasia, 123, CP-4 Erythroid precursors, 122, CP-4 Erythromycin, 802 Erythropoietin, 802, 843 Escherichia coli, 191, 199, 229, 829, 830 Esophageal worm, 211 Esophagostomy tube, 89 Esophagraphy, 284–285 Estrus, cytology, 151 Estrus cycle, staging, 151–152 ESWT (extracorporeal shock wave therapy), 574 Ethamycin. See Dihydrostreptomycin Ethanol, 429 Ethylene glycol, toxic doses, 459 Etodolac, 553, 802 Etogesic. See Etodolac Etomidate, 683 EU (excretory urography), 294–295 Evisceration, 843 Excretory urography (EU), 294–295 Exercise hospitalized patient care, 470 therapeutic, 774 Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), 80, 357–358 Explorer, dental, 691, 692 Exsanguinate, 843 Extensor carpi radialis response, 37 Extensor postural thrust, 36 Extracapsular, 843 Extracellular, 843 Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT), 574 Extractions, dental, 711–712 Extraorally, 843 Extravasation, 843 Extremity bandage, 581, 581–586, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586 Extrinsic, 843 Extubation, endotracheal tube, 656 Exudate, 145, 843 Eye. See also Ophthalmology anatomy, 16 microbiology sample collection, 188 ophthalmic surgery, 743–746 cataracts, 744 conjunctival flap, 745 ectropion, 744 entropion, 744 enucleation, 745 glaucoma, 745 nictitating membrane flap replacement, 745 overview, 743 prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid, 746 proptosis, traumatic, 746 physical examination, 23, 27, 30 ultrasonography, 302 Eyelids ectropion, 744 entropion, 409–410, 744 F wave, 843 Face mask, anesthesia, 631 Facial nerve, evaluation of, 38 INDEX 881 Facial structures, anatomy of, 691 Facultative, 843 Famotidine, 802 Fat, 843 Fatty acid, 843 Fatty cast, 230, 236 6, CP-26 FCV (feline calcivirus), 50–51 FDP (fibrin degradation product), 182 Fecal collection, handling, storage, and transport tips for parasitology, 203 culture, 189, 206 cytology, 146–149 microbiology sample collection, 188 Fecal flotation solutions, 207 Fecal jewel, 213 FECV (feline enteric coronavirus), 51 Feeding. See also Nutrition enteral nutrition, 86–96 general life stage feeding guidelines, 70–71 hospitalized patient care, 470 methods, 72 neonatal and pediatric care, 472 overexcited eaters, 73 parenteral nutrition, 96–100 reluctant eaters, 72–73 Feldene. See Piroxicam Feline calcivirus (FCV), 50–51 Feline enteric coronavirus (FECV), 51 Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), 53–54 Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), 51–52 Feline leukemia virus (FeLV), 42, 54–56 Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD), 417–419 Feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), 53–54 Feline rhinotracheitis virus, 54–56 FeLV (feline leukemia virus), 42, 54–56 Femoral head ostectomy (FHO), 747 Femur, radiographic positioning, 277 Fenbendazole, 802 Fenestration, 843 Fentanyl, 550, 556, 621, 674, 675 882 INDEX Fentanyl citrate, 550, 802–803 Feosol. See Ferrous sulfate Fer-In-Sol. See Ferrous sulfate Ferrous sulfate, 803 Fetid, 843 FFP (fresh frozen plasma), 527 FHO (femoral head ostectomy), 747 Fiber, 843 Fibrillation control, CPR, 439 Fibrin degradation product (FDP), 182 Fibrin split product (FSP), 182 Fibrinogen, 115, 180, 182, 843 Fibroblasts, 844 Fibrosarcoma, 403–404, 704 Fibrosis, 844 Fibula, radiographic positioning, 277, 278 Field block, 844 Filaroides osleri, 210 Film-screen radiography, equipment, 246 Fine needle biopsy (FNB), 127 FIP (feline infectious peritonitis), 51–52 Fipronil, 803 Firocoxib, 553, 803 Fistula, 844 Fistulography, 283 FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus), 53–54 Flagyl. See Metronidazole Flail chest, 844 Flatulence, nutritional requirements, 80 Flea allergy dermatitis, 330–331 Fleas, CP-23 Floccose, 844 Flocculent, 844 Florane. See Isoflurane Florinef. See Fludrocortisone Flotation, fecal, 204, 207 Flower essences, 781 Flowmeter, 844 Fluconazole, 803 Flucort. See Flumethasone Fludrocortisone, 803 Fluid therapy, 514–523 colloids, 519 crystalloids, 519–520 drip rate, calculating, 522 fluid additives, 521 hydration assessment, 515–516 monitoring, 522–523 requirements, calculating fluid, 517 routes of administration, 518 Fluids, CPR, 439 Flumethasone, 803 Flunixin meglumine, 803–804 Fluorescein sodium stain, 606 Fluorescein strips, 804 Fluorets. See Fluorescein strips Fluoride treatment, 696, 844 Fluoroscopy, 298 Fluorouracil, 804 Fluoxetine, 804 FLUTD (feline lower urinary tract disease), 417–419 Fluticasone propionate, 804 Folate, 156 Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), 844 Folliculitis defined, 844 superficial bacterial, 334–335 Fomepizole, 804 Fontanel, 27, 844 Food allergy, nutritional requirements, 80 Food hypersensitivity, 332–333 Forelimb, radiographic positioning of carpus, 273 elbow, 271, 272 humerus, 270, 270 metacarpus/phalanges, 274, 274 radius/ulna, 273 Formaldehyde, 828 Formalin, 820 FP (frozen plasma), 528 FPV (feline panleukopenia virus), 53–54 Fracture repair of bone, 747 tooth, 698, 703 Frenulum, 844 Fresh frozen plasma (FFP), 527 Front limb reflexes, 37 Frontline. See Fipronil Frozen plasma (FP), 528 Fructosamine, 156, 844 FSH (follicle stimulating hormone), 844 FSP (fibrin split product), 182 Fulvicin. See Griseofuvin Function tests, 153–159 acetylcholine receptor antibody, 153 ACTH stimulation test, 154 ADH response test, 154 adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 153 bile acids, 154 dexamethosone suppression test, high dose, 155 dexamethosone suppression test, low dose, 155 folate and cobalamin tube: SST, 156 fructosamine, 156 pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity, 156 thyroid hormone, basal serum (T4 and T3), 157 thyroid hormone, free, 157 thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration (endogenous TSH), 157 thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test, 158 trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI), 158 T3 suppression test, 156 urine cortisol: creatinine ratio, 158 urine protein: creatinine ratio, 158 water-deprivation test, 159 water-deprivation test, modified, 159 Fungi culture, 189 identification, 201 microbiology specimen storage, 189–190 in urine, 242 Furcation exposure, 698, 844 Furosemide, 804 Furunculosis, 844 Fusobacterium, 199 Gabapentin, 555, 804–805 Gag reflex, 38 Gait behaviors suggesting pain and anxiety, 545–546 evaluation of, 35, 38 Galactorrhea, 844 Gall bladder, ultrasonography, 300 Gallop, 32 Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), 115 Garacin. See Gentamicin Garasol. See Gentamicin Gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), 357–358, 665, 737 Gastric lavage, 603 Gastroenterology, 351–368. See also Gastrointestinal system anal sac disease, 351–352 cholangitis and cholangiohepatitis, 351–352 constipation and megacolon, 353–354 diarrhea, 355–356 exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), 357–358 gastric dilatation volvulus (GDV), 357–358 hepatic disease/failure, 359–360 hepatic lipidosis, 361–362 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 361–362 megaesophagus, 363–364 pancreatitis, 365–366 peritonitis, 365–366 protein-losing enteropathy, 367–368 vomiting, 367–368 Gastrogard. See Omeprazole Gastrography, 284–285 Gastrointestinal system anesthesia considerations gastric dilatation volvulus, 665 pancreatitis, 665 contrast studies, 284–287 esophagography, 284–285 gastrography, 284–285 lower GI, 286–287 upper GI, 286–287 diseases constipation, 353–354 diarrhea, 355–356 exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), 357–358 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 361–362 protein-losing enteropathy, 367–368 vomiting, 367–368 drugs antidiarrheals, 429 antiemetics, 429, 840 emetics, 843 pancreatic enzyme replacement, 816 emergencies, 449 endoscopy, 761–762 medical procedures abdominocentesis, 604 dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DSS), 605 enema, warm water, 605 gastric lavage, 603 peritoneal lavage, diagnostic, 604 stomach tube, 603 verification of gastrointestinal tube placement, 604 stages of anesthesia and, 645 surgery anal sacculectomy, 736 enterotomy, 736 gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), 737 gastrotomy, 737 intestinal resection and anastomosis, 738 toxicity, chemotherapy, 507 ultrasonography, 301 Gastropexy, gastrotomy tube placement with, 90–92 Gastrotomy, 737 Gastrotomy tube with gastropexy, 91 without gastropexy, 90–91 GDV (gastric dilatation volvulus), 357–358, 665, 737 Gemini. See Xylazine Gen-Xene. See Clorazepate dipotassium INDEX 883 Genal, 844 General anesthesia, 844 Genital system emergencies, 456 microbiology sample collection, 188 physical examination, 25, 28 postanesthetic monitoring, 660 ultrasonography, 301 vaginal contrast studies, 293 Gentamicin, 805 Gentamicin sulfate, 572 Gentamicin sulfate with betamethasone valerate and clotrimazole, 805 Geriatric patients anesthesia considerations, 665 feeding guidelines, 71 physical examination blood, 31 general appearance, 30 genitals, 31 head, 30 immune system, 31 internal organs, 30–31 limbs, 31 Germination, 844 Giardia spp., 147, 148, 210, 216 6, CP-10, 0 CP-21 Giemsa stain, 195 Gingiva, 844 fibrosarcoma, 403 hyperplasia, 697, 703 recession, 697 squamous cell carcinoma, 401 sulcus pocketing, 697 Gingival index (GI), 697 Gingivitis, 58, 78, 689, 697, 775 Glargine, 805 Glasgow Composite Pain Tool, 541 Glaucoma, 411–412, 745 Glipizide, 805 Globulins, 115, 844 Glomerulonephropathy, 844 Glossopharyngeal nerve, evaluation of, 38 884 INDEX Gluconeogenesis, 844 Glucosamine with chondroitin sulfate, 805 Glucose, 116 Glucosuria, 227 Glucotrol. See Glipizide Glutaraldehyde, 829 Glycogenolysis, 844 Glycoproteins, 844 Glycopyrrolate, 669, 805 Glycosaminoglycan (GAGs), 844 Glycosylated, 844 GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone), 844 Goniometry, 844 Gowns, folding for sterilization, 721–724 Gram stain, 190, 195 Granular cast, 230, 236, 6 CP-26 Granularity, 844 Granulation bed, 844 Granulocytes in bone marrow evaluation, 123 cell type identification, 124–125 hyperplasia, CP-4 maturation stages of, 123, CP-4 Granulocytic precursors, 123 Granulomatous, 844 Grapes/raisins, 460 Grisactin. See Griseofulvin Griseofuvin, 805–806 Grooming, 59, 470 Gross examination, endoparasites, 204 Gutta-percha, 716 Hair, in urine, 242 Hairlip, 27 Halitosis, 844 Head bandaging, 578 contrast studies dacryocystorhinography, 288 sialography, 288 physical examination, 23, 27, 30 radiographic positioning nasal cavities and sinuses, 258–259 pharynx, 259, 259 skull, 260 temporomandibular joint, 261 tympanic bullae, 261 zygomatic arch, 262 Hearing loss, pediatric patient, 30 Heart. See also Heart disease anatomy, 11, 12, 13, CP-2 pediatric, 28 physical examination, 24, 31–32 general, 24 geriatric, 30 heart sounds, 32 pediatric, 28 rhythms, 28, 32 valves, 32 toxicity, chemotherapy, 506 ultrasonography, 302 Heart disease. See also Cardiopulmonary disease anesthesia considerations, 646–649 arrhythmias, 490–491, 492, 493 cardiomyopathy, dilated canine, 312 feline, 312 cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic, 309–311 cardiomyopathy, restrictive feline, 314–315 congenital heart disease, 314–315 congestive heart disease, 319–320 endocardiosis, 316–318 heartworm disease, 316–318 hemangiosarcoma, 404–405 myocarditis, 323–324 Heart rate anesthesia monitoring, 646 calculating from electrocardiogram (ECG), 489 monitoring fluid therapy, 522 normal values, 21, 31 Heart valves, 32, 316–317 Heartgard. See Ivermectin Heartworm disease, 209, 215, 316–317, 662, CP-20 Heat support, 474 Heat therapy, 777 Heimlich maneuver, modified, 434 Heinz bodies, 165, 169, 170 0, CP-13 Hektoen enteric agar, 191 Helmet cells, 167, 171, CP-14 Hemacytometer use, 164 Hemagglutination assay, 186 Hemagglutination inhibition assay, 186 Hemangiosarcoma, 404–405 Hematemesis, 844 Hematochezia, 844 Hematologic emergencies, 450 Hematology, 160–185 blood transfusions, 184–185 blood typing, 185 crossmatching, 184 coagulation tests, 179–183 definitive test, 182–183 factors evaluated by, 180 for quick assessment, 181 complete blood count, 160–163 differential, 161, 164 hemoglobin concentration (Hgb), 160 mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), 163 mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), 163 mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 163 nucleated RBCs (nRBCs), 161 packed cell volume (PCV), 160 platelet estimate, 162 RBC count, 160 reticulocyte count, 162 slide evaluation, 162 total protein concentration (TP), 160 WBC count, 161 disorders anemia nonregenerative, 369–370 regenerative, 369–370 disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), 369–370 thrombocytopenia, 371–372 von Willebrand’s disease, 371–372 platelet morphology, 179 RBC morphology arrangement, 165 color, 166 inclusions, 165 parasites, 168 shape, 166–168 size, 166 toxicity, chemotherapy, 506 WBC morphology, 172 cell types, appearance of, 173 inclusions, 174 left shift, 179 parasites, 175 Hematuria, 227, 844 Hemighost cells, 167 Hemilaminectomy, 845 Hemistanding/hemiwalking, 36 Hemoagglutination, 845 Hemoglobin, in urine sediment, 233 Hemoglobin concentration (Hgb), 160 Hemoglobinuria, 227 Hemolytic, 845 Hemolyzed, 845 Hemolyzed samples, 107 Hemoptysis, 845 Hemorrhage, controlling, 435 Hemosideron, 122, CP-4 Hemostasis, 179, 435, 435, 845 Heparin, 806 Heparinized, 845 Hepatic disease anesthesia considerations, 666 cholangiohepatitis, 351–352 hemangiosarcoma, 404–405 hepatic disease failure (liver disease), 359–360 hepatitis, canine, 45–46 lipidosis, 81, 142, 361–362, CP-8 nutritional requirements, 81 Hepatoid, 845 Hepatomegaly, 845 Herbal medicine Chinese, 778 Western, 783 Hernia abdominal, 733 diaphragmatic, 733 Hetastarch, 519 Hind limb reflexes, 37 Hindlimbs, radiographic positioning of, 277–279 femur, 277 fibula, 277, 278 metatarsals, 279, 279, 280 stifles, 277, 278 tarsus, 279, 279 tibia, 277, 278 Hip dysplasia, 381–382 Hip luxation, 39 Histiocytoma, 137, 139, 397–398, CP-6 Histoplasma capsulatum, 201 History, 21 Hobbles, 597, 597 Hoe, dental, 691, 692 Holter apparatus, 845 Homeopathy, 781 Homotoxicology, 782 Honey, 572 Hookworm, 208, 209, 213, 214, 218, CP-20, 0 CP-22 Hopping, 36 Housing, neonatal and pediatric care, 471 Howell-Jolly body, 165, 169, 177, 7 CP-12, CP-13, CP-17 Humerus, radiographic positioning, 270, 270 Humidification, 845 Humulin N. See Neutral protamine hagedorn Hyaline cast, 231, 237, 7 CP-27 Hyaluronic acid, 845 Hyaluronidase, 635 Hycodan. See Hydrocodone Hydatid cyst, 845 Hydralazine, 806 INDEX 885 Hydration assessment, 515–516 neonatal and pediatric care, 26, 472 Hydrocodone, 806 Hydrocortisone, 806 Hydrocortisone sodium succinate, 806 Hydrogen peroxide, 432, 806 Hydrolyzed protein, 845 Hydromorphone, 550, 674, 675, 806–807 Hydrophilic, 845 Hydrotherapy, 773 Hydroxyzine, 807 Hyperadrenocorticism, 81, 341–343, 664 Hyperalgesia, 538, 546, 555, 845 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), 574, 782 Hypercalcemia, 845 Hypercapnia, 531, 651, 845 Hypercarbia, 845 Hypercellular, 845 Hyperechoic, 845 Hyperemic, 845 Hyperesthesia, 845 Hyperglycemia, 845 Hyperkalemia, 845 Hyperkinesis, 845 Hypernatremia, 845 Hyperoncotic, 845 Hyperosmolar, 845 Hyperparathyroidism, 341–343 Hyperpathia, 845 Hyperplasia, 845 Hyperreflexia, 845 Hypersensitivity chemotherapy toxicity, 507 food, 332–333 Hypertension, 321–322, 647 Hyperthenuric, 845 Hyperthermia, 475, 653, 765, 845 Hyperthyroidism, 344–345 anesthesia considerations, 664 nutritional requirements, 81 Hypertonia, 845 886 INDEX Hypertonic, 845 Hypertrophic, 845 Hypnomidate. See Etomidate Hypnosis, 845 Hypoadrenocorticism, 344–345, 664 anesthesia considerations, 664 nutritional requirements, 81 Hypocapnia, 651, 845 Hypocellular, 845 Hypochloremia, 845 Hypochromasia, 166 Hypochromic, 845 Hypocortisolemia, 845 Hypoechoic, 845 Hypoglossal nerve, evaluation of, 38 Hypoglycemia, 514, 845 Hyponatremia, 845 Hypoparathyroidism, 346–347 Hypoperfusion, 845 Hypoplasia, 845 Hypoproteinemia, anesthesia considerations, 662 Hyporeflexia, 846 Hypotension, 478, 662 Hypothenuric, 846 Hypothermia, 474, 653 Hypothyroidism, 346–347 anesthesia considerations, 664 nutritional requirements, 81 Hypotonic, 846 Hypotony, 846 Hypovolemia, 445, 662, 846 Iatrogenic, 846 IBD (inflammatory bowel disease), 361–362 Icterus, 846 Idiopathic, 846 IFA (immunofluorescence assay), 186 Ifex. See Ifosfamide Ifosfamide, 807 Ileus, 846 Illness, pain associated with, 539 Imaging, 243–302. See also specific modalities computed tomography (CT), 297 echocardiography, 297 fluoroscopy, 298 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 298 nuclear medicine (scintigraphy), 298 radiology, 245–296 ultrasonography, 299–302 Imidacloprid, 807 Imidazole, 807 Immiticide. See Melarsomine Immune system, evaluation of pediatric patient, 31 Immunization, 846. See also Vaccination Immunoblot, 187 Immunocytes, 175 Immunodiffusion (AGID), 186 Immunofluorescence assay (IFA), 186 Immunogenic, 846 Immunology tests, 186–187 antinuclear antibody (ANA), 187 complement fixation, 186 Coombs test (direct antiglobulin test), 186 direct IFA, 186 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), 186 hemagglutination assay, 186 hemagglutination inhibition assay, 186 immunodiffusion (AGID), 186 immunofluorescence assay (IFA), 186 immunoperoxidase test (PAP), 187 indirect IFA, 187 intradermal tests, 187 latex agglutination, 187 polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 187 radioimmunoassay, 187 rheumatoid factor, 187 virus neutralization, 187 western blot (immunoblot), 187 Immunoperoxidase test (PAP), 187 Imodium. See Loperamide Impetigo, 846 Imprints, 126 Imuran. See Azathioprine Inanimate, 846 Incisal, 846 Inclusions RBC, 165, 169, 170, 177, CP-12, CP-13, CP-17 WBC, 174, 178, CP-18 Incontinence, 846 Inderal. See Propranolol Indirect IFA, 187 Indole test, 194 Inertia, 846 Infarction, 846 Infectious disease, 373–378. See also specific diseases brucellosis, 373–374 ehrlichiosis, 373–374 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 375–376 salmon poisoning, 375–376 tetanus, 377–378 toxoplasmosis, 377–378 Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), 81, 361–362 Infraorbital, 846 Inhalant anesthetics, 684–686 desflurane, 686 isoflurane, 685 overview, 684 sevoflurane, 685 Injectable induction anesthetics, 677–683 alfaxalone, 682 barbiturates, 677–678 cyclohexamines, 679–680 etomidate, 683 propofol, 681 Injections, 497 Injury, pain levels associated with, 539 Inotropes, 428 Insecticides, toxic doses, 459 Instruments dental hand-held, 691, 692 maintenance, 692 mechanical, 693 sharpening, 692, 693 surgical packs, 720–721 Insulin, 820 administration, 512 CRI, 511 dilution, 510–511 handling, 510 monitoring for hypoglycemia, 514 monitoring response, 513 syringes, 511 types, 510 Integumentary system, surgery of abscess, superficial, 739 laceration, superficial, 739 mass removal, 740 onychectomy, 740 overview, 738 Interceptor. See Milbemycin oxime Intercostal, 846 Intercostal and interpleural block, 638 Interdental, 846 Interferon, 807 Intermediate cells, in vaginal cytology, 150, CP-10, 0 CP-11 Intermediate host, 846 Intermittent partial pressure ventilation, 846 Internal organs anatomy, 9 left lateral view, CP-1 liver and kidney, 10 right lateral view, CP-1 ventral view, 10 0, CP-1 Interpleural, 846 Intervertebral disk disease, 389–390 Intestinal resection and anastomosis, 738 Intra-articular block, 639 Intracellular, 846 Intradermal tests, 187 Intrafungol. See Itraconazole Intramuscular anesthesia induction, 631 Intramuscular injection (IM), 497 Intraorally, 846 Intraosseous fluid administration, 518 Intraosseus, 846 Intraosseus catheter, 500–501 Intraperitoneal fluid administration, 518 Intratesticular block, 639 Intravenous anesthesia induction, 631 Intravenous catheter, 498–501 arterial, 500–501 intraosseus, 500–501 jugular, 498–499 monitoring and maintenance, 501 peripheral, 498–499 Intravenous fluid administration, 518 Intravenous injection (IV), 497 Intravenous pyelography (IVP), 294–295 Intravenous regional block, 640 Intravenous urography (IVU), 294–295 Intrinsic, 846 Intron-A. See Interferon Intussusception, 846 Iodine/iodophors, 830 Ipecac, syrup of, 807–808 IPPV (intermittent positive-pressure ventilation), 630 Ipsilateral, 846 Iridodonesis, 846 Iron-deficiency anemia, 170, 0 171, CP-14 Iron storage, CP-4 Irrigation, during dentistry, 695 Ischemia, 846 Ischemic, 846 Isoantibody, 846 Isoechoic, 846 Isoerythrolysis, 846 IsoFlo. See Isoflurane Isoflurane, 685 Isosmolar, 846 Isospora spp., 208, 210, 216, 6 CP-21 Isothenuric, 846 Isotonic solution, 846 Itraconazole, 808 Ivermectin, 808 INDEX 887 Ivomec. See Ivermectin IVP (intravenous pyelography), 294–295 IVU (intravenous urography), 294–295 Ixodes dammini, 48 Jaundice, 846 Jejunostomy tube, 93 Joints arthritis acute, 379–380 degenerative joint disease (DJD), 379–380 contrast study (arthrography), 290 evaluation of geriatric patient, 31 goniometry, 771 hip dysplasia, 381–382 osteochondrosis, 383–384 Jugular intravenous catheter, 498–499 Jugular vein, venous blood collection, 496 Kainair. See Proparacaine hydrochloride Kaolin-pectin, 808 Karyo, 846 KBr. See Potassium bromide KCS (keratoconjunctivitis sicca), 413–415 Kefsol. See Cephalexin Kennel cough. See Tracheobronchitis, infectious Keppra. See Levetiracetam Keratitis nonulcerative, 413–415 ulcerative, 413–415 Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), 413–415 Keratocytes (bite or helmet cells), 167, 171, CP-14 Ketalean. See Ketamine Ketamine, 630, 679, 680, 808 Ketanserin, 573 Ketaset. See Ketamine Ketoacidosis, 510 Ketoconazole, 808 Ketofen. See Ketoconazole Ketonuria, 228 Ketoprofen, 554, 808 888 INDEX Kidney anatomy, 10 evaluation of geriatric patient, 31 palpation, 25 pyelonephritis, 417–419 renal failure acute (ARAF), 420–422 chronic (CRF), 420–422 toxicity, chemotherapy, 508 ultrasonography, 300 Kilocalorie, 846 Kiltix. See Pyrethrins Kittens. See Pediatric patients Knot tying, 760 Knott’s technique, modified, 219 KOH preparation, 190 L-asparaginase, 809 Labor, 29 Laboratory medicine, 103–242 blood chemistries, 107–118 bone marrow evaluation, 119–126 cytology, 126–152 function tests, 153–159 hematology, 160–185 immunology and serology, 186–187 key words and terms, 105–106 microbiology, 188–202 monitoring fluid therapy, 523 parasitology, 203–224 preanesthetic evaluation, 619 urinalysis, 224–242 Laceration, superficial, 739 Lacrimation, 846 Lactated Ringer’s, 519, 520 Lactophenol cotton blue, 196 Lactulose, 809 Laminectomy, 846 Lamisil. See Terbinafine Lantus. See Glargine Laryngeal paralysis, 756 Laryngeal saccules, everted, 755 Larynx, physical examination, 23 Laser surgery, 763 Laser therapy, 775 Lasers, therapeutic, 574 Lasix. See Furosemide Lateral oblique, 846–847 Latex agglutination, 187 Lavage, 847 gastric, 603 peritoneal, diagnostic, 604 Laxatone. See Petrolatum, white Lead poisoning, CP-12 Left shift, WBC, 179, 847 Length, measurement of, 827 Lens, luxation, 415–416 Leptocytes (codocytes, target cells), 167, 170, CP-14 Leptospirosis canine, 47–48 microbiology sample collection, 188 Leucine crystals, 232, 239, CP-29 Leukeran. See Chlorambucil Leukocytosis, 847 Leukopenia, 847 Levetiracetam, 809 Levothyroxine sodium, 809 LH (luteinizing hormone), 847 Lice, 221, 223, 224, CP-23, CP-24 Lidocaine, 552, 635, 809, 813, 819 Life stage, 847 Lily, 460 Limbs bandaging, 581–589, 591–597 physical examination, 23, 28, 31 radiographic positioning forelimbs, 269–274 hindlimbs, 275–280 Lincomycin, 809 Line block, 640 Lingually, 847 Linognathus setosus, s 221, 223, CP-23 Lipase, 117 Lipemic, 847 Lipemic samples, 107 Lipid droplets, in urine sediment, 233, 241, CP-30 Lipids/triglycerides, 117, 847 Lipoma, cytology of, 136, 138, 139, CP-6 6, CP-7 Liquamycin. See Oxytetracycline Liquichlor. See Chloramphenicol with prednisone, tetracaine, cerumene Liquid measure, 826 Liver anatomy, 10 evaluation of pediatric patient, 31 palpation, 25 ultrasonography, 300 Liver disease anesthesia considerations, 666 cholangiohepatitis, 351–352 hemangiosarcoma, 405 hepatic lipidosis, 361–362 Local anesthesia, 847 Lochia, 847 Lodine. See Etodolac Lomotil. See Diphenoxylate Lomustine, 809–810 Loperamide, 810 Lopressor. See Metoprolol Lopurin. See Allopurinol Lotrimin. See Clotrimazole Lower gastrointestinal study, 286–287 Lufenuron, 810 Luminal. See Phenobarbital Lungs, physical examination of auscultation, 33 general examination, 24 geriatric, 30 pediatric, 28 Lungworm canine, 210 feline, 208, 214, CP-20 Lutalyse. See Prostaglandin F2α Luteinizing hormone (LH), 847 Luxation, 847 Lyme disease, 41, 47–48 Lymph nodes physical examination, 23, 35 regional, anatomy of, 8 Lymphadenomegaly, 847 Lymphadenopathy, 847 Lymphocytes, 173, CP-9, CP-17 cytology, CP-16 multiple appearances of, 176 reactive, 175, 178, CP-18 vacuolated, 175 Lymphoma canine, 406 cytology, 137, 138, 139, CP-7 feline, 405 large cell, 140 Lymphosarcoma, 405, 406 Lyophilize, 847 Lyse, 847 Lysodren. See Mitotane Maalox. See Aluminum hydroxide MacConkey’s agar, 191 Macrocytosis, 132, 166, 847 Macrokaryosis, 132, 133, 847, CP-4 Macrophages, 847 Magace. See Megestrol acetate Maggots, medicinal, 573 Magnesium, 117 Magnesium, ammonium and phosphate (MAPS) crystals, 232 Magnesium hydroxide, 810 Magnesium sulfate, 207 Magnetic field therapy, 776 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 298 Maintenance solution, 847 Malassezia, 202, CP-19 Malassezia pachydermatis, s 201 Malassimilation, 847 Malignancy cytologic criteria of, 132–135 cytoplasmic criteria of, CP-5 nuclear criteria of, 133, CP-4, CP-5 Malnutrition, 847 Malogex. See Testosterone enanthate Mammary adenocarcinoma, cytology, 136, 137, CP-5 Mammary glands neoplasia, 397–398 palpation, 25 Mannitol, 810 Mannitol salt agar, 191 Manometer, 847 Manubrium, 847 MAP (mean arterial pressure), 479 MAPS (magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate) crystals, 232 Marbofloxacin, 810 Marcaine. See Bupivacaine Marin. See Silymarin Marogen. See Erythropoietin Maropitant citrate, 810 Mass removal, 740 Massage, 773 Mast cell tumor, 137, 140, 397–398, CP-7 Mastitis, 29, 348 Mastocythemia, 847 Mavacoxib, 554, 810 Mean arterial pressure (MAP), 479 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), 163 Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), 163 Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), 163 Meat by-products, 847 Meat meal, 847 Mebendazole, 810 Meclizine, 810–811, 819 Medetomidine, 552, 672, 673, 811 Medrol. See Methylprednisolone Medroxyprogesterone acetate, 811 Megacolon, 353–354 Megaesophagus, 363–364 Megakaryoblasts, 125, CP-3 Megakaryocytes identification of, 125 maturation stages of, 122, CP-3 INDEX 889 Megathrombocytes, 178, 179, CP-18 Megathrombocytosis, 847 Megestrol acetate, 811 Melanoma, 137, 141, 704, CP-8 Melarsomine, 811 Melena, 847 Meloxicam, 554, 811 Menace response, 38, 847 Meningitis, 389–390 Meniscus, 847 Mental health, hospitalized patient care, 470 Mentation, 522, 847 Meperidine, 811–812 Mepivacaine, 635 Mesenchymal, 847 Mesenchymal tumor, cytology, 132, 136 Mesially, 847 Metabolic acidosis, 847 Metabolic alkalosis, 847 Metabolic emergency, 451 Metabolism, 847 Metacam. See Meloxicam Metacarpus, radiographic positioning, 274, 274 Metaldehydes, 459 Metamucil. See Psyllium Metamyelocyte, 123, 125, CP-4 Metarubricyte, 122, 124, 167, 170, 0 CP-4, CP-13 Metastasis, 847 Metatarsals, radiographic positioning, 279, 279, 280 Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), 608 Metestrus, cytology, 151, 152, CP-11 Methadone, 551, 812 Methimazole, 812 Methio-Tabs. See DL-methionine Methitest. See Methyltestosterone Methocarbamol, 812 Methohexital, 677 Methotrexate, 812 Methylated barbiturates, 678 Methylmorphine. See Codeine phosphate Methylprednisolone, 812, 818, 819, 823 Methyltestosterone, 813, 822 890 INDEX Metoclopramide, 813 Metoprolol, 813 Metric units, 825 Metricide, 829 Metritis, 29 Metronidazole, 813 Mexiletine, 813 Mibolerone, 813 Microaggregates, 847 Microbiology, 188–201 bacteria identification, 198–200 culture media, 191–192 inoculation and incubation, 192–193 types, 191 evaluation of growth, 194 fungi identification, 201 in-house lab, setting up, 188 sample collection, 188 handling, 189 storage, 189–190 transport, 190 staining, 195–198 differential stains capsule stain, 195 Diff-Quik, 195 endospore stain, 195 Giemsa stain, 195 Gram stain, 195 lactophenol cotton blue, 196 Ziehl/Neelson, 196 Ziehl/Nelson with brilliant green, 196 Ziehl/Nelson with methylene blue, 196 negative stain, 197 problems, 198 simple stain, 197 Microcytosis, 166 Microfilariae, 847 Microhepatica, 847 Micronutrient, 847 Microsporum caniss, 201, 202, CP-19 Micturition, 847 Midazolam, 671 Milbemycin oxime, 813 Milk thistle. See Silymarin Mineral, 847 Mineral oil, 813 Minipress. See Prazosin Minocin. See Minocycline Minocycline, 813 Miosis, 847 Mirtazapine, 813–814 Misoprostol, 814 Mites, CP-23, CP-24 Mitotane, 814 Mitotic figures, 848 Mitoxantrone, 814 Mixed echogenecity, 848 Mobility devices, assisted, 773 Monocytes, 173, CP-16 multiple appearances of, 176 vacuolated, 176 Morbidity, 848 Mordant, 848 Moribund, 848 Morphine, 674, 676 Morphine sulfate, 551, 814 Mortality, 848 Mouth. See Oral cavity Mouth cells (stomatocytes), 167 Movement, behavior suggesting pain and anxiety, 546 Moxidectin, 814 MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), 298 Mucoceles, 848 Mucomyst. See Acetylcysteine Mucoperiopsteum, 848 Mucopolysaccharidoses, 174 Mucoprotein, 848 Mucopurulent, 848 Mucous membranes anesthesia monitoring, 652 evaluation of, 22 Mucus threads, in urine sediment, 233, 238, CP-28 Muffled lung sounds, 33 Murmurs, 31, 32 Musculature anatomy, 8 physical examination, 30 Musculoskeletal system anesthesia effect on, 645 disorders arthritis, acute, 379–380 cruciate disease, 381–382 degenerative joint disease (DJD), 379–380 hip dysplasia, 381–382 osteochondrosis, 383–384 osteomyelitis, 383–384 panosteitis, 385–386 patellar luxation, medial, 385–386 postanesthetic monitoring, 659 Mushrooms, 460 Muzzle, physical examination, 23 Myalgia, 848 Myasthenia gravis, 391–392, 848 Mycelex. See Clotrimazole Mycifradin. See Neomycin Mycobacterium avium, 144, CP-9 Mycobacterium tuberculosis, s 199 Mycoplasma spp. identification of, 190 M. haemocaniss, 168, 172, CP-15 M. haemofelis, s 168, 169, 172, CP-15 Mycostatin. See Nystatin Mydriasis, 848 Myeloblast, 123, 124, CP-4 Myelocyte, 123, 125, CP-4 Myelography, 289 Myeloid, 848 Myeloid:erythroid ratio, in bone marrow evaluation, 123 Myelopathy, 391–392 Myelosuppressive, 848 Mylanta. See Aluminum hydroxide Myocarditis, 323–324 Myocardium, 848 Myoclonus, 848 Myoglobinuria, 227 Myxedema, 848 Nadir, 848 Nail trimming, 60 Naloxone, 429, 675–676, 814–815 Nanophyetus salminocola, 208, 211, 216 6, CP-21 Narcan. See Naloxone Narcosis, 848 Nares, physical examination, 23 Nasal catheter, 532 Nasal cavity adenocarcinoma, 399 chondrosarcoma, 403 radiographic positioning, 258–259 Nasoesophageal/nasogastric tube, 87–88 Nasopharyngeal polyps, 703 Nebcin. See Tobramycin Nebulization, 608 Neck, physical examination, 23, 30 Necrotic, 848 Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT), 574 Negative staining, 197 Nematode, 848 Nembutal. See Pentobarbital Nemex. See Pyrantel Neomycin, 815 Neonatal patients, 848 anesthesia considerations, 666 emergencies, 451 patient care, 471–473 postoperative care of, 752 resuscitation postcesarean, 751 Neoplasia, 395–396. See also Oncology Neosar. See Cyclophosphamide Neostigmine bromide, 815 Neovascularization, 848 Nephrogram, 848 Nerve blocks, 641, 712–714, 848 caudal infraorbital, 713 caudal mandibular and mandibular nerve, 714 cranial infraorbital, 713 maxillary, 714 middle mental, 713 palatine, 714 Nervous system anatomy, 13, 14, CP-3 postanesthetic monitoring, 660 stages of anesthesia and, 645 Neurolept analgesia, 848 Neurology disorders encephalitis, 386–388 epilepsy, 386–388 intervertebral disk disease, 389–390 meningitis, 389–390 myasthenia gravis, 391–392 myelopathy, 391–392 vestibular disease, 393–394 wobbler syndrome, 393–394 emergencies, 453 neurological examination, 35–38 cranial nerves, 38 front limb reflexes, 37 gait evaluation, 35 hind limb reflexes, 37 postural reactions, 36 sensory evaluation, 36 spinal reflexes, 37 sarcoma chondrosarcoma, 403 fibrosarcoma, 403–404, 704 hemangiosarcoma, 404–405 lymphosarcoma/lymphoma, 405–406 vaccine-induced, 406 surgery disk fenestration, 742 dorsal laminectomy, 742 hemilaminectomy, 742 overview, 741 toxicity, chemotherapy, 507 Neuromuscular system, electrical stimulation of, 775 Neurontin. See Gabapentin Neuropathic, 848 INDEX 891 Neuropathy, 848 Neut. See Sodium bicarbonate Neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH), 815, 824 Neutropenia, 848 Neutrophils, 178, CP-13 bands, 123, 173, 176 6, 178, CP-4, CP-16 6, CP-18 segmented, 123, 173, 177 7, 178, CP-4, CP-16 6, CP-17 7, CP-18 Nicitans, 848 Nictitating membrane flap replacement, 745 90-90 flexion bandage, 595, 595 Nitenpyram, 815 Nitrofurazone, 573 Nitrogenous waste, 848 Nitroglycerin, 815 Nizoral. See Ketoconazole NMB (new methylene blue), 848 Nocardia spp., 199 Nocturia, 848 Nolvasan, 571, 820 Nonadherent bandages, 576 Nonaspirate, for fine needle biopsy, 127 Noncore, 848 Noncornified squamous epithelial cells, 149 Nonrebreathing system, 625, 848 Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), 460 acetaminophen, 553 carprofen, 553 deracoxib, 553 etodolac, 553 firocoxib, 553 ketoprofen, 554 mavacoxib, 554 meloxicam, 554 robenacoxib, 554 Norfloxacin, 815 Normoblasts, 167 Normocellular, 848 Normocellularity, CP-3 Normochronic, 848 Normocyte, 848 Normosol-R, 519 892 INDEX Noroxin. See Norfloxacin Norvasc. See Amlodipine besylate Nose, physical examination, 27 Novantrone. See Mitoxantrone NRS (numerical rating scale), 540 NSAIDs. See Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs Nuclear hypersegmentation, WBC, 175 Nuclear hyposegmentation, WBC, 175 Nuclear medicine, 298 Nucleated red blood cells (nRBC), 161, 167, 170 Nucleoli multiple, of abnormal size and shape, 134 prominent within nucleus, 133 Numerical rating scale (NRS), 540 Nutraceuticals, 568 common, 78 overview, 77 Nutrition, 63–86 body condition score, 67–68 daily caloric requirement worksheet, 68–69 diet history, 65–66 disease nutritional requirements, 79–83 feeding guidelines, 70–73 general, 65 key nutritional factors for puppies and kittens, 72 neonatal and pediatric care, 472 obesity management, 84–85 patient evaluation, 65 pet food evaluation, 74–75 Nutritional support enteral, 86–96, 95–96 administration, 94–95 coax feeding, 86–87 esophagostomy tube, 89, 94 jejunostomy tube, 93, 94 nasoesophageal/nasogastric tube, 87–88, 94 orogastric tube, 86–87 PEG tube, 94 tube options, 94 gastrotomy tube with gastropexy, 91–92 without gastropexy, 90–91 parenteral, 96–100 formulas and calculations, 99–100 partial parenteral nutrition, 97, 100 patient and catheter care, 98 total parenteral nutrition, 97 Nystagmus, 848 Nystatin, 815 Obesity, 848 anesthesia considerations, 665 management, 84 nutritional requirements, 81 weight loss plan worksheet, 85–86 Occlusal, 848 Ocu-Caine. See Proparacaine hydrochloride Oculomotor nerve, evaluation of, 38 Odontoclast, 848 Odontoclastic resorption lesions (ORLs), 703 Oligodontia, 702, 848 Oliguria, 848 Omeprazole, 815 Oncaspar. See L-asparaginase Oncology, 395–406 carcinoma adenocarcinoma anal sac, 399 nasal, 399 pancreas, 399 prostatic, 400 salivary gland, 400 thyroid, 400 squamous cell digit, 401 ear, 401 gingiva, 401 skin, 402 transitional cell bladder, urethra, 402 chemotherapy, 502–509 administration, 502–504 client education, 509 extravasation injury, 505 monitoring response, 502 toxicity, 506–508 chondrosarcoma bone, 403 nasal and paranasal, 403 fibrosarcoma bone, 403 gingiva, 404 hemangiosarcoma bone, 404 heart, 404 liver, 404 spleen, 405 histiocytoma, 397–398 lymphosarcoma/lymphoma canine, 406 feline, 405 osteosarcoma, 406 vaccine-induced sarcoma, 406 mammary gland neoplasia, 397–398 mast cell tumor, 397–398 neoplasia, 395–396 nutritional requirements, 81 oral tumors benign epulides, 704 malignant fibrosarcoma, 704 malignant melanoma, 704 squamous cell carcinoma, 704 Oncosphere, 848 Oncotic pressure, 849 Oncovin. See Vincristine Ondansetron, 816 Onsior. See Robenacoxib Onychectomy, 740, 849 Oocyst, 849 Opacity, 849 Operculum, 849 Ophthaine. See Proparacaine hydrochloride Ophthalmology disorders anterior uveitis, 407–408 cataracts, 407–408 cilia disorders, 411–412 conjunctivitis, 409–410 entropion, 409–410 glaucoma, 411–412 keratitis nonulcerative, 413–415 ulcerative, 413–415 keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), 413–415 lens luxation, 415–416 prolapsed gland of the third eyelid, 415–416 drugs, 429 emergencies, 454 medical procedures fluorescein sodium stain, 606 Schirmer’s test (STT), 606 tonometry, 606 postanesthetic monitoring, 659 stages of anesthesia and, 645 surgery cataracts, 744 conjunctival flap, 745 ectropion, 744 entropion, 744 enucleation, 745 glaucoma, 745 nictitating membrane flap replacement, 745 overview, 743 prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid, 746 proptosis, traumatic, 746 Ophthalmoscopic exam, 38 Ophthetic. See Proparacaine hydrochloride Opioids, 549–551, 674–676 buprenorphine, 549, 674, 675 butorphanal, 674, 675 butorphanol tartrate, 549 codeine/acetaminophen, 549 fentanyl, 674, 675 fentanyl citrate, 550 hydromorphone, 550, 674, 675 methadone, 551 morphine, 674, 676 morphine sulfate, 551 naloxone, 675–676 oxycodone, 551 oxymorphone, 551, 674, 676 remifentanil, 674, 676 tramadol, 555 Optic nerve, evaluation of, 38 Optimmune. See Cyclosporine Oral cavity, physical examination, 23, 27 Orchiectomy, 749–750 Organophosphates, 459, 796 Orogastric tube, 86–87 Oronasal, 849 Orthopedic disease, nutritional requirements, 82 Orthopedics examination, 39 surgery, 746–748 cranial cruciate ligament rupture, 747 femoral head ostectomy, 747 fracture repair, 747 overview, 746 patellar luxation, 748 total hip replacement, 748 triple pelvic osteotomy, 748 Ortolani maneuver, 39 Oscillometric, 849 Osmitrol. See Mannitol Osmolality, 849 Osmotic pressure, 849 Osteochondrosis, 383–384 Osteomyelitis, 383–384 Osteopenia, 849 Osteosarcoma, 406 Osteosarcoma, cytology, 136 Otitis externa, 332–333 Otodectes cynotis, s 221, 223, CP-24 Otomax. See Gentamicin sulfate with betamethasone valerate and clotrimazole Otoscopic examination, 23, 34 Ovaban. See Megestrol acetate Ovariohysterectomy, 749–750 INDEX 893 Ovary, ultrasonography, 301 Overexcited eaters, feeding, 73 Ovitrol. See Pyrethrins Oxidase test, 194 Oxt-Tet 100. See Tetracycline Oxycodone, 551 OxyDex shampoo, 792 Oxygen administration carrier/box, 531 equipment, 531 flow-by, 531 flow rates, 531 humidification, 531 mask, 531 nasal catheter, 532 overview, 531 oxygen hood, 532 tracheostomy, emergency, 533 transtracheal catheter, 533 Oxygen flush valve, 849 Oxygen hood, 532 Oxyglobin, 519, 528 Oxymorphone, 551, 674, 676, 816 Oxytetracycline, 816 Oxytocin, 429, 816 P-R interval, 486 P wave, 486 Packed cell volume (PCV), 160 Packed RBCs (pRBC), 527 Packs, wrapping for sterilization, 725–728 Pain acute, 537 chronic, 537, 538 Pain management, 535–561 to decrease pain and anxiety, 561 drugs, 548–555 adjuvant amantadine, 555 gabapentin, 555 tramadol, 555 894 INDEX alpha-2 agonists dexmedetomidine, 552 medetomidine, 552 xylazine, 552 local bupivacaine, 552 lidocaine, 552 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) acetaminophen, 553 carprofen, 553 deracoxib, 553 etodolac, 553 firocoxib, 553 ketoprofen, 554 meloxicam, 554 robenacoxib, 554 opioids buprenorphine, 549 butorphanol tartrate, 549 codeine (with acetaminophen), 549 fentanyl citrate, 550 hydromorphone, 550 methadone, 551 morphine sulfate, 551 oxycodone, 551 oxymorphone, 551 myths, 537 nondrug approach, 560 overview, 537 pain assessment behaviors suggesting pain and anxiety appetite/elimination, 548 attitude, 546 gait, 545–546 general appearance, 547 movement, 546 physiologic, 548 posture, 545 vocalization, 547 illness, 539 injury, 539 surgical procedures, 540 Pain scale, 540–544 canine acute, 543, CP-31 feline acute, 544, CP-32 Palatine, 849 Palliative, 849 Pallor, 849 Palpate, 849 Palpation landmarks, 7 Palpebral reflex, 38, 652 Panacur. See Fenbendazole Panalog. See Nystatin Pancreas adenocarcinoma, 399 ultrasonography, 301 Pancreatic enzyme replacement, 816 Pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity, 156 Pancreatitis, 365–366 anesthesia considerations, 665 nutritional requirements, 82 Pancytopenia, 849 Panmycin. See Tetracycline Panniculus, 849 Panopthalmitis, 849 Panosteitis, 385–386 PAP (immunoperoxidase test), 187 Papilloma, 849 Papule, 849 Paradoxical respiration, 849 Paramite Dip. See Chlorinated hydrocarbons Paraphimosis, 849 Paraplatin. See Carboplatin Parasites, red blood cell, 168 Parasitology, 203–224 blood parasites, examination methods, 218–219 ectoparasites Cheyletiella, 220, 222, CP-23 Ctenocephalidess spp., 220, 222, CP-23 Cuterebra, 220, 222, CP-23 Demodex caniss, 220, 222, CP-23 Dermacentorr spp., 221, 223, CP-23 examination methods, 219 Linognathus setosus, s 221, 223, CP-23 Otodectes cynotis, s 221, 223, CP-24 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, s 221, 223, CP-24 Sarcoptes scabiei canis, s 221, 224, CP-24 Trichodectes canis, s 221, 224, CP-24 endoparasites Ancylostoma caninum, 208, 208, 214, CP-20 Ancylostoma tabaeforme, 209, 214 Cryptosporidium spp., 209, 214, 215, CP-20 Dipylidium caninum, 208, 209, 215, CP-20 Dirofilaria immitis, s 209, 215, CP-20 Echinococcus granulosus, s 210, 215, CP-21 eggs, relative sizes of, 208 examination methods, 204–206 Baerman technique, 205 centrifugal flotation, 205 direct smear: dry prep, 204 direct smear: wet prep, 204 fecal culture, 206 flotation, 204 gross examination, 204 sedimentation technique, 205 wet mount/fecal culture InPouch, 206 Filaroides osleri, 210 Giardia spp., 210, 216 6, CP-21 Isospora spp., 208, 210, 216 Nanophyetus salminocola, 208, 211, 216 Spirocerca lupi, 211 Taenia spp., 208, 211, CP-21 Toxascaris leonina, 208, 212 Toxocara caniss, 208, 212, 217, 7 CP-22 Toxocara cati, 208, 212, 217, 7 CP-22 Toxoplasma gondii, 208, 213, 217, 7 CP-22 Trichuris vulpis, s 208, 213, 218, CP-22 Uncinaria stenocephala, 208, 213, 218, CP-22 fecal collection, handling, storage, and transport, 203 fecal flotation solutions, 207 RBC, 168, CP-15 in urine sediment, 233 WBC, 175 Paratenic host, 849 Parenteral nutrition, 96–100 administration, 98 formulas and calculations, 99, 100 partial parenteral nutrition (PPN), 96, 97, 98, 100 patient and catheter care, 98 total parenteral nutrition (TPN), 96, 97, 98 Paresis, 35, 849 Park worm, 210 Partial parenteral nutrition (PPN), 96, 97, 98, 100 Parturition, normal, 29 Parulis (gumboil), 703 Parvosol, 829 Parvovirus, canine, 48–49 Passive range of motion (PROM), 774 Pasteurella spp., 199 Patellar luxation, 39, 385–386, 748 Patellar reflex, 37 Patient care, 468–533 blood pressure, overview, 477 blood sampling, 495 blood transfusions, 524–530 administration protocol, 529 blood collection, 496, 525–526 blood products, 527–528 blood types, 524 transfusion reactions, 530 drug administration, 497–514 chemotherapy administration, 502–504 client education, 509 extravasation injury, 505 toxicity, 506–508 injections, 497 insulin administration, 512 monitoring response, 513 types, 510 intravenous catheter placement arterial, 500–501 intraosseous, 500–501 jugular, 498–499 monitoring and maintenance, 501 peripheral, 498–499 fluid therapy, 514–523 colloids, 519 crystalloids, 519–521 drip rate, calculating, 522 fluid additives, 521 hydration assessment, 515–516 monitoring, 522–523 requirements, calculating fluid, 517 routes of administration, 518 hospitalized patient care, 469–470 oxygen therapy, 531–533 patient monitoring blood gas analysis, 481–483 acid-base disturbances, 483 interpretation, 482 blood pressure central venous pressure, 479–480 evaluation, 479 procedure, 478 cold administration, 475 electrocardiogram (ECG) heart rate calculation, 489 interpretation, 486–487 leads, 485 normal canine, 488 procedure, 483–484 rhythm abnormalities, 490–491, 492, 493 heat administration, 474 hospitalized patient, 469–470 monitoring levels, 468–469 neonatal and pediatric care, 471–473 overview, 477 problems and artifacts, 494 recumbent patient care, 476 venipuncture, 494–495 PCR (polymerase chain reaction), 187 PCV (packed cell volume), 160 PD (periodontal disease), 689 Pedal reflex, 652 Pediatric emergencies, 452 INDEX 895 Pediatric patients feeding guidelines, 70 patient care, 471–473 physical examination abdomen, 28 general appearance, 26 head, 27 limbs, 28 perineum and genitals, 28 thorax, 28 PEEP (positive end-expiratory pressure), 849 Pelger-Huët anomaly, 175, 178, CP-18 Pelvis evaluation of, 39 radiographic positioning, 275, 276 PEMF (pulsed electromagnetic field therapy), 776 Penicillamine, 816 Penis, physical examination, 25 Penn-HIP, 849 Pennchlor. See Chlortetracycline Pentobarbital, 677, 816–817 Pentothal. See Thiopental sodium Pentoxifylline, 817 Pepcid. See Famotidine Pepto-Bismol. See Bismuth subsalicylate Percorten pivalate. See Desoxycorticosterone pivalate Percuss, 849 Percutaneous, 849 Perfusion, 849 Periactin. See Cyproheptadine Perianal adenocarcinoma, 138, CP-6 Perianal adenoma, cytology, 136 Perineal reflex, 37 Perineal region, physical examination, 25 Perineum, physical examination, 28 Periodontal, 849 Periodontal disease (PD), 689, 703 Periodontal probe, 692, 692 Perioperative, 849 Periosteal elevators, 692, 692 Peripheral intravenous catheter, 498–499 Peristomal, 849 896 INDEX Peritoneal lavage, diagnostic, 604 Peritoneography, 283 Peritonitis, 365–366 Periuria, 849 Perivascular, 849 Permethrin, 459 Pet food label evaluation, 74–75 Petechiae, 849 Pethidine. See Meperidine Petrolatum, white, 824 Petromalt. See White petrolatum pH, urine, 228 Phalanges, radiographic positioning, 274, 274, 280 Pharmacology, 785–824. See also specific drugs anesthetic drugs, 669–686 anti-inflammatory drugs, 460, 553–554 calculations, 786–787 cancer/chemotherapy drugs, 502–509 emergency drugs, 428–429 inhalant, 684–686 injectable induction, 677–683 ophthalmic drugs, 429 pain management drugs, 548–555 preanesthetics, 670–676 topical wound medications, 572–573 toxicologic drugs, 429 Pharynx, radiographic positioning, 259, 259 Phenergan. See Promethazine Phenobarbital, 817 Phenothiazines, 670 Phenoxybenzamine, 817 Phenylethyl alcohol agar, 191 Phenylpropanolamine, 817 Phillips Milk of Magnesia. See Magnesium hydroxide Philtrum, 849 Phosphorus, inorganic, 116 Photoablation, 849 Phthisis bulbi, 849 Phylloconton. See Aminophylline Physical examination, 21–39 abdominal examination, 34 cardiac, 31–32 general examination, 21–25 abdomen, 25 head and neck, 23 history, 21 perineal, 25 thoracic cavity, 24 trunk and limbs, 24 vital signs, 21–22 geriatric, 30–31 blood, 31 general appearance, 30 genitals, 31 head, 30 immune system, 31 internal organs, 30–31 limbs, 31 monitoring fluid therapy, 522 neurological, 35–38 cranial nerves, 38 front limb reflexes, 37 gait evaluation, 35 hind limb reflexes, 37 postural reactions, 36 sensory evaluation, 36 spinal reflexes, 37 technique, 35 orthopedic, 39 otoscopic examination, 34 pediatric, 26–28 abdomen, 28 general appearance, 26 head, 27 limbs, 28 perineum and genitals, 28 thorax, 28 preanesthetic evaluation, 619 preliminary, 21–25 pulmonary, 33 regional lymph node, 35 Physical rehabilitation, 770 aquatic/hydrotherapy, 773 assisted mobility devices, 773 benefits of, 771–772 cold therapy, 777 examinations, 770 exercise, therapeutic, 774 heat therapy, 777 massage, 773 measurements, 771 stretching, 774 ultrasound, therapeutic, 778 Physical therapy, hospitalized patient care, 470 Physostigmine, 817 Phytotherapy, 849 Pica, 849 Pimobendan, 817 Pipa-Tabs. See Piperazine Piperazine, 818 Piroxicam, 818 Pitocin. See Oxytocin Pitressin. See Vasopressin Placenta, expulsion of, 29 Placing, 36 Planning, 849 Plaque, 849 charting, 697 composition of, 689 Plaque index (PI), 697 Plasma, 849 Plasma cell tumor, cytology, 137, 141, CP-8 Plasma-Lyte A, 520 Plate inoculation, 192 Platelets cell type identification, 125 estimate, 162, 181 megathrombocyte, 179, CP-18 morphology, 179, CP-13, CP-17 thrombocytopenia, 371–372 Platinol. See Cisplatin Pleomorphic, 132, 849 Pleomorphism, 850 Pleural effusion, 24, 323–324 Pleuritis, 850 Pneumogastrogram, 284–285 Pneumonia, 325–326 Pneumoperitoneum, 850 Poikilocytosis, 167, 170 0, 850, CP-6, 6 CP-14 Poison Control, 432 Polishers, dental, 695 Pollakiuria, 850 Pollen, in urine, 242 Polychromasia, 166, 169, 170 Polychromathilic erythrocyte, 122, CP-4 Polychromatophilic, 850 Polychromatophilic cells, CP-14 Polychromatophilic erythrocytes, 178, CP-12, CP-18 Polycythemia, 850 Polydipsia, 850 Polydontia (supernumerary), 702, 850 Polyflex. See Ampicillin Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), 187 Polysulfated glycosaminoglycans, 818 Polyuria, 850 Pop-off valve, 850 Portprandial alkaline tide, 850 Postpartum, 29 Postprandial, 850 Postural reactions, 36 Posture, behaviors suggesting pain and anxiety, 545 Potassium, 118 Potassium bromide, 818 Potassium chloride, 521 Povidone-iodine, 571, 830 PPN (partial parenteral nutrition), 96, 97, 98, 100 Praziquantel, 818 Prazosin, 818 Prednisolone, 818 Prednisolone sodium succinate, 818 Prednisone, 819 Predromal, 850 Preemptive scoring system, for pain, 540 Pregnancy abortion, 336–337 dystocia, 340–341 labor and parturition, 29 Prekeratocytes, 166 Prepatent period, 850 Preprandial, 850 Pressure relief valve (pop-off valve), 850 Previcox. See Firocoxib Prilosec. See Omeprazole Procainamide, 819 Procan SR. See Procainamide Prochlorperazine, 819 Procrit. See Erythropoietin Proestrus, cytology, 152, CP-11 Proglottid, 850 Prognathism, 702, 850 Program. See Lufenuron; Nitenpyram Progranulocyte/promyelocyte, 124 Proin. See Phenylpropanolamine Prolapsed gland of the third eyelid, 415–416 Prolotherapy, 783 Promace. See Acepromazine; Acepromazine maleate Promazine, 670 Promegakaryoblast, 125 Promegakaryocyte, 122, CP-3 Promethazine, 819 Promyelocyte, 123, CP-4 Pronestyl. See Procainamide Pronotal, 850 Propagest. See Phenylpropanolamine Propantheline, 819 Proparacaine hydrochloride, 819 Prophylactic, 850 PropoFlo. See Propofol Propofol, 681 Propranolol, 819 Proprioception, 850 Proprioceptive positioning, 36 Proptosis, traumatic, 746 Propulsid. See Cisapride Prorubricyte, 122, 124, CP-4 Prostaglandin F2α, 819 Prostate gland adenocarcinoma, 400 carcinoma, CP-6 ultrasonography, 301 INDEX 897 Prostatic carcinoma, cytology, 138 Prostigmine. See Neostigmine bromide Protein defined, 850 urine, 228 Protein: creatinine ratio, 228 Protein C activity assay, 182 Protein induced by vitamin K antagonism/absence (PIVKA test), 183 Protein-losing enteropathy, 367–368 Proteinuria, 228 Proteoglycan, 850 Proteuss spp., 200 Prothrombin, 180 Prothrombin time (PT), 183 Protopic. See Tacrolimus Protozoa, 147, 850 Proventil. See Albuterol Provera. See Medroxyprogesterone acetate Prozac. See Fluoxetine Pruritus, 24, 850 Pseudoephedrine, 460 Pseudomonass spp., 200 Psychogenic, 850 Psyllium, 819 PT (prothrombin time), 183 PTX. See Pentoxifylline Ptyalism, 850 Puerperal, 850 Pulmonary examination, 33 Pulp cavity, 850 Pulse evaluation of, 21, 22 monitoring fluid therapy, 522 Pulse deficits, 850 Pulse oximetry, 21 Pulse pressure, 477 Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy (PEMF), 776 Pupillary light reflex, 652 Puppies. See Pediatric patients Purulent, 850 898 INDEX Pyelogram, 850 Pyelonephritis, 417–419 Pyknosis, 175 Pyknotic, 850 Pyoben. See Benzoyl Pyoderma, 334–335 deep, 334–335 superficial, 334–335 surface, 334–335 Pyometra, 349–350 Pyrantel, 819 Pyrethrins/pyrethroids, 459, 819 Pyrexia, 850 Q-T interval, 487 QRS, 486 Quaternary ammonium, 830 Quibron-T/SR. See Theophylline Quinidine, 820 Rabies disease, 48–49 vaccine, 41, 42 Radenarcon. See Etomidate Radiation, pain management, 560 Radiation therapy brachytherapy, 764 systemic therapy, 764 teletherapy, 764 Radiography, 245–296 alterations of technique, 253–255 contrast studies, 281–296 abdominal, 283 fistulography, 283 gastrointestinal esophagography, 284–285 gastrography, 285 lower GI, 286–287 upper GI, 286–287 head dacryocystorhinography, 288 sialography, 288 joint (arthrography), 290 media types, 282 spinal discography, 290 epidurography, 289 myelography, 289 urethography canine, 291–292 feline, 292 urinary tract cystography, 295–296 excretory urography (EU), 294 intravenous pyelography (IVP), 294–295 intravenous urography (IVU), 294 vaginal, 293 dental equipment, 704 positioning caudal mandibular view, 708 caudal maxillary view, 710 maxillary view, 710 rostral mandibular view, 707, 709 rostral maxillary view, 706, 709 rostral oblique view, 707 radiographic film, 705 technique chart, 705 techniques, 706 digital, 245 equipment, 246 exposure and image factors, 247 exposure evaluation, 250 positioning, 255–281 abdomen, 257, 257 directional terms, 256 head, 258–262 nasal cavities and sinuses, 258–259 pharynx, 259, 259 skull, 260 temporomandibular joint, 261 tympanic bullae, 261 zygomatic arch, 262 hindlimbs, 277–280 femur, 277 fibula, 277, 278 metatarsals, 279, 280 stifles, 277, 278 tarsus, 279, 279 tibia, 277, 278 pelvis, 275, 276 positional terms, 256 shoulder and forelimbs elbow, 271, 272 humerus, 270 metacarpus and phalanges, 274, 274 radius/ulna, and carpus, 273 scapula-shoulder, 269, 270 spine, 262–268 caudal, 268 cervical, 264, 265 lateral positioning, 263 sacrum, 268, 268 thoracic, 266 throacolumbar, 267 ventrodorsal positioning, 263 thorax, 280, 281 scale of contrast evaluation, 251–252, 252, 253, 253 technique charts, 248–249 Radioimmunoassay, 187 Radiology, interventional, 302 Radiolucent, 850 Radiopaque, 850 Radiopharmaceutical drugs, 850 Radius, radiographic positioning, 273 Rales, 24, 33, 850 Range of motion (ROM), 770 Ranitidine, 820 Rapinovet. See Propofol RBC. See Red blood cell Reactive lymphocyte (immunoytes), 175 Rebreathing bag, 850 Rebreathing system, 625, 850 Receptor, 850 Reconile. See Fluoxetine Rectal thermometer, 22, 26 Red blood cell (RBC) arrangement agglutination, 165, 168, CP-12 Rouleaux formation, 165 cast, 231, 237 7, CP-27 cell type identification, 124 color central pallor, CP–16 hypochromasia, 166 polychromasia, 166 count, 160 erythrocyte maturation stages, 122 inclusions basophilic stippling, 165, CP-12 distemper, 165, CP-12 Heinz bodies, 165, CP-13 Howell-Jolly bodies, 165, CP-12, CP-13, CP-17 maturation stages of, CP-4 nucleated (nRBC), 161, 167, 170, 0 CP-13 parasites Babesia spp., 168, CP-15 Cytauxzoon felis, s 168, CP-15 Mycoplasma haemocanis, s 168, CP-15 Mycoplasma haemofelis, s 168, CP-15 shape acanthocyte (spur cell), 166, CP-14 blister cell (prekeratocyte), 166, CP-14 crenation, 166 dacrocyte, 167 eccenthrocyte (hemi-ghost cell), 167 echinocytes (Burr cells), 167 keratocyte (bite or helmet cell), 167, CP-14 leptocyte (codocyte, target cell), 167, CP-14 nucleated RBCs, 167 poikilocyte, 167, CP-14 schistocyte, 167, CP-14 spherocyte, 167, CP-12, CP-13 stomatocyte (mouth cell), 167 torocyte, 168 size anisocytosis, 166 macrocytosis, 166 microcytosis, 166 in urine sediment, 230, 236, 6 CP-26 Redundant, 851 Refeeding syndrome, 95, 851 Reflexes. See also specific reflexes anesthesia monitoring, 652 front limb, 37 hind limb, 37 spinal, 37 Regional anesthesia, 851 Reglan. See Metoclopramide Regulator, 851 Rehabilitation. See Physical rehabilitation Remeron. See Mirtazapine Remifentanil, 674, 676, 820 Renal epithelial cells, 233, 240, 0 CP-29 Renal system contrast study, 294–296 disease anesthesia considerations, 667 nutritional requirements, 82 pyelonephritis, 417–419 renal failure acute (ARF), 420–422 chronic (CRF), 420–422 emergencies, 455 toxicity, chemotherapy, 508 ultrasonography, 300, 301 Replacement solution, 851 Repolarization, 851 Reproductive system disorders abortion, 336–337 dystocia, 340–341 eclampsia, 340–341 mastitis, 348 pyometra, 349–350 emergencies, 456 INDEX 899 Reproductive system (continued) d surgery cesarean section, 749–750 neonatal resuscitation postcesarean, 751 orchiectomy, 749–750 ovariohysterectomy, 749–750 RER (resting energy requirement), 68, 851 Reservoir bag, 851 Respirator, 428 Respiratory acidosis, 851 Respiratory alkalosis, 851 Respiratory rate normal, 33 normal values, 21, 28 Respiratory sinus arrhythmias, 490 Respiratory system anesthesia monitoring, 650 disease anesthesia considerations, 667 asthma, bronchitis, and bronchopulmonary disease (feline), 307–308 brachycephalic airway syndrome, 307–308 bronchitis (canine), 309–311 pleural effusion, 323–324 pneumonia, 325–326 rhinitis/sinusitis, 326–328 tracheal collapse, 326–328 emergencies, 457 emergency survey, 433 medical procedures coupage, 608 metered-dose inhalers (MDIs), 608 nebulization, 608 thoracocentesis, 607 thoracostomy tube placement, 607 monitoring fluid therapy, 522 postanesthetic monitoring, 659 stages of anesthesia and, 644 surgery elongated soft palate resection, 755 everted laryngeal saccules, 755 laryngeal paralysis, 756 900 INDEX stenotic nares resection, 755 tracheal collapse, 756 Resting energy requirement (RER), 68, 851 Reticulocyte, 124 count, 162 types, 170, 0 CP-13 Retinopathy, 851 Retrograde, 851 Revolution. See Selamectin Rheumatoid factor, 187 Rhinitis, 326–328 Rhipicephalus sanguineus, s 221, 223, CP-24 Rhonchi, 24, 33, 851 Rickettsia, 200 Rimadyl. See Carprofen Ring block, 641 Riopan. See Magnesium hydroxide Riskettsiae, 851 Robaxin. See Methocarbamol Robenacoxib, 554, 820 Robert Jones bandage, 587 7, 587–589, 588, 589 Robinul. See Glycopyrrolate Rocaltrol. See Calcitriol Roccal-D, 830 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 375–376 Rodenticides, 460, 851 Roferon-A. See Interferon Rolaids. See Calcium carbonate ROM (range of motion), 770 Rompun. See Xylazine Root planing, 695, 698 Ropivacaine, 635 Rouleaux formation, 165, 851 Round cell tumor, cytology, 132, 137 Roundworm, 212, 217 7, CP-22 Rubriblast, 122, 124, CP-4 Rubricyte, 122, 124, 170, 0 CP-4, CP-13 Rulax II. See Magnesium hydroxide S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe), 820 S-adenosylmethionine + silybin, 820 S-T elevation, 492 S-T interval, 487 S-T segment depression, 491 S-T segment elevation, 491 Salicylic acid, 820 Salivary glands adenocarcinoma, 400 physical examination, 23 Salmon poisoning, 375–376 Salmon poisoning fluke, 211, 216, 6 CP-21 Salmonella, 200 Sandimmune. See Cyclosporine Santes’ rule, 851 Saphenous vein, venous blood collection, 496 Sarcoma chondrosarcoma, 403 fibrosarcoma, 403–404, 704 hemangiosarcoma, 404–405 lymphosarcoma/lymphoma, 405–406 osteosarcoma, 406 vaccine-induced, 406 Sarcoptes scabiei canis, s 221, 224, CP-24 Scale of contrast evaluation, 251–253 Scaler hand-held, 692, 692 mechanical, 693 Scapula, radiographic positioning, 269 Scavenger hose, 851 Scavenger system, 851 Schiff-Sherrington posture, 851 Schirmer’s test (STT), 606 Schistocyte (helmet cells), 167, 170 0, 171, CP-14 Scleral injection, 851 Sclerosed, 851 Scrapings, 126 Scrotum physical examination, 25 ultrasonography, 301 Sebaceous gland tumor, cytology, 136 SebaLyt shampoo. See Sulfur Sebbafon. See Salicylic acid; Sulfur Seborrheic, 851 Second-gas effect, 851 Sectrol. See Pyrethrins Sedation, 851 Sedimentation technique, 205 Selamectin, 820 Selegeline-l-deprenyl, 821 Self-trauma, preventing, 761 Sensorcaine. See Bupivacaine Sensory evaluation, 36 Sensory reflex, 38 Sentinel. See Milbemycin oxime Septate, 851 Septicemia, 851 Sequestra, 851 Serology tests, 186–187 Seroma, 142, 851, CP-8 Serosanguineous, 851 Serous, 851 Serum, 851 Sevin. See Carbamates Sevoflo. See Sevoflurane Sevoflurane, 685 Sharpening stones, 692, 693 Sheather’s solution, 207 Shock cardiogenic, 445–446 categories of, 444 hypovolemic, 445–446 septic, 445–446 Shoulder, radiographic positioning, 269, 270 Sialography, 288 Sibul. See Etomidate Sighthounds, anesthesia considerations for, 668 Signalment, 851 Silver sulfadiazine (SSD), 573 Silymarin, 821 Simple descriptive scale (SDS), 540 Simple staining, 197 Sinus arrhythmia, 490 Sinuses chondrosarcoma, 403 radiographic positioning, 258–259 Sinusitus, 326–328 Skeletal system anatomy, 8, 690 dorsal view, 9 musculoskeletal disorders, 379–386 Skin abscess, superficial, 739 evaluating, 26 laceration, superficial, 739 mass removal, 740 monitoring fluid therapy, 522–523 physical examination, 30 squamous cell carcinoma, 402 turgor, 853 Skull physical examination, 27 radiographic positioning, 260 Slant inoculation, 192 Slings Ehmer, 593, 593–594, 594 Velpeau, 596, 596 Slo-Bid. See Theophylline Slough, 851 Small intestines, palpation, 25 Smear blood, 128, 164, 218–219 bone marrow, 119 cytology, 128–130 fecal for parasitology, 204 Snakebite envenomation, 461 Sodium, 118 Sodium bicarbonate, 521, 821 Sodium chloride, 207 fluid therapy, 520 wound cleaning solution, 571 Sodium hypochlorite solution, diluted, 572 Sodium nitrate, 207 Soft palate resection, elongated, 755 Soft tissue sarcoma, cytology, 136 Solu-cortef. See Hydrocortisone sodium succinate Solu-Delta-Cortef. See Prednisolone sodium succinate Somnotol. See Pentobarbital Sonic cleaning, 693 Sotalol, 821 Sparine. See Promazine Specific gravity, urine (USG), 226, 851 Sperm, in urine, 229, 242 Spherocytes, 167, 168, 178, CP-12, CP-13, CP-18 Spider bite envenomation, 461 Spinal hyperpathia, 36 Spinal reflexes, evaluation, 37 Spine contrast studies discography, 290 epidurography, 289 myelography, 289 radiographic positioning, 262–268 caudal, 268, 268 cervical, 264, 265 lateral positioning, 263 sacrum, 268, 268 thoracic-lumbar, 266, 267 thoracolumbar, 267 ventrodorsal positioning, 263 Spirillum, 147 Spirocerca lupi, 211 Spirochetes, 147, 148, 200, CP-10 Spironolactone, 821 Splash block, 641 Spleen hemangiosarcoma, 404 ultrasonography, 300 Splenectomy, 851 Splints, distal limb, 591, 591–592, 592 Sporangia, 851 Sporangium, 852 Sporanox. See Itraconazole Sporulated, 852 Spur cell, 166 INDEX 901 Squamous cell carcinoma cytology, 136, 138 digit, 401 ear, 401 gingiva, 401, 704 skin, 402 Squamous epithelial cells, 233, 241, CP-30 cornified, 149 noncornified, 149 Squash-modified preparation, 129 Squash preparation, 129 Stains acid-fast, 189 Diff-Quik, 195 differential, 161 Giemsa, 195 Gram, 190, 195 lactophenol cotton blue, 196 negative, 197 ophthalmic, 606 simple, 197 Wright’s, modified, 195 Ziehl/Neelson, 196 Ziehl/Neelson with brilliant green, 196 Ziehl/Neelson with methylene blue, 196 Staphylococcus aureus/intermedius, s 200 Starch granules, in urine, 242, 242, CP-30 Starfish preparation, 130 Static magnet therapy, 776 Steatorrhea, 852 Stenosis, 852 Stenotic nares resection, 755 Sternotomy, median, 754 Stertor, 33, 852 Stethoscope. See Auscultation Stifle evaluation of, 39 radiographic positioning, 277, 278 Stimate. See Desmopressin acetate Stomach tube, 603 Stomatitis, 703, 852 Stomatocytes (mouth cells), 167 902 INDEX Strabismus, 38, 852 Stranguria, 852 Stratum corneum, 852 Streptococcuss spp., 200 Stretching, 774 Stridor, 33, 852 Strongid-T. See Pyrantel Struvite crystals, 83 Subcutaneous fluid administration, 518 Subcutaneous injection, 497 Subgingivally, 852 Sublimaze. See Fentanyl citrate Sublingually, 852 Subutex. See Buprenorphine Suckle reflex, 26, 27 Sucralfate, 821 Sugar solution, 207 Sulcus, 852 Sulfadiazine, 821, 822 Sulfadimethoxine, 821–822 Sulfonamide crystals, 232, 239, CP-29 Sulfur, 822 Superchar. See Activated charcoal Supernatant, 852 Supernumerary, 852 Suppurative, 852 Supragingivally, 852 Suprane. See Desflurane Supraventricular, 852 Surfak. See Docusate calcium Surgery, 717–765, 742, 754 abdominal anal sacculectomy, 736 complications, 732 enterotomy, 736 gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV), 736 gastrotomy, 736 hepatectomy, partial, 733 hernia, 733 intestinal resection and anastomosis, 738 overview, 731 splenectomy, 734 surgical scrub pattern, 730 alternative options, 761–765 aural hematoma, 735 lateral ear canal resection, 735 overview, 734 cryosurgery, 765 endoscopic, 761–762 folding drapes for sterilization, 724 folding gowns for sterilization, 721–724 instrument packs, 720–721 integumentary abscess, superficial, 739 laceration, superficial, 739 mass removal, 740 onychectomy, 740 overview, 738 knot tying, 760 laser, 763 neurology disk fenestration, 742 dorsal laminectomy, 742 hemilaminectomy, 742 overview, 741 ophthalmic, 743–746 cataracts, 744 conjunctival flap, 745 ectropion, 744 entropion, 744 enucleation, 745 glaucoma, 745 nictitating membrane flap replacement, 745 overview, 743 prolapse of the gland of the third eyelid, 746 proptosis, traumatic, 746 orthopedic, 746–748 cranial cruciate ligament rupture, 747 femoral head ostectomy (FHO), 747 fracture repair, 747 overview, 746 patellar luxation, 748 total hip replacement, 748 triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO), 748 pain levels, 540 postoperative care protocol, 760 preoperative protocol, 728–729 radiation therapy brachytherapy, 764 systemic therapy, 764 teletherapy, 764 reproductive tract, 749–750 cesarean section, 749–750 neonatal resuscitation postcesarean, 751 orchiectomy, 749–750 ovariohysterectomy, 749–750 overview, 749 postoperative care of neonate and dam, 752 respiratory, upper, 755–756 elongated soft palate resection, 755 everted laryngeal saccules excision, 755 laryngeal paralysis, 756 stenotic nares resection, 755 tracheal collapse, 756 self-trauma, preventing, 761 surgical preparation, 730–731 suture techniques, 758–759 temperature therapy cryosurgery, 765 hyperthermia, 765 thoracic, 753–754 overview, 753 sternotomy, median, 754 thoracotomy, intercostal, 754 urogenital tract, 756–758 cystotomy, 757 overview, 756 urethrostomy perineal, 757 prescrotal, 758 scrotal, 758 wrapping packs for sterilization, 725–728 Surital. See Thiamylal sodium Suture patterns, 758–759 Swabs, 127 Swallowing reflex, 652, 656 Symblepharon, 852 Syncope, 852 Synechiae, 852 Synotic. See Dimethyl sulfoxide and fluocinolone acetonide Synthroid. See Levothyroxine sodium Syntocinon. See Oxytocin Syringe selection, for fine needle biopsy, 127 Syrup of ipecac, 807–808 Systemic therapy, 764 Systolic, 852 T lymphocyte, 852 T wave, 487 Tachycardia, 32 Tacrolimus, 822 Taenia spp., 208, 211, 217, 7 CP-21 T. pisiformis, s 211 T. taeniaeformis, s 211 Tagamet. See Cimetidine Tail bandage, 589 Tapazole. See Methimazole Tapeworm, 209, 210, 211, 215, CP-20, 0 CP-21 Target cells, 167 Tarsus, radiographic positioning, 279, 279 Tartar, 689 TBT (toenail bleeding time), 181 TCM (traditional Chinese medicine), 778–779 Technicare, 571, 829 Telazol. See Tiletamine Telephone emergency assessment, 430 Teletherapy, 764 Telmin. See Mebendazole Temperament, assessment of, 26 Temperature, body cold administration, 475 evaluation of, 22 heat administration, 474 monitoring fluid therapy, 522–523 neonatal and pediatric care, 471 pediatric patient, 26 Temperature, conversion of values, 831 Temperature therapy cold therapy (cryotherapy), 777 heat therapy (hyperthermia), 765, 777 Temporomandibular joint, radiographic positioning, 261 Tenesmus, 852 Tenormin. See Atenolol TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), 775 Tensilon. See Edrophonium chloride Terbinafine, 822 Terbutaline sulfate, 822 Terramycin. See Oxytetracycline Testex. See Testosterone propionate Testicle, ultrasonography of, 301 Testosterone cypionate, 822 Tetanus, 377–378 Tetany, 852 Tetracycline staining, tooth, 704 Theo-Dur. See Theophylline Theobromine, 461 Theophylline, 822 Thermoregulation anesthesia monitoring, 653 postanesthetic monitoring, 660 Thermotherapy, 777 Thiamylal sodium, 677 Thiobarbiturates, 678 Thioglycollate broth, 191 Thiopental sodium, 677 Third eyelid, prolapsed gland of, 415–416, 746 Thoracocentesis, 607 Thoracostomy tube placement, 607 Thorax physical examination, 24 pulmonary examination, 33 radiographic positioning, 280, 281 INDEX 903 d Thorax (continued) surgery overview, 753 sternotomy, 754 thoracotomy, intercostal, 754 ultrasonography, 302 Thorazine. See Chlorpromazine Throat, physical examination, 23 Thrombin time (TT), 182 Thrombocytes, 179 Thrombocytopathia, 852 Thrombocytopenia, 371–372, 852 Thromboembolism, 852 Thrombophlebitis, 852 Thrombosis, 852 Thrombus, 852 Thyro-tabs. See Levothyroxine sodium Thyroid gland adenocarcinoma, 400 hyperthyroidism, 344–345 hypothyroidism, 346–347 physical examination, 23 Thyroid hormone basal serum, 157 free, 157 Thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH), stimulating test, 158 Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration, 158 Thyroid storm, 852 Tibia, radiographic positioning, 277, 278 Tibial compression test/tibial thrust, 39 Ticks, CP-23, CP-24 Tidal volume, 852 Tie-over bandage, 590 Tigan. See Trimethobenzamide Tiletamine, 679, 680 TOBI. See Tobramycin Tobramycin, 822–823 904 INDEX Toenail bleeding time (TBT), 181 Toenails physical examination, 30 trimming, 60 Tonicity, 852 Tonometry, 606 Tooth anatomical disorders, 702–703 anatomy, 690 brushing, 58 cleaning procedure, 695 dental charting, 697–701 evaluation of, 696 extraction, 696, 698, 711–712 fluoride treatment, 696 fractures, 698, 703 home dental care, 58, 696 malpositioned, 698 missing, 698 mobility, 698 persistent deciduous, 702 polishing, 695 radiology, 704–710 sealant applications, 696 supernumerary, 698 tetracycline staining, 704 worn, 698 Topical anesthesia, 852 Torbugesic. See Butorphanol Torbutrol. See Butorphanol Torocytes, 168 Tortuous, 852 Total hip replacement, 748 Total parenteral nutrition (TPN), 96–98 Total protein, 118, 523 Total protein concentration, 160 Toxascaris leonina, 208, 212 Toxiban. See Activated charcoal Toxic change, 852 Toxicology drugs, 429 emergencies, 458 insecticides, 459 rodenticides, 460 Toxocara caniss, 212, 217 7, CP-22 Toxocara cati, 208, 212, 217, 7 CP-22 Toxoplasma gondii, 144, 208, 213, 217 7, CP-9, CP-22 Toxoplasmosis, 377–378 TP (total protein concentration), 160 TPN (total parenteral nutrition), 96–98 TPO (triple pelvic osteotomy), 748 Trachea, physical examination, 23 Tracheal collapse, 326–328, 756 Tracheal worm, 210 Tracheobronchitis, infectious, 45–46 Tracheostomy, 533 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), 778–779 Tramadol, 555, 823 Tranquilization, 852 Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), 775 Transducer, 852 Transitional cell carcinoma, bladder/urethra, 402 Transitional epithelial cells, 233, 241, CP-30 Transportation, emergency recommendations, 430–431 Transtracheal catheter, 533 Transudates, 145, 146 Tranxene-SD. See Clorazepate dipotassium Trauma anesthesia considerations, 668 emergencies, 462 Trazodone, 823 Trematode, 852 Trental. See Pentoxifylline Treponeme, 147 Triage, 852 overview, 432 primary survey, 433–434 secondary survey, 443 Triamcinolone, 823 Tribessen. See Sulfadiazine Triceps reflex, 37 Trichodectes caniss, 221, 224, CP-24 Trichomonass sp., 147 Trichuris vulpis, s 208, 213, 218, CP-22 Trigeminal nerve, evaluation of, 38 Triglycerides, 117 Trigone, 852 Trilostane, 823 Trimethobenzamide, 823 Trimtabs. See Triamcinolone Triple antibiotic ointment, 573 Triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO), 748 Triple phosphate crystals, 232, 240 0, CP-29 Tris-EDTA, 571 Trismus, 852 Trocarization, 853 Trochlear nerve, evaluation of, 38 Trocoxil. See Mavacoxib Trophozoite, 853 Trunk, physical examination, 23 Trypsin-like immunoreactivity (TLI), 158 TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone), concentration, 157 TT (thrombin time), 182 T3 suppression test, 156 Tumors basal tumor, CP-8 cell types, 132, 136–137 oral, 704 plasma cell, CP-8 Tums. See Calcium carbonate Turgor, 853 Tussigon. See Hydrocodone Tylan. See Tylosin Tylenol. See Acetaminophen Tylocine. See Tylosin Tylosin, 823 Tympanic bullae, radiographic positioning, 261 Tyrosine crystals, 232, 240 0, CP-29 Ulcer contact, 703 indolent, 703 Ulna, radiographic positioning, 273 Ultane. See Sevoflurane Ultiva. See Remifentanil Ultram. See Tramadol Ultrasonic cleaning, 693, 695 Ultrasonography basic scanning technique, 300 Doppler, 478 overview, 299 sites for scanning, 300–302 therapeutic, 302, 778 Umbilical cord, 28 UMN issues, sensory test for, 36 Unasyn. See Ampicillin sodium/sulbactam sodium Uncinaria stenocephala, 208, 213, 218, CP-22 Unidirectional valves, 853 Unipolar, 853 University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS), 541 Upper gastrointestinal study, 286–287 Urecholine. See Bethanechol chloride Uremic, 853 Urethostomy perineal, 757 prescrotal, 758 scrotal, 758 Urethra contrast studies, 291–292 transitional cell carcinoma, 402 Urethral sphincter, evaluation of pediatric patient, 31 Uric acid crystals, 232, 240 0, CP-29 Urinalysis, 224–242 artifacts, 233 chemistry strip examination, 227–228 bilirubin, 227 blood, 227 glucose, 227 ketones, 228 pH, 228 protein, 228 protein: creatine ratio, 228 gross examination color, 225 foam, 225 odor, 225 specific gravity, 226 transparency, 226 volume, 226 sample collection catheterization, 610, 611–612 collection cups, 610 cystocentesis, 609, 610 litter pan, 610 manual expression, 609, 610 void, 609, 610 sediment examination, 229–233 artifacts, 233, CP-30 bacteria, 229, CP-25 casts, 230–231, CP-26 6, CP-27 crystals, 231–232, CP-27 7, CP-28, CP-29 epithelial cells, 232, CP-29, CP-30 overview, 229 parasites, 233, CP-30 red blood cells (RBCs), 230, CP-26 reporting of bacteria and sperm, 229 white blood cells (WBCs), 230, CP-26 urine, 242 Urinary bladder contrast study, 295–296 cystic calculi, 417–419 cystotomy, 757 palpation, 25 transitional cell carcinoma, 402 ultrasonography, 301 Urinary system anatomy, 14, 15 contrast studies cystography, 295–296 excretory urography (EU), 294–295 INDEX 905 d Urinary system (continued) intravenous pyelography (IVP), 294–295 intravenous urography (IVU), 294–295 disorders cystic calculi, 417–419 feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD), 417–419 pyelonephritis, 417–419 renal failure acute (SRF), 420–422 chronic (CRF), 420–422 urinary tract infection, 423–424 urinary tract obstruction, 423–424 emergencies, 455 monitoring fluid therapy, 522–523 postanesthetic monitoring, 658–660 surgery cystostomy, 757 overview, 756 urethostomy perineal, 757 prescrotal, 758 scrotal, 758 toxicity, chemotherapy, 506–508 transitional cell carcinoma, 402 Urinary tract infection (UTI), 423–424 upper (pyelonephritis), 417–419 Urinary tract obstruction, 423–424, 668 Urine collection, handling, storage, and transport tips, 224–225 microbiology sample collection, 188 microbiology specimen storage, 189–190 urinalysis, 224–242, 225 Urine cortisol: creatinine ratio, 158 Urine protein: creatinine ratio, 158 Urine specific gravity (USG), 226, 853 Uroabdomen, 853 Urocystitis, 853 Uroeze. See Ammonium chloride; DL-methionine Urogenital system. See Genital system; Urinary system 906 INDEX Urolithiasis, 853 calcium oxalate, 83, 232, 239 cystine, 83, 232, 239 nutritional requirements, 82 struvite, 83 Urticaria, 853 USG (urine specific gravity), 226, 853 Uterus pyometra, 349–350 ultrasonography, 301 Uveitis, 853 Vaccination, 846 adverse reactions, 40 canine transmissible diseases, 43–49 vaccination protocol, 41 feline transmissible diseases, 50–57 vaccination protocol, 42 guidelines, 40–41 titers, 40 Vaccine, 853 Vaccine-induced sarcoma, 406 Vacuolated lymphocytes, 175 Vacuolation, 135, CP-16 Vacuoles, 853 Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC), 574 Vagal, 853 Vaginal contrast studies, 293 Vaginal cytology cell classification, 149–150 estrus cycle staging, 151–152 Vaginography, 293 Vagus nerve, evaluation of, 38 Valbazen. See Albendazole Valium. See Diazepam Vaporizer, 853 Vascularity, 853 Vasoactive amine, 853 Vasoconstrictors, 635 Vasopressin, 429, 823 Vasopressin response test, 154 Vasotec. See Enalapril Vasovagal, 853 Vatronol. See Ephedrine Vazepam. See Diazepam Velban. See Vinblastine Velpeau sling, 596, 596 Venipuncture, 494–495 Venous blood collection techniques, 496 Ventilation administration, 628–629 manual, 628–629 mechanical, 629 intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV), 630 machine setup, 628 ventilator controls, 627 ventilator values, 627 Ventolin. See Albuterol Ventricular fibrillation, 491 Ventricular premature contraction/complexes (VPC), 32, 491, 493, 853 Verapamil hydrochloride, 823 Versed. See Midazolam Vesicular sounds, 853 Vestibular disease, 393–394 Vestibulocochlear nerve, evaluation of, 38 Vetalar. See Ketamine Vetalog. See Triamcinolone Vetmedin. See Pimobendan Vetoryl. See Trilostane Vetsulin, 824 Vibramycin. See Doxycycline Viceton. See Chloramphenicol Vinblastine, 505, 824 Vincasar. See Vincristine Vincristine, 505, 824 Vinegar, 573 Viokase. See Pancreatic enzyme replacement Virus neutralization, 187 Viscous, 853 Vision loss, pediatric patient, 30 Vistaril. See Hydroxyzine Visual analog scale (VAS), 541 Vital pulpotomy, 716 Vital signs physical examination, 21–22 preanesthetic evaluation, 619 Vitamin, 853 Vitamin B complex, 521 Vocalization behavior, suggesting pain and anxiety, 547 Volvulus, 853 Vomiting, 367–368 inducing at home, 432 nutritional requirements, 83 Vomition, 853 von Willebrand’s disease, 371–372 von Willebrand’s factor (vWF) assay, 183 VPC (ventricular premature contraction/complexes), 32, 491, 853 Vulva, physical examination, 25 Warfarin, 824 Water-deprivation test, 159 Waxy cast, 231, 237, 7 CP-27 WBC. See White blood cell Weaning, neonatal and pediatric care, 472 Weight evaluation of, 22 management, 560 monitoring fluid therapy, 523 obesity management, 84–86 pediatric patient, 26 preanesthetic evaluation, 619 Weights, 826 Western blot (immunoblot), 187, 853 Wheelbarrowing, 36 Wheezes, 33 Whelping, 29, 853 Whipworm, 213, 218, CP-22 White blood cell (WBC) alterations inclusions, 173, 174, 176, CP-9, CP-16 6, CP-17, 7 CP-18 morphology, 174–175 parasites, 175 cast, 231, 237 7, CP-27 count, differential, 161 left shift, 179 types bands, 173, CP-16 basophils, 173, 177 7, CP-17 eosinophils, 173, 177 7, CP-9, CP-17 lymphocytes, 173, 176 6, CP-9, CP-16, 6 CP-17 7, CP-18 monocytes, 173, 176 6, CP-16 neutrophils, 173, 176, 6 177 7, CP-16, 6 CP-17 7, CP-18 in urine sediment, 230, 235, 236 6, CP-26 Whole blood, stored, 527 Wind-up phenomenon, 853 Withdrawal reflex, 37 Wobbler syndrome, 393–394 Wounds bandaging, 575–597 adherent, 575 care of, 578 chest/abdominal, 579, 579–580, 580 distal limb splint, 591, 591–592, 592 Ehmer sling, 593, 593–594, 594 extremity, 581, 581–586, 582, 583, 584, 585, 586 head or ear, 578 hobbles, 597 90-90 flexion, 595, 595 nonadherent, 576 Robert Jones, 587, 7 587–589, 588, 589 tail, 589 tie-over, 590, 590 tips, 577 Velpeau sling, 596, 596 care of, 568–569 classification, 566 cleaning solutions, 571 drain care, 570 healing process factors affecting, 567 phases, 565 medications, topical, 572–573 microbiology sample collection, 188 therapy, 574 Wright’s stain, modified, 195 Wry mouth, 702 X-ray. See Radiography Xerostomia, 853 Xylazine, 552, 672, 673, 824 Xylitol, 461 Xylocaine. See Lidocaine Yeast, CP-10 fecal cytology, 147, 149 in urine, 242, 242, CP-30 Yobine. See Yohimbine Yohimbine, 824 Zantac. See Ranitidine Zeniquin. See Marbofloxacin Ziehl/Neelson stain, 196 with brilliant green, 196 with methylene blue, 196 Zinc sulfate, 207 Zithromax. See Azithromycin Zofran. See Ondansetron Zollicef. See Cephalexin Zonegran. See Zonisamide Zonisamide, 824 Zoonosis canine transmissible disease leptospirosis, 41, 47–48 Lyme disease, 41, 47–48 rabies, 41, 48–49 INDEX 907 d Zoonosis (continued) ectoparasites Cheyletiella, 220, 222, CP-23 Sarcoptes scabiei canis, s 221, 224, CP-24 endoparasites Ancylostoma caninum, 208, 208, 209, 214, CP-20 Ancylostoma tabaeforme, 209, 214 Cryptosporidium, 209, 214, 215, CP-20 Dipylidium caninum, 208, 209, 215, CP-20 908 INDEX Dirofilaria immitis, s 209, 215, CP-20 Echinococcus granulosus, s 210, 215, CP-21 Filaroides osleri, 210 Giardia, 148–149, 210, 216, 6 CP-21 Isospora spp., 208, 210, 216, 6 CP-21 Nanophyetus salminocola, 208, 211, 216 6, CP-21 Toxascaris leonina, 208, 212 Toxocara caniss, 208, 212, 217, 7 CP-22 Toxocara cati, 208, 212, 217, 7 CP-22 Toxoplasma gondii, 208, 213, 217, 7 377, CP-22 Trichuris vulpis, s 213, 218, CP-22 Uncinaria stenocephala, 208, 213, 218, CP-22 infectious diseases brucellosis, 373–374 Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 375–376 toxoplasmosis, 377–378 Zygomatic arch, radiographic positioning, 262 Zyloprim. See Allopurinol