Consideraciones sobre APPLETS - unsj

&216,'(5$&,21(662%5($33/(7
6XVDQD&KDYH]0DQXHO2UWHJD1HOVRQ5RGULJXH]
6LOYLD9LOORGUH6DUD=RJEH$GULDQD0DUWLQ
HPDLO^VFKDYH]PRUWHJDQHOVRQ`LLQIRXQVMHGXDU
VYLOORGUH#DUQHWFRPDU
VDUD]RJEH#ODWLQPDLOFRP DULPDUWLQ#DUQHWFRPDU
'RFHQWHVGHO'HSDUWDPHQWRGH,QIRUPiWLFD
,QYHVWLJDGRUHVGHO,QVWLWXWRGH,QIRUPiWLFD
8QLYHUVLGDG1DFLRQDOGH6DQ-XDQ
&HUHFHWR\0HJOLROL6DQ-XDQ$UJHQWLQD
5HVXPHQ
-DYD KD SUREDGR VHU XQ H[FHOHQWH OHQJXDMH SDUD OD SURJUDPDFLyQ HQ OtQHD
FOLHQWHVHUYLGRU FRPR DVt WDPELpQ SDUD WRGR WLSR GH DSOLFDFLRQHV TXH UHTXLHUDQ XQ
DPELHQWHJUiILFR\XQDLQWHUID]HVWiQGDU7LHQHORVEHQHILFLRVGHXQOHQJXDMHLQWHUSUHWDGR\
ODSHUIRUPDQFHGHOFyGLJRFRPSLODGR
8Q DSSOHW HV XQD SURJUDPD HQ -DYD TXH HVWi SHQVDGR SDUD VHU HMHFXWDGR SRU XQ
H[SORUDGRUGHUHGTXHHVWHGLVHxDGRGHIRUPDHVSHFLDOSDUDHMHFXWDUDUFKLYRV FODVVGH-DYD
HVGHFLUTXHGHEHHVWDUHTXLSDGRFRQXQLQWpUSUHWHGHFyGLJRE\WHGH-DYD
(QHVWHWUDEDMRVHSUHVHQWDQGLIHUHQWHVDVSHFWRVTXHVHQHFHVLWDQFRQRFHUSDUDHVFULELU
XQDSSOHW-DYDWDOHVFRPRFRQFHSWRFLFORGHYLGDGHXQ DSSOHWSDUiPHWURVUHVWULFFLRQHV
GHVHJXULGDGWUDQVPLVLyQGHPHQVDMHVDRWURVDSSOHWHWF
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUH$SSOHW
,QWURGXFFLyQ
/DV SiJLQDV HQ OD UHG KDQ SUROLIHUDGR D XQ ULWPR IUHQpWLFR FDSWDQGR XQD DXGLHQFLD PiV TXH
LPSRUWDQWHTXHKDREOLJDGRDORVGLVHxDGRUHVDVHUFDGDYH]PiVLQJHQLRVRVHQHOGLVHxRGHVXV
SiJLQDV$PiVFRPSHWHQFLDPHMRUSURGXFWR
$XQTXH QRVHSXHGH KDFHUGHPDVLDGRFRQ XQD SiJLQDHVWiWLFDGH +70/ /HQJXDMH GH 0DUFDGR
GH +LSHUWH[WR VH SRGUtD SHQVDU XQD PDQHUD GH GLVHxDU ODV SiJLQDV GH OD UHG SDUD TXH VHDQ
LQWHUDFWLYDV HVGHFLU KDFHU SiJLQDVDFWLYDV (VDVt TXHVHSXHGHQ HVFULELUORV SURJUDPDV HQ &
& 9LVXDO %DVLF HWF FRPSLODUORV \ DOPDFHQDU HO DUFKLYR HMHFXWDEOH HQ HO VHUYLGRU MXQWR D OD
SiJLQD+70/8QDSHTXHxDDSOLFDFLyQGHOOHQJXDMHSHUPLWLUtDDXQH[SORUDGRUGHODUHGWUDQVIHULU
DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH HO SURJUDPD GHVGH HO VHUYLGRU \ HMHFXWDUOR HQ OD FRPSXWDGRUD GHO FOLHQWH (O
SURJUDPD SRGUi DEULU YHQWDQDV KDFHU HPHUJHU FXDGURV GH GLiORJRV HWF 6LQ HPEDUJR HVWH
SODQWHDPLHQWRSUHVHQWDYDULRVSUREOHPDV
(Q SULPHUOXJDU ORV OHQJXDMHV FRQYHQFLRQDOHV QR HVWiQ GLVHxDGRV SDUD HMHFXWDUVH HQ OD ZHE QR
FXHQWDQ FRQ ODV FDUDFWHUtVWLFDV QHFHVDULDV QL VLTXLHUD SDUD ODV RSHUDFLRQHV PiV FRPXQHV (O
SURJUDPDGRUWHQGUtDTXHHVFULELUVXVSURSLDVIXQFLRQHVLQFOXVRSDUDOOHYDUDFDER ODVRSHUDFLRQHV
PiVEiVLFDVWDOFRPR WUDQVIHULUXQDUFKLYR GHLPDJHQGHVGHHOVHUYLGRUSDUDVHUPRVWUDGRHQOD
PiTXLQDFOLHQWH/RTXHVHFRQYHUWLUtDHQXQDVREUHFDUJDDORVSURJUDPDGRUHV
(QVHJXQGROXJDUQRVHSURYHHXQPHFDQLVPRGHVHJXULGDG8QDYH]TXHXQSURJUDPDGH9LVXDO
%DVLFSRUHMHPSORKDVLGRWUDQVIHULGRDODPiTXLQDFOLHQWH\HPSLH]DDHMHFXWDUVHSXHGHKDFHUOR
TXHTXLHUDVLQSUHYLRDYLVR
(Q WHUFHU OXJDU OD H[LVWHQFLD GH GLIHUHQWHV HQWRUQRV GH SURJUDPDFLyQ +D\ WRGR WLSR GLIHUHQWH GH
FRPSXWDGRUDV HQJDQFKDGDV D OD ZHE 3& 0DF 8QL[ IXQFLRQDQGR FRQ VLVWHPDV RSHUDWLYRV
GLIHUHQWHV /D SRVLEOH VROXFLyQ GH FUHDU P~OWLSOHV HMHFXWDEOHV LPSRQH XQD LQMXVWD FDUJD D ORV
SURJUDPDGRUHVGH ZHESDUDDGPLWLUWRGRVORVSRVLEOHVHQWRUQRVGHFOLHQWH
(OOHQJXDMH-DYDIXHGLVHxDGRSDUDUHVROYHUHVWRV \RWURVSUREOHPDV-DYDSURYHHXQDHVWUXFWXUD
FRPSDWLEOH FRQ OD ZHE TXH OLEHUD DO SURJUDPDGRU GH WHQHU TXH GDU VROXFLRQHV SDUWLFXODUHV SDUD
SUREOHPDVFRPXQHVGHOD ZHE-DYDJHQHUDHMHFXWDEOHVH[WUHPDGDPHQWHFRUWRVSDUDSHUPLWLUXQD
WUDQVIHUHQFLD PiV UiSLGD VREUH OtQHDV GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ SRWHQFLDOPHQWH OHQWDV -DYD HMHUFH XQD
VHJXULGDGHVWDQFDXQSURJUDPD-DYDQRSXHGHDFFHGHUDQDGDDORTXHODFRPSXWDGRUDFOLHQWHQR
OHGpHVSHFtILFDPHQWHHODFFHVR-DYDHVLQGHSHQGLHQWHGHODPiTXLQD(OPLVPRSURJUDPDSXHGH
VHUHMHFXWDGRHQXQ3&HQXQ 0DFHLQFOXVRHQXQDPiTXLQD81,;
-DYDHVXQOHQJXDMHVLPSOH\SRWHQWHGHSURSLRGHUHFKR-DYDHVWiRULHQWDGRDREMHWRV6XVLQWD[LV
LQFLWDDOSURJUDPDGRUDJHQHUDUSURJUDPDVPRGXODUHV\PDQWHQLEOHV >6WHSKHQ@
&RQFHSWRGH$SSOHW
Ÿ
Ÿ
6HJ~Q 3DWULFN 1DXJKWRQ XQ DSSOHW HV ³XQD SHTXHxD DSOLFDFLyQ DFFHVLEOH HQ XQ VHUYLGRU
LQWHUQHW TXH VH WUDQVSRUWD SRU OD UHG VH LQVWDOD DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH \ VH HMHFXWD LQ VLWX FRPR
SDUWHGHXQGRFXPHQWRZHE´'HHVWDPDQHUDODGHILQLFLyQHVWDEOHFHHOHQWRUQRLQWHUQHW :HE
HWF
8QDSSOHWHVQDGDPiVRPHQRVTXHXQDFODVHGH-DYDTXHKHUHGDGH OD FODVH$SSOHW$3,
,QWHUID] SDUD OD 3URJUDPDFLyQ GH $SOLFDFLRQHV MDYD H LPSOHPHQWD FLHUWRV PpWRGRV TXH
QHFHVLWDSDUDVHUSUHVHQWDGRSRUHO DSSOHWSDUDPDQHMDUVXDSDULHQFLD\UHVSRQGHUDHYHQWRV
>(G$QXII@
Ÿ
8Q DSSOHW HV XQD DSOLFDFLyQ SUHWHQGLGDPHQWH FRUWD QDGD LPSLGH TXH RFXSH PiV GH XQ
JLJDE\WHDQRVHUHOSHQVDPLHQWRGHTXHVHYDDWUDQVSRUWDUSRUODUHG\XQDPHQWHVHQVDWD
EDVDGD HQ XQ IRUPDWR JUiILFR FRQ UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ LQGHSHQGLHQWH HV GHFLU VH WUDWD GH XQ
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUH$SSOHW
HOHPHQWR D HPEHEHU HQ RWUDV DSOLFDFLRQHV HV XQ FRPSRQHQWH HQ VX VHQWLGR
HVWULFWR >PHPEHUVHV@
8QHMHPSORHQRWURiPELWRGHFRVDVSRGUtDVHUHOVLJXLHQWH,PDJtQHVHXQDHPSUHVDTXHFDQVDGD
GH HPSH]DU VLHPSUH D FRGLILFDU GHVGH FHUR GLVHxD XQ IRUPXODULR FRQ ORV GDWRV EiVLFRV GH XQD
SHUVRQD QRPEUH GLUHFFLyQ HWF 7DO IRUPXODULR QR HV XQ GLiORJR SRU Vt PLVPR SHUR VH SRGUtD
LQWHJUDUHQGLiORJRVGHFOLHQWHVSURYHHGRUHVHPSOHDGRVHWF(OKHFKRGHTXHVHLQWHJUHHVWiWLFD
HPEHELGR HQ XQ HMHFXWDEOH R GLQiPLFDPHQWH LQWpUSUHWH '//V HWF QR DIHFWD HQ DEVROXWR D OD
HVHQFLD GH VX FRPSRUWDPLHQWR FRPR FRPSRQHQWH FRQ TXp FRQVWUXLU GLiORJRV FRQ VHQWLGR
DXWyQRPR
$SHVDUGHTXHQRH[LVWHXQD EDVH DGHFXDGD SDUDVRSRUWDU DSOLFDFLRQHV LQGXVWULDOHV-DYDHQODV
TXH LQVHUWDU PLQLDSOLFDFLRQHV ORV DSSOHW VH KDQ FRQVWUXLGR PD\RULWDULDPHQWH \ FRQ JUDQ DFLHUWR
FRPHUFLDOFRPRSHTXHxDVDSOLFDFLRQHVLQWHUDFWLYDVFRQPRYLPLHQWROXFHV\VRQLGRHQ,QWHUQHW
&RPSRQHQWHVEiVLFRVGHXQ$SSOHW
&DGD$SSOHWHVWiLPSOHPHQWDGDSRUFUHDUXQDVXEFODVHGHOD FODVH$SSOHW/D)LJXUDPXHVWUDOD
ODMHUDUTXtDGHODFODVH$SSOHW(VWDMHUDUTXtDGHWHUPLQDTXHSXHGHKDFHUXQ DSSOHW\FyPR
-DYDODQJ2EMHFW
-DYDDZW&RPSRQHQW
-DYDDZW&RQWDLQHU
-DYDDSSOHW$SSOHW
)LJXUD
(OOHQJXDMH-DYDLPSOHPHQWDXQPRGHORGH3URJUDPDFLyQ2ULHQWDGDD2EMHWRV/RVREMHWRVVLUYHQ
GHEORTXHVGHFRQVWUXFFLyQGHORVSURJUDPDV-DYD
6HFFLyQGHLPSRUWDFLRQHV
SXEOLFFODVV1RPEUH'HO1XHYR$SSOHW H[WHQGV$SSOHW^
'HFODUDFLyQGHODVYDULDEOHVGHHVWDGRS~EOLFDV\SULYDGDV
'HFODUDFLyQGHORVPpWRGRVSDUDODLQWHUDFFLyQFRQORVREMHWRV
SXEOLFYRLG0HWRGR8QRSDUDPHWURV^
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUH$SSOHW
`
&yGLJR-DYDTXHGHVHPSHxDODWDUHD
(OFyGLJRTXHVHXVHGHSHQGHGHODSSOHW
`
8QHMHPSOREiVLFR
6HPXHVWUDHQ &yGLJR HOFyGLJRIXHQWHSDUDXQ DSSOHWOODPDGR 0XHVWUD(VWHDSSOHWPXHVWUDXQ
PHQVDMH GHVFULSWLYR VLHPSUH \ FXDQGR HQFXHQWUH XQ LQGLFDGRU HQ VX YLGD SRU HMHPSOR TXH HO
XVXDULRUHDOLFHVXSULPHUDYLVLWDDODSiJLQD
,PSRUWMDYDDSSOHW$SSOHW
,PSRUWMDYDDZW*UDSKLFV
3XEOLFFODVV0XHVWUDH[WHQGV$SSOHW^
6WULQJ%XIIHUEXIIHU
3XEOLFYRLGLQLW^
EXIIHU QHZ6WULQJ%XIIHU
$GG,WHP³LQLFLDOL]DQGR´
`
3XEOLFYRLGVWDUW^
$GG,WHP³FRPHQ]DQGR´
`
3XEOLFYRLGVWRS^
$GG,WHP³GHWHQLHQGR´
`
3XEOLFYRLGGHVWUR\^
$GG,WHP³SUHSDUDQGRSDUDGHVFDUJDU´
`
YRLG$GG,WHP6WULQJSDODEUD^
6\VWHPRXWSULQWOQSDODEUD
%XIIHUDSSHQGSDODEUD
5HSDLQW
`
3XEOLFYRLGSDLQW*UDSKLFVJ^
'LEXMDXQUHFWiQJXORDOUHGHGRUGHOiUHDGHODSSOHW
JGUDZ5HFWVL]HZLGWK±VL]HKHLJKW±
`
0XHVWUDHOPHQVDMHHQHOUHFWiQJXOR
JGUDZ6WULQJEXIIHUWR6WULQJ
`
&LFORGHYLGDGHO$SSOHW
3DUD PXHVWUD VH LPSRUWDQ ODV GRV FODVHV TXH QHFHVLWD (O DSSOHW DVXPH TXH HO FyGLJR VH HVWi
HMHFXWDQGRGHVGHGHQWURGHXQ QDYHJDGRU\SRUORWDQWRQRQHFHVLWDSUHRFXSDUVHSRUXQPpWRGR
PDLQ QLHQGRQGHVHUHDOL]DQODVOODPDGDV
(OFRPDQGRLPSRUW FDUJDRWUDVFODVHVGHQWURGHQXHVWURFyGLJRIXHQWH(OLPSRUWDUXQDFODVHGHVGH
XQSDTXHWHGH-DYDKDFHTXHHVDFODVHLPSRUWDGDHVWpGLVSRQLEOHSDUDWRGRHOFyGLJRLQFOXLGRHQ
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUH$SSOHW
HO ILFKHUR IXHQWH -DYD TXH OD LPSRUWD 3RU HMHPSOR HQ HO DSSOHW 0XHVWUD VH LPSRUWD OD FODVH
MDYDDZW*UDSKLFV \ SRGUHPRV OODPDU D ORV PpWRGRV GH HVWD FODVH GHVGH FXDOTXLHU PpWRGR GH
QXHVWURSURJUDPDTXHVHHQFXHQWUHHQHOILFKHUR 0XHVWUDMDYD(VWDFODVHGHILQHXQDiUHDJUiILFD\
PpWRGRVSDUDSRGHUGLEXMDUGHQWURGHHOOD/DIXQFLyQ SDLQW GHFODUD D J FRPRXQ REMHWR GH WLSR
*UDSKLFV OXHJR SDLQW XVD HO PpWRGR GUDZ5HFW \ GUDZ6WULQJ GH OD FODVH *UDSKLFV SDUD
JHQHUDUVXVDOLGD
6H SXHGH FUHDU XQD QXHYD FODVH HQ HVWH FDVR 0XHVWUD H[WHQGLHQGR OD FODVH EiVLFD GH -DYD
$SSOHW 'H HVWD IRUPD VH KHUHGD WRGR OR QHFHVDULR SDUD FUHDU XQ DSSOHW 0RGLILFDQGR
GHWHUPLQDGRVPpWRGRVGHO DSSOHWSRGHPRVORJUDUTXHOOHYHDFDERODVIXQFLRQHVTXHGHVHDPRV
LPSRUWMDYDDSSOHW$SSOHW
SXEOLFFODVV0XHVWUDH[WHQGV$SSOHW^
/DSDUWHGHO DSSOHWDPRGLILFDUHVHOPpWRGR SDLQW(QODFODVH$SSOHWVHOODPDDOPpWRGR SDLQW
FDGDYH]TXHHOPpWRGRDUUDQFDRQHFHVLWDVHUUHIUHVFDGRSHURQRKDFHQDGD(QQXHVWURFDVROR
TXHKDFHPRVHV
3XEOLFYRLGSDLQW*UDSKLFVJ^
'LEXMDXQUHFWiQJXORDOUHGHGRUGHOiUHDGHODSSOHW
JGUDZ5HFWVL]HZLGWK±VL]HKHLJKW±
0XHVWUDHOPHQVDMHHQHOUHFWiQJXOR
JGUDZ6WULQJEXIIHUWR6WULQJ
`
'HDFXHUGRDODVQRUPDVGH UHGHILQLFLyQVHHMHFXWDUiHVWH~OWLPR SDLQW \QRHOSDLQW YDFtRGHOD
FODVH $SSOHW /XHJR DTXt VH HMHFXWD HO PpWRGR GUDZUHFW TXH GLEXMD XQ UHFWiQJXOR \ OXHJR
GUDZ6WULQJ TXHOHLQGLFDDODSSOHWFyPRGHEHDSDUHFHUXQWH[WRHQHO iUHDGHGLEXMR
0pWRGRVLQGLFDGRUHVGHXQ$SSOHW
&XDQGR XQ DSSOHW HV FDUJDGR VH FUHD XQD LQVWDQFLD GH OD FODVH TXH FRQWUROD DO DSSOHW XQD
VXEFODVH GH $SSOHW HQWRQFHV VH LQLFLDOL]D \ FRPLHQ]D D HMHFXWDU 3XHGH UHDFFLRQDU D ORV
VLJXLHQWHVHYHQWRV
,QLW
6H OODPD FDGD YH] TXH VH FDUJD SRU SULPHUD YH] OD FODVH )XQGDPHQWDOPHQWH HQ HVWH
PpWRGRVHGHEHILMDUHOWDPDxRGHO DSSOHWDXQTXHHQHOFDVRGH 1HWVFDSH 1DYLJDWRUHOWDPDxRHV
HO TXH VH LQGLTXH HQ OD OtQHD GHO ILFKHUR KWPO TXH FDUJD HO DSSOHW 7DPELpQ VH GHEHQ UHDOL]DU HQ
HVWH PpWRGR OD FDUJD GH LPiJHQHV \ VRQLGR QHFHVDULRV SDUD OD HMHFXFLyQ GHO DSSOHW < SRU
VXSXHVWRODDVLJQDFLyQGHYDORUHVDODVYDULDEOHVJOREDOHVGHODFODVHTXHVHXWLOLFHQ
6WDUW
6HOODPDSDUDDUUDQFDUHO DSSOHWFDGDYH]TXHHVYLVLWDGR/D FODVH$SSOHW QRKDFHQDGDHQ
HVWHPpWRGR/DVFODVHVGHULYDGDVGHEHQ UHGHILQLUORSDUDFRPHQ]DUODDQLPDFLyQ(OVRQLGR HWF
(VWD IXQFLyQ HV OODPDGD DXWRPiWLFDPHQWH FDGD YH] TXH OD ]RQD GH YLVXDOL]DFLyQ HQ TXH HVWi
XELFDGRHODSSOHWVHH[SRQHDODYLVLyQ$ILQGHRSWLPL]DUHOXVRGHORVUHFXUVRVGHOVLVWHPD\QR
HMHFXWDUDOJRTXHQRSXHGDVHUDSUHFLDGR
6WRS
6HOODPDSDUDGHWHQHUODHMHFXFLyQGHO DSSOHWHVGHFLUFXDQGRHO DSSOHWGHVDSDUHFHGHOD
SDQWDOOD(VWRRFXUUHFXDQGRHO QDYHJDGRUQRLQFOX\HHQVXFDPSRGH YLVLyQDO DSSOHW GHIRUPD
TXHHOSURJUDPDGRUSXHGHSDUDOL]DUORV WKUHDGVTXHQRUHVXOWHQQHFHVDULRVUHVSHFWRGHXQ DSSOHW
QRYLVLEOH\OXHJRUHFXSHUDUVXDFWLYLGDGPHGLDQWHHOPpWRGR VWDUW(VWHPpWRGRWDPELpQGHEHUtD
VHUUHGHILQLGRSRUODVFODVHVGHULYDGDVSDUDGHWHQHUODDQLPDFLyQHOVRQLGRHWF
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUH$SSOHW
'HVWUR\
6HOODPDFXDQGRQRVHYDDXWLOL]DUPiVHO DSSOHWFXDQGRVHQHFHVLWDTXHVHDQOLEHUDGRV
WRGRVORVUHFXUVRVGLVSXHVWRVSRUHO DSSOHWSRUHMHPSORFXDQGRVHFLHUUDHO QDYHJDGRU/DVFODVHV
GHULYDGDV GHEHUtDQ UHGHILQLU HVWH PpWRGRSDUD KDFHU XQD OLPSLH]D ILQDO /RV DSSOHW PXOWLWKUHDG
GHEHUtDQXWLOL]DUGHVWUR\ SDUDGHWHQHUORV WKUHDGVTXHTXHGHQDFWLYRV
(MHFXFLyQGHVGHXQH[SORUDGRUGHUHG
8QDYH]HVFULWRHO DSSOHWVHGHEHFRQVWUXLUXQDSiJLQD+70/ /HQJXDMHGH0DUFDVGH
+LSHU7H[WRVXVDQGRHOUyWXOR $33/(7!3RUHMHPSOR
+70/!
+($'!
7,7/(!0XHVWUDFODVV7,7/(!
+($'!
%2'<!
$33/(7&2'( 0XHVWUDFODVV:,'7+ +(,*+7 !
$33/(7!
%2'<!
+70/!
(VWHGRFXPHQWRHVXQDUFKLYR$6&,,TXHFRQWLHQHyUGHQHV+70//DRUGHQ $33/(7! OHGLFHDO
H[SORUDGRUTXHDEUDXQDYHQWDQDFX\DVGLPHQVLRQHVHVWiQHVSHFLILFDGDVSRU :,'7+ \+(,*+7 \
TXH DVRFLH HO DSSOHW 0XHVWUD D HVD YHQWDQD /D RUGHQ DSSOHW LQGLFD GRQGH GyQGH HQFRQWUDU HO
DUFKLYRFODVVTXHFRQWLHQHHVH DSSOHW&RPR VHPXHVWUDHQOD )LJXUD HODUFKLYRFODVVGHEHUtD
HVWDUHQHOPLVPRGLUHFWRULRTXHHODUFKLYR+70/TXHFRQWLHQHHOUyWXOR $33/(7! DPHQRVTXH
HODSSOHWVHGHFODUHVHUXQSDTXHWHHQFX\RFDVRGHEHUiHVSHFLILFDUVHHOGLUHFWRULRSRUPHGLRGHO
DWULEXWR&2'(%$6(DQWHVGHODWULEXWR&2'(&XDQGRHOH[SORUDGRUFDUJDHO E\WHFRGHVFUHDXQD
LQVWDQFLDGHODVXEFODVH\HQWRQFHVOODPDDOPpWRGR LQLW SDUDUHDOL]DUVRORXQDYH]ODLQLFLDOL]DFLyQ\
HOPpWRGRVWDUW SDUDFRPHQ]DUXQWKUHDGSDUDUHDOL]DUHOGHEHUGHO DSSOHW
3DTXHWHFRPSUR\HFWR
'LUHFWRULR
$UFKLYR
+70/
'LUHFWRULR
$UFKLYR
FODVV
$UFKLYR
+70/
FRP
SUR\HFWR
$UFKLYR
F
FODVV
)LJXUD
(O UyWXOR $33/(7! WLHQH PXFKDV RSFLRQHV TXH VH SXHGHQ XVDU SDUD DGDSWDU OD HMHFXFLyQ GHO
DSSOHW3RUHMHPSORVHSXHGHQSRQHUORVDUFKLYRV DSSOHWGHQWURGHXQDUFKLYRWDPELpQVHSXHGHQ
HVSHFLILFDUSDUiPHWURV
(VSHFLILFDFLyQGHSDUiPHWURV
/RV SDUiPHWURV VRQ D ORV DSSOHWVOR TXH DUJXPHQWRV VRQ D ODV DSOLFDFLRQHV (OORV OH SHUPLWHQ DO
XVXDULRSHUVRQDOL]DUHOIXQFLRQDPLHQWRGHO DSSOHW'HILQLHQGR ORVSDUiPHWURVVHSXHGHDXPHQWDU
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUH$SSOHW
OD IOH[LELOLGDG GHO DSSOHW PLHQWUDV HO DSSOHW WUDEDMD HQ P~OWLSOHV VLWXDFLRQHV VLQ WHQHU TXH UH
FRGLILFDURUHFRPSLODU
6HHVSHFLILFDHOYDORUGHOSDUiPHWURXVDQGRHOUyWXOR 3$5$0! TXH DSDUHFHGHVSXpVGHOUyWXOR
$33/(7!
$33/(7&2'( $SSOHW6XEFODVVFODVV :,'7+ DQ,QW+(,*+7 DQ,QW!
3$5$01$0( SDUDPHWHU1DPH 9$/8( D9DOXH!
3$5$01$0( SDUDPHWHU1DPH 9$/8( DQRWKHU9DOXH!
$33/(7!
(MHPSOR
$33/(7&2'( $QLPDWRUFODVV:,'7+ +(,*+7 $/7 &XDQGRSXHGDHMHFXWDUHVWD DSSOHWYHUiDOJXQDDQLPDFLyQ!
3$5$01$0( LPDJH6RXUFH 9$/8( LPDJHV%HDQV!
3$5$01$0( EDFNJURXQG&RORU9$/8( [FFF!
3$5$01$0( HQG,PDJH9$/8( !
3$5$01$0( VRXQG6RXUFH 9$/8( DXGLR!
3$5$01$0( VRXQGWUDFN 9$/8( VSDFHPXVLFDX!
3$5$01$0( VRXQGV
9$/8( DX_DX_DX_DX_DX_DX_DX_DX_DX_DX!
3$5$01$0( SDXVH9$/8( !
6XH[SORUDGRULJQRUDFRPSOHWDPHQWHHOUyWXOR$33/(7!
$33/(7!
&XDQGR HO H[SORUDGRU QR HQWLHQGH HO UyWXOR $33/(7! LJQRUD WRGR HQ HO FyGLJR SUHYLR +70/
H[FHSWR OD OtQHD TXHFRPLHQ]DFRQ 6X H[SORUDGRU(VWHWH[WR HV OODPDGR FRPR FyGLJR +70/
DOWHUQDWLYR\TXHDSDUHFHHQWUHORVUyWXORV$33/(7!\$33/(7!GHVSXpVUyWXOR3$5$0!
6L H[SORUDGRU HQWLHQGH -DYD \ QR SXHGH SUHVHQWDU HO DSSOHW SRU DOJXQD UD]yQ LJQRUD HO FyGLJR
+70/DOWHUQDWLYR\HQVXOXJDUPXHVWUDHOWH[WRTXHDSDUHFHHQHODWULEXWR$/7
&RPELQDFLyQGHDUFKLYRV DSSOHWGHQWURGHXQDUFKLYRVLPSOH
7HQHU XQ DUFKLYR VLPSOH TXH FRQWHQJD DO DSSOHW TXH FRQWLHQH YDULRV DUFKLYRV GHSHQGH GH YDULRV
IDFWRUHVWDOHVFRPRHOWDPDxRGHORV DSSOHWODVFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVGH SHUIRUPDQFH\ODVFRQGLFLRQHV
TXHVHHVSHUDTXHWHQJDQORVXVXDULRV
/D FRPELQDFLyQ GH DUFKLYRV UHGXFH HO WLHPSR GH GHVFDUJD WRWDO GHO DSSOHW 0XFKR GHO WLHPSR
DKRUUDGR YLHQH GH UHGXFLU HO Q~PHUR GH FRQH[LRQHV GH +773 3URWRFROR GH 7UDQVIHUHQFLD GH
+LSHUWH[WRV XWLOL]DGRV SDUD UHFRJHU REMHWRV GH KLSHUWH[WRV GHVGH VLVWHPDV UHPRWRV TXH HO
H[SORUDGRUGHEHKDFHU&DGDFRQH[LyQGH+773SXHGHWRPDUYDULRVVHJXQGRVSDUDHPSH]DU(VWR
VLJQLILFDTXHSDUDXQ DSSOHWGHP~OWLSOHVDUFKLYRVHOWLHPSRGHFRQH[LyQSXHGHUHGXFLUHOWLHPSRGH
WUDQVIHUHQFLD$GHPiVVHSXHGHQFRPSULPLUORVDUFKLYRVSDUDUHGXFLUHOWLHPSRGHWUDVIHUHQFLD
6L VH HVSHFLILFDQ XQR R PiV DUFKLYRV HQWRQFHV HO H[SORUDGRU EXVFD ORV DUFKLYRV HQ HO PLVPR
GLUHFWRULR TXH EXVFDUtD HO DUFKLYR FODVV (O H[SORUDGRU EXVFD HO DUFKLYR FODVV HQ ORV DUFKLYRV
HVSHFLILFDGRV HQ DUFKLYRV VL QR OR HQFXHQWUD HQWRQFHV LQWHQWD FDUJDUOR FRPR VL DUFKLYRV QR
HVWXYLHUDQSUHVHQWH
(O IRUPDWR GH DUFKLYR -DYD VWDQGDUG OODPDGR -$5 DUFKLYR -DYD HV XQ IRUPDWR GH DUFKLYR
LQGHSHQGLHQWH GH SODWDIRUPD TXH DJUHJD PXFKRV DUFKLYRV HQ XQR VROR /RV DSSOHW P~OWLSOHV GH
-DYD \ VXV FRPSRQHQWHV DUFKLYRV GH FODVHV LPiJHQHV VRQLGR \ RWURV DUFKLYRV GH UHFXUVRV
SXHGHQ UHXQLUVH HQ XQ DUFKLYR -$5 \ GHVFDUJDUVH HQ XQ H[SORUDGRU HV XQD VROD WUDQVDFFLyQ
+773 7DPELpQ VRSRUWD OD FRPSUHQVLyQ GH DUFKLYRV \ ODV ILUPDV GLJLWDOHV 8VDQGR HO DWULEXWR
$5&+,9(VHSXHGHQHVSHFLILFDUP~OWLSOHVDUFKLYRVVHSDUDGRVSRUFRPDV
$33/(7&2'( $SSOHW6XEFODVVFODVV$5&+,9( ILOHILOH
:,'7+ DQ,QW+(,*+7 DQ,QW!
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUH$SSOHW
$33/(7!
'HVDIRUWXQDGDPHQWH QR WRGRV ORV H[SORUDGRUHV HQWLHQGHQ HO PLVPR IRUPDWR R XVDQ HO PLVPR
FyGLJR+70/SDUDHVSHFLILFDUORVDUFKLYRV DSSOHW
(QYLDUPHQVDMHVDRWURV DSSOHW
/RVDSSOHWSXHGHQHQFRQWUDURWURV DSSOHW\HQYLDUOHVPHQVDMHVFRQODVVLJXLHQWHVUHVWULFFLRQHVGH
VHJXULGDG
Ÿ 0XFKRVH[SORUDGRUHVUHTXLHUHQTXHORV DSSOHWVHRULJLQDQGHVGHHOPLVPRVHUYLU
Ÿ 0XFKRV H[SORUDGRUHV DGHPiV UHTXLHUHQ TXH ORV DSSOHW VH RULJLQDQ GHVGH HO PLVPR
GLUHFWRULRVREUHHOVHUYLGRUHOPLVPRFyGLJREDVH
Ÿ /D $3, -DYD UHTXLHUH TXH ORV DSSOHW VH HMHFXWHQ VREUH OD PLVPD SiJLQD HQ OD PLVPD
YHQWDQD
$OJXQRVH[SORUDGRUHVSHUPLWHQTXHORV DSSOHWLQYRTXHQPpWRGRVGHRWURV DSSOHW LQFOXVR
DSOHWVREUHGLIHUHQWHVSiJLQDVHQHOPLVPRH[SORUDGRUVLHPSUH\FXDQGRWRGRVORV DSSOHW
OOHJXHQ GHO PLVPR FyGLJR EDVH (VWH PpWRGR GH FRPXQLFDFLyQ HQWUH DSSOHW QR HVWi
VRSRUWDGR SRU $3, -DYD DVt HV SRVLEOH TXH HVWR QR VHD VRSRUWDGR SRU WRGRV ORV
H[SORUDGRUHV
8QDSSOHWSXHGHHQFRQWUDURWUR DSSOHWSRUEXVFDUORSRUQRPEUHXVDQGRHOPpWRGR $SSOHW&RQWH[W
JHW$SSOHW R SRU EXVFDU WRGRV ORV DSSOHW VREUH OD SiJLQD XVDQGR HO PpWRGR $SSOHW&RQWH[W
JHW$SSOHWV 6L ORV PpWRGRV VRQ H[LWRVRV HQWUHJD DO OODPDGRU HO R ORV REMHWRV DSSOHWV \ UHFLpQ
HQWRQFHVHOOODPDGRUSXHGHLQYRFDUORVPpWRGRVGHpVWRVREMHWRV
(OPpWRGRJHW$SSOHW EXVFDDWUDYpVGHWRGRVORV DSSOHWGHODSiJLQDDFWXDOSDUDYHUVLXQRGHHOORV
WLHQHHOQRPEUHHVSHFLILFDGR\UHWRUQDHOREMHWR DSSOHW
3RU GHIHFWR XQ DSSOHW QR WLHQH QRPEUH 3DUD GDUOH XQ QRPEUH VH GHEH HVSHFLILFDU HQ HO FyGLJR
+70/TXHDJUHJDHO DSSOHWDODSiJLQD
Ÿ (VSHFLILFDQGRHODWULEXWR 1$0( GHQWURGHOUyWXOR$33/(7!3RUHMHPSOR
$33/(7&2'(%$6( SDJLQDV &2'( WUDQVPLVRUFODVV
:,'7+ +(,*+7 1DPH ´SULPHUR´!
$33/(7!
Ÿ (VSHFLILFDQGRXQSDUiPHWUR QRPEUH FRQHOUyWXOR3$5$0!3RUHMHPSOR
$33/(7&2'(%$6( SDJLQDV &2'( UHFHSWRUFODVV
:,'7+ +(,*+7 3$5$01$0( ´QRPEUH´9$/8( ´VHJXQGR´!
$33/(7!
&XDQGR HO WUDQVPLVRU HQFXHQWUD DO UHFHSWRU OH HQYtD XQ PHQVDMH LQYRFDQGR XQ PpWRGR GHO
UHFHSWRU$FRQWLQXDFLyQVHPXHVWUDSDUWHGHOFyGLJRGHOWUDQVPLVRU
$SSOHWUHFHSWRU QXOO
6WULQJQRP5HFHSWRU QDPH)LHOGJHW7H[W2EWHQHUHOQRPEUHSDUDEXVFDU
UHFHSWRU JHW$SSOHW&RQWH[WJHW$SSOHWQRP5HFHSWRU
,IUHFHSWRU QXOO^
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUH$SSOHW
,IUHFHSWRULQVWDQFHRI5HFHSWRU^
VWDWXVDSSHQG7H[W³(QFRQWUyXQ DSSOHWOODPDGD³
1RP5HFHSWRU³´
³SHURQRHVXQREMHWRGH 5HFHSWRU?Q´
`HOVH^
VWDWXVDSSHQG7H[W³(QFRQWUyXQ DSSOHWOODPDGD³
1RP5HFHSWRU³?Q´
³7UDQVPLWLHQGR PHQVDMH?Q´
5HFHSWRUUHFHSWRU
`
`
(Q HVWH HMHPSOR ORV DSSOHWV VH FRPXQLFDQ GHVGH HO WUDQVPLVRU DO UHFHSWRU 3DUD SRGHU HQYLDU
PHQVDMHVDOWUDQVPLVRUHVQHFHVDULRTXHHOWUDQVPLVRUGHXQDUHIHUHQFLDDVtPLVPRDOUHFHSWRU
5HFHSWRUUHFHSWRUVWDUW&RPPXQLFDWLQJ WKLV
(O PpWRGR JHW$SSOHWV UHWRUQD XQD OLVWD HQXPHUDFLyQ GH WRGRV ORV DSSOHW VREUH OD SiJLQD 3RU
UD]RQHV GH VHJXULGDG PXFKRV H[SORUDGRUHV LPSOHPHQWDQ JHW$SSOHWV GH PDQHUD TXH UHWRUQH
DTXHOORVDSSOHWTXHVHKDQRULJLQDGRVGHVGHHOPLVPR KRVWTXHHO DSOHWTXHOODPDD JHW$SSOHWV$
FRQWLQXDFLyQVHPXHVWUDSDUWHGHOFyGLJRTXHOODPDD JHW$SSOHWV SDUDOLVWDUWRGRVORV DSSOHWVTXH
SXHGDQHQFRQWUDUVHVREUHODSiJLQD
3XEOLFYRLGSULQW$SSOHWV^
(QXPHUDWLRQH JHW$SSOHW&RQWH[WJHW$SSOHWV
ZKLOHHKDV0RUH(OHPHQWV^
$SSOHWDSSOHW $SSOHWHQH[W(OHPHQW
6WULQJLQIR $SSOHWDSSOHWJHW$SSOHW,QIR
,ILQIR QXOO^
WH[W$UHDDSSHQG7H[W³³ LQIR³?Q´
`HOVH^
WH[W$UHDDSSHQG7H[W³³
DSSOHWJHW&ODVVJHW1DPH
³?Q´
`
`
`
/RV7KUHDGVHQ$SSOHW
7KUHDG
8QWKUHDG HVXQSURFHVRTXHWLHQHXQFRQMXQWRGHDFFLRQHVTXHWLHQHXQFRPLHQ]RXQDVHFXHQFLD
\XQILQDO6LQHPEDUJRXQ WKUHDGQRHVXQSURJUDPDVLQRTXHVHHMHFXWDGHQWURGHXQSURJUDPD
/D)LJXUD PXHVWUDHVWDUHODFLyQ
3URJUDPD
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUH$SSOHW
7KUHDG
)LJXUD
8QWKUHDGHQMDYDHVWiLPSOHPHQWDGRHQODIRUPDGHREMHWRTXHFRQWLHQHXQPpWRGROODPDGR UXQ
/RPiVDWUDFWLYRHVODSRVLELOLGDGGHWHQHUXQVLPSOHSURJUDPDTXHFRQWHQJDYDULRV WKUHDGV
HMHFXWDQGR\UHDOL]DQGRWDUHDVGLIHUHQWHVFRPRVHPXHVWUDHQOD )LJXUD
7KUHDGV
3URJUDPD
)LJXUD
8QWKUHDGHVVLPLODUDXQ SURFHVRUHDO HQTXHHVXQIOXMRVHFXHQFLDOVLPSOHGHFRQWURO\TXHWLHQH
VXSURSLDSLODGHHMHFXFLyQ\XQFRQWDGRUGHSURJUDPDHQWUHRWUDVFRVDV6LQHPEDUJRVHHMHFXWD
GHQWURGHOHQWRUQRGHXQSURJUDPDEHQHILFLiQGRVHDGHPiVFRQORVUHFXUVRVDVLJQDGRVSDUDHVWH
SURJUDPD
/DYLGDGHXQ7KUHDG
&DGDWKUHDGHVWiVLHPSUHHQXQRGHORVFLQFRHVWDGRVFRPRVHPXHVWUDDFRQWLQXDFLyQ6HLQGLFD
DGHPiVDOJXQRVGHORVPpWRGRVPiVFRPXQHVTXHDIHFWDQHOHVWDGRGHXQ WKUHDGSDUDTXHGDUHQ
RWURHVWDGR
%ORTXHDGR
&UHDGR
6WDUW
6WRS
5HVXPH
6WRS
0XHUWR
6XVSHQG
6WRS
3UHSDUDGR
(MHFXWDQGR
<LHOG
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUH$SSOHW
0XOWL7KUHDGHQ$SSOHW
&DGD DSSOHW SXHGH FRUUHU HQ P~OWLSOH WKUHDG /RV PpWRGRV TXH GLEXMDQ XQ DSSOHW VRQ VLHPSUH
OODPDGRV GHVGH ORV WKUHDGV TXH PDQHMD ORV HYHQWRV GHO $:7 $EVWUDFW :LQGRZ 7RRONLW /RV
WKUHDGVGHVGHORVTXHVHOODPDQORVPpWRGRVLQGLFDGRUHV LQLWVWDUWVWRS\GHVWUR\GHSHQGHQGHOD
DSOLFDFLyQTXHHVWiHMHFXWDQGRHO DSSOHW3HURQLQJXQDDSOLFDFLyQMDPiVORVOODPDGHO WKUHDG$:7
TXHPDQHMDORVHYHQWRVGHO$:7
/RV7KUHDGVHQ MDYDVRQOODPDGRVFRPR WKUHDGVGHSHVROLYLDQR OLJKWZHLJKW SRUTXH VHHMHFXWDQ
HQHOPLVPRHVSDFLRGHPHPRULDORTXHOHVSHUPLWHFRPXQLFDUVH IDFLOPHQWH
0XFKRV QDYHJDGRUHV DVLJQDQ XQ WKUHDG SDUD FDGD DSSOHW HQ XQD SiJLQD XVDQGR HVH KLOR SDUD
WRGDVODVLQYRFDFLRQHVDORVPpWRGRVLQGLFDGRUHVGHORV DSSOHW$OJXQRV QDYHJDGRUHVDVLJQDQXQ
JUXSRGHO WKUHDGSDUDFDGD DSSOHWSDUDTXHVHDIiFLOGHWHUPLQDUWRGRVORV WKUHDGTXHSHUWHQHFHQ
DXQ DSSOHWSDUWLFXODU(QWRGRFDVRXVWHGVHJDUDQWL]DTXHFDGD WKUHDGTXHFUHDFXDOTXLHUDGHORV
PpWRGRVLQGLFDGRUHVGHXQ DSSOHWSHUWHQHFHDOPLVPRJUXSRGH WKUHDG
$Vt ¢SRU TXp XQ DSSOHW QHFHVLWDUtD FUHDU \ XVDU VXVSURSLRV KLORV" ,PDJLQH XQ DSSOHW TXH HQ VX
PpWRGRLQGLFDWLYR LQLW UHDOL]DXQDFDUJDGHLPiJHQHVSRUHMHPSORHVWDUtDFRQVXPLHQGRWLHPSR
(O WKUHDG TXH LQYRFD HO LQLW QR SXHGH KDFHU QDGD PiV KDVWD TXH UHWRUQH GHO LQLW (Q DOJXQRV
QDYHJDGRUHV HVWR SRGUtDQ VLJQLILFDU TXH HO QDYHJDGRU QR SXHGH GHVSOHJDU HO DSSOHW R DOJR
GHVSXpVGHpOVLQRKDVWDTXHHO DSSOHWWHUPLQHGH LQLFLDOL]DUVH$VtVLHO DSSOHWHVWiDOFRPLHQ]RGH
OD SiJLQD SRU HMHPSOR HQWRQFHV QDGD DSDUHFHUtD HQ OD SiJLQD KDVWD HO DSSOHW WHUPLQH GH
LQLFLDOL]DUVH
,QFOXVR HQ QDYHJDGRUHV TXH FUHDQ XQ WKUHDG VHSDUDGR SDUD FDGD DSSOHW WRPD VHQWLGR SRQHU
FXDOTXLHUWDUHDDFRQVXPLUWLHPSRHQXQ WKUHDGFUHDGRSDUDHO DSSOHWSDUDTXHORV DSSOHWSXHGDQ
UHDOL]DURWUDVWDUHDVPLHQWUDVHVSHUDTXHODWDUHDVHDFRPSOHWDGD
/DUHJODSDUDUHFRUGDU6LXQ DSSOHWUHDOL]DXQDWDUHDTXHFRQVXPHWLHPSRGHEHFUHDU\GHEHXVDU
VXSURSLRWKUHDGSDUDUHDOL]DUHVDWDUHD
/RV $SSOHWV UHDOL]DQ GRV WLSRV GH WDUHDV TXH FRQVXPHQ WLHPSR WtSLFDPHQWH WDUHDV TXH HOORV
UHDOL]DQXQDYH]\WDUHDVTXHHOORVUHDOL]DQUHSHWLGDPHQWH
5HVWULFFLRQHVGH6HJXULGDG
8QR GH ORV SULQFLSDOHV REMHWLYRV GHO DPELHQWH GH -DYD HV TXH ORV XVXDULRV GHO H[SORUDGRU VH
VLHQWDQVHJXURVDOHMHFXWDUFXDOTXLHU DSSOHW
(OREMHWLYRHQHVWHSXQWRHVGLVFXWLUGHTXHPDQHUDODVUHVWULFFLRQHVGHVHJXULGDGDIHFWDQHOGLVHxR
GHORVDSSOHWV>MDYD@
&DGDH[SORUDGRUWLHQHXQREMHWR 6HFXULW\0DQDJHU TXHDFW~DFRPRXQJXDUGLDGHVHJXULGDGWRGRHO
WLHPSR /D FODVH 6HFXULW\0DQDJHU HQ HO SDTXHWH MDYDODQJ HV XQD FODVH DEVWUDFWD TXH SURYHH OD
LQWHUIDFHGHSURJUDPDFLyQ\ OD LPSOHPHQWDFLyQ SDUFLDO SDUDWRGRVORV PDQHMDGRUHV GH VHJXULGDG
GH-DYD
&XDQGR XQ 6HFXULW\0DQDJHU GHWHFWD XQD YLRODFLyQ FUHD XQ REMHWR GH 6HFXULW\([FHSWLRQ FX\R
FRQVWUXFWRU JHQHUDOPHQWH PXHVWUD XQ PHQVDMH GH DGYHUWHQFLD 8Q DSSOHW SXHGH FDSWDU
6HFXULW\([FHSWLRQV \ UHDFFLRQDU DSURSLDGDPHQWH WUDQTXLOL]DQGR DO XVXDULR \ DFXGLHQGR D XQD
PDQHUDPiVVHJXURSHURPHQRVLGHDOGHORJUDUODWDUHD
/RVH[SORUDGRUHVDFWXDOHVLPSRQHQODVVLJXLHQWHVUHVWULFFLRQHVVREUHFXDOTXLHU DSSOHWTXHVH
FDUJDVREUHODUHG
Ÿ /RV DSSOHW QR SXHGHQ FDUJDU OLEUHUtDV R GHILQLUPpWRGRV QDWLYRV /RV DSSOHW SXHGHQ XVDU
VRODPHQWH VX SURSLR FyGLJR MDYD \ ODV $3, MDYD TXH SURYHH HO YLVRU GH DSSOHWV &RPR
PtQLPRFDGDYLVRUGH DSSOHWGHEHSURSRUFLRQDUHODFFHVRDODV$3,GHILQLGDVHQHOSDTXHWH
MDYD
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUH$SSOHW
Ÿ 8QDSSOHWQRSXHGHRUGLQDULDPHQWHOHHURHVFULELUDUFKLYRVVREUHODPiTXLQDHQODTXHHVWD
HMHFXWDQGR (O YLVRU DSSOHW -'. DFWXDOPHQWH SHUPLWH D DOJXQRV XVXDULRV HVSHFtILFRV XQD
H[FHSFLyQ D VX UHJOD DXQTXH 1HWVFDSH 1DYLJDWRU SRU HMHPSOR QR /RV DSSOHW HQ
FXDOTXLHUYLVRUDSSOHWSXHGHOHHUDUFKLYRVHVSHFLILFDGRVFRQ 85/VFRPSOHWR
Ÿ 8QDSSOHWQRSXHGHKDFHUFRQH[LRQHVGHUHGH[FHSWRDODPiTXLQDGHGRQGHYLHQH(OiUHD
GH WUDEDMR ZRUNDURXQG SDUD HVWD UHVWULFFLyQ HV WHQHU HO DSSOHW WUDEDMDQGR FRQ XQD
DSOLFDFLyQVREUHODPiTXLQDGHOTXH YLHQH/DDSOLFDFLyQSXHGHKDFHUVXSURSLDFRQH[LyQ
HQFXDOTXLHUSDUWHVREUHODUHG
Ÿ 8QDSSOHWQRSXHGHFRPHQ]DUFXDOTXLHUSURJUDPDVREUHODPiTXLQDTXHHVWiHMHFXWDQGR
'HQXHYRXQDSSOHWSXHGHWUDEDMDUHQFDPELRFRQXQDDSOLFDFLyQGHOVHUYLGRU
Ÿ 8QDSSOHWVRORSXHGHOHHUFLHUWDVSURSLHGDGHVGHOVLVWHPD3RUHMHPSOR
&O DY H V
³ILOHVHSDUDWRU´
³MDYDFODVVYHUVLRQ´
³MDYDYHQGRU´
³MDYDYHQGRUXUO´
³MDYDYHUVLRQ´
³OLQHVHSDUDWRU´
³RVDUFK´
³RVQDPH´
³SDWKVHSDUDWRU´
6L JQLI L FDG R
6HSDUDGRUGHDUFKLYR³´
1~PHURGHYHUVLyQGH -DYD FODVV
6WULQJYHQGHGRUHVSHFLILFR-DYD
85/YHQGHGRU-DYD
1~PHURGHYHUVLyQGH-DYD
6HSDUDGRUGHOtQHD
$UTXLWHFWXUDGHO62
1RPEUHGHO62
6HSDUDGRUGHSLVWD³³
&O DY H V
³MDYDFODVVSDWK´
³MDYDKRPH´
³XVHUGLU´
³XVHUKRPH´
³XVHUQDPH´
6L JQLI L FDG R
3LVWDGHFODVHV-DYD
'LUHFWRULRGHLQVWDODFLyQGH-DYD
'LUHFWRULRGHOWUDEDMRGHOXVXDULR
'LUHFWRULRKRPHGHOXVXDULR
1RPEUHGHODFXHQWDGHOXVXDULR
3RU UD]RQHV GH VHJXULGDG QLQJ~Q H[SORUDGRU R YLVRU GH DSSOHW SHUPLWH D ORV DSSOHW OHHU ODV
VLJXLHQWHVSURSLHGDGHV
&DSDFLGDGHVGHORV$SSOHWV
(OSDTXHWHMDYDDSSOHWSURYHHXQD$3,TXHGDDORV DSSOHWVDOJXQDVFDSDFLGDGHVTXHODV
DSOLFDFLRQHVQRWLHQHQ3RUHMHPSOR
Ÿ /RVDSSOHWVSXHGHQWHQHUVRQLGRV
Ÿ /RVDSSOHWVXVXDOPHQWHSXHGHQKDFHUFRQH[LRQHVGHUHGDODPiTXLQDGHGRQGHYLHQH
Ÿ /RVDSSOHWVHMHFXWDQGHQWURGHOXQH[SORUDGRU :HE\SXHGHQIiFLOPHQWHPRVWUDUGRFXPHQWRV
+70/
Ÿ /RVDSSOHWVSXHGHQLQYRFDUPpWRGRVS~EOLFRVGHRWURV DSSOHWVVREUHODPLVPDSiJLQD
Ÿ /RVDSSOHWVTXHHVWiQFDUJDGRVGHVGHHOVLVWHPDGHDUFKLYRORFDOGHVGHXQGLUHFWRULRHQ
&/$663$7+ HQHOXVXDULRQRWLHQHQQLQJXQDGHODVUHVWULFFLRQHVTXHWLHQHQORV DSSOHWV
FDUJDGRVVREUHODUHG
Ÿ /DPD\RUtDGHORVDSSOHWVGHWLHQHQODHMHFXFLyQXQDYH]TXHVHGHMDODSiJLQDGHELGRDTXH
HOORVQRWLHQHQTXHKDFHU
5HIHUHQFLDV
>(G$QXII@7KH-DYD6RXUFHERRN(G$QXII-RKQ:LOH\6RQV,QF
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUH$SSOHW
>6WHSKHQ@$SUHQGD-DYD\D6WHSKHQ5'DYLV
6LWLRV
>PHPEHUVHV@KWWSPHPEHUVHVWULSRGGHIURXIHSDUWHFDSKWPO
>MDYD@KWWSMDYDVXQFRP
&RQVLGHUDFLRQHVVREUH$SSOHW