Perspectivas de la situacion energética mundial. Las oportunidades

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Arturo Infante Villarreal
Ingeniero Industrial, M.Sc., PhD. Ex rector de la UniversiGDGGHORV$QGHV%RJRWi'&&RORPELD
[email protected]
RESUMEN. &DVLODFXDUWDSDUWHGHODHQHUJtDTXHFRQVXPH
posibilidades de participar en los mercados nacionales e
Estados Unidos proviene de petróleo importado y sólo
internacionales de los biocombustibles sustitutos, tanto
el 6% se origina en fuentes renovables, aunque el país
de la gasolina como del diesel con etanol y biodiesel,
produce 20% de la polución ambiental mundial y tiene
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y la yuca constituyen las materias primas con mayor po-
una fuente potencial de energía renovable para Estados
tencial.
Unidos, y el resto del mundo, porque tienen un balance
PALABRAS CLAVE
energético y ambiental bastante favorable. Si las con-
Energía consumida, fuentes de energía, petróleo, energía
diciones de precios son adecuadas para los productores
renovable; balance energético, ambiental, financiero
de las materias primas, los biocombustibles también
y social; análisis de ciclo vital, biocombustibles, etanol,
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etanol celulósico, biodiesel de palma.
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ABSTRACT. Almost one fourth of the energy consumed
possibility to participate in the national and internatio-
in the U.S. comes from imported oil and only 6% is
nal biofuel substitution markets for gasoline and diesel
produced from renewable sources despite the fact that
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the U.S. is responsible for 20% of the global pollution
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with barely 4% of the world population. Biofuels are a
potential.
promising source of renewable energy for the United
States and the rest of the world, with favorable energy
and environmental balances. If price conditions are adequate for the basic input producers, biofuels will have
KEYWORDS
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Renewable
energy,
Energetic-Environmental-Social
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#25 revista de ingeniería. Universidad de los Andes. rev.ing.ISSN 0121-4993. Mayo 2007
dossier
# 25 revista de ingeniería
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[1] C. Flavin, J. L. Sawin.
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[2] Worldwatch Institute.
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[3] J. B. Heywood.
Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals0F*UDZ+LOO
[4] A. Infante & Ecología y Entropía.
Estudio de prefactibilidad de los biocombustibles derivados del aceite
de palma)HGHSDOPD
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[5] SAM & WRI.
[15] C. Bek-Nielsen.
Changing Drivers. The Impact of Climate Change on
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[16] LMC International Ltd
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[6] American Coalition for Ethanol.
www.ethanol.org
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[7] National Ethanol Vehicle Coalition.
www.e85fuel.com
[8] T.W. Patzek.
Thermodynamics of the Corn-Ethanol Biofuel Cycle. 'HSDUWPHQW
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American Council on Renewable Energy.
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American Wind Energy Association.
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Cellulosic Ethanol.
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Centro Investigaciones de la Caña de Azúcar de Colombia CENICAÑA.
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Centro Investigaciones en Palma de Aceite CENIPAL[11] BioPact.
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MA Colombia.
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Natural Resources Research9RO1R
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Plan 25 x 25.
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te (Colombia).
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Florida Solar Energy Center.
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H. Shapouri, J.A. Duffield y M. Wang.
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IEA, Photovoltaic Power Systems Programme.
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LMC International Limited.
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Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB).
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