Anticoncepción oral de emergencia: una mirada científica
Anuncio
> 1 3»-0( 0 @ $2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
632*_81)3$
> 1 3»-0( 0 @ "OUJDPODFQDJØO0SBMEF&NFSHFODJBVOBNJSBEBDJFOUÓmDB
'JPSFMMB3BNJSF[)VBNBO-JNB410(
1SPZFDUPEF'PSUBMFDJNJFOUPEFDBQBDJEBEFTEFBDUPSFTMPDBMFTFO"0&
4PDJFEBE1FSVBOBEF0CTUFUSJDJBZ(JOFDPMPHÓB
'POEPEF1PCMBDJØOEFMBT/BDJPOFT6OJEBT
"/5*$0/$&1$*0/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"
1-"/*'*$"$*0/'".*-*"3
'*4*0-0(*"3&130%6$5*7"
4"-6%."5&3/"
%&3&$)043&130%6$5*704
1VCMJDBDJØOFOBVTQJDJBEPQPSFMQSPZFDUPEF'PSUBMFDJNJFOUPEFDBQBDJEBEFTEFBDUPSFTMPDBMFTFO
"OUJDPODFQDJØO0SBMEF&NFSHFODJBo"0&EFMB4PDJFEBE1FSVBOBEF0CTUFUSJDJBZ(JOFDPMPHÓB410(
DPOFM
BVTQJDJPmOBODJFSPEFM'POEPEF1PCMBDJØOEFMBT/BDJPOFT6OJEBT6/'1"
-BTPQJOJPOFTBRVÓFYQSFTBEBTTPOMBTEFMBBVUPSBZOPSFnFKBOOFDFTBSJBNFOUFMPTQVOUPTEFWJTUBEFM6/'1"
4FBVUPSJ[BMBSFQSPEVDDJØOEFDVBMRVJFSQBSUFEFMDPOUFOJEPEFFTUBQVCMJDBDJØODPOmOFTFEVDBUJWPTTPMB
NFOUFTJFNQSFRVFTFDJUFZTFOPUJmRVFBMB410(ZBMBBVUPSB
&EJDJØO'JPSFMMB3BNÓSF[)
$PSSFDDJØOEFFTUJMP4PGÓB3PESÓHVF[
1PSUBEBZEJTF×PHSÈmDP+VMJTTB4PSJBOP
"SUF+VMJTTB4PSJBOP
*NQSFOUB33"SUFT(SÈmDBT4"$
)FDIPFM%FQØTJUP-FHBMFOMB#JCMJPUFDB/BDJPOBMEFM1FSÞ/P
1SJNFSBFEJDJØOOPWJFNCSF
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
"0&
< "/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*">
6/".*3"%"$*&/5¶'*$"
'JPSFMMB3BNÓSF[)
> 1 3»-0( 0 @ $2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
&RQWHQLGR
> 13»-0(0@
> */530%6$$*»/@
> $" 1¶56-0 * @ $PODFQUPTSFMBDJPOBEPTDPOMBmTJPMPHÓBEFMBSFQSPEVDDJØO
4FDVFODJBSFQSPEVDUJWB
$JDMPSFQSPEVDUPS
Q $JDMPPWÈSJDP
Q $JDMPNFOTUSVBMPVUFSJOP
0WVMBDJØO
$BQBDJUBDJØOFTQFSNÈUJDB
'FDVOEBDJØO
%FTBSSPMMPFNCSJPOBSJP
*NQMBOUBDJØO
&NCBSB[P
3JFTHPEFFNCBSB[P
-B"0&ZFMDJDMPNFOTUSVBM
%FTDSJQDJØOEFMBTFDVFODJBSFQSPEVDUJWBZFMEFCBUFTPCSFMB"0&
> $"1¶56-0**@ 4PCSFMBJOWFTUJHBDJØODJFOUÓmDB
> $"1¶56-0***@ 3FTVNFOEFBSUÓDVMPTDJFOUÓmDPT
'BSNBDPDJOÏUJDPT
&GFDUJWJEBEZFGFDUPTTFDVOEBSJPT
&GFDUJWJEBEZFGFDUPTTFDVOEBSJPTFOVTPSFQFUJEP
&YUFOTJØOEFMSÏHJNFO:V[QFBIPSBT
&NCBSB[PTFDUØQJDPT
&GFDUPEF"0&FOTBOHSBEPNFOTUSVBM
.FDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØO-/(
> $"1¶56-0*7@ "SHVNFOUPTPQPTJUPSFTZBDMBSBUPSJPT
> "/&904@
> $0/$-64*0/&4@
¶OEJDFEFQVCMJDBDJPOFTDJFOUÓmDBTTPCSF"0&IBTUBFM
"OUJDPODFQDJØOPSBMEFFNFSHFODJBFOFMNVOEP
#PMFUÓOJOGPSNBUJWP.BS[PEFMB0.4
632*_81)3$
> 1 3»-0( 0 @ 3UyORJR
&OMBÞMUJNBEÏDBEBOJOHÞONÏUPEPBOUJDPODFQUJWPIBTJEPPCKFUPEFUBOUPTZUBOFODFOEJEPT
EFCBUFTDPNPMB"OUJDPODFQDJØO0SBMEF&NFSHFODJB"0&
"MNJTNPUJFNQPOJOHÞONÏUPEP
BOUJDPODFQUJWPFTEFUBOUBJNQPSUBODJBQBSBMBTBMVEQÞCMJDBZQBSBHBSBOUJ[BSMPTEFSFDIPTSFQSP
EVDUJWPTEFMBTNVKFSFTDPNPMB"0&
%FBDVFSEPDPOMB0SHBOJ[BDJØO.VOEJBMEFMB4BMVE0.4
MBBOUJDPODFQDJØOEFFNFSHFODJBTF
SFmFSFBNÏUPEPTRVFMBTNVKFSFTQVFEFOVTBSDPNPVOBBMUFSOBUJWBZTPMPFODBTPEFFNFSHFODJB
EFOUSPEFMPTQSJNFSPTEÓBTQPTUFSJPSFTBVOBSFMBDJØOTFYVBMTJOQSPUFDDJØODPOFMPCKFUJWPEF
QSFWFOJSVOFNCBSB[POPEFTFBEP
%FNBOFSBSFDJFOUFFM1SPHSBNB&TQFDJBMEF*OWFTUJHBDJØO%FTBSSPMMPZ'PSNBDJØOEF*OWFTUJHB
EPSFTTPCSF3FQSPEVDDJØO)VNBOB)31
FOTV#PMFUÓO*OGPSNBUJWPQVCMJDBEPFOPDUVCSFEFM
TF×BMBRVFMBTQÓMEPSBTBOUJDPODFQUJWBTEFFNFSHFODJBRVFDPOUJFOFOMFWPOPSHFTUSFMBDUÞBO
JOIJCJFOEPPQPTUFSHBOEPMBPWVMBDJØOZBMUFSBOEPMBNJHSBDJØOFTQFSNÈUJDBNFDBOJTNPTRVF
IBOTJEPTVmDJFOUFNFOUFFWJEFODJBEPTFOMBMJUFSBUVSBDJFOUÓmDB
-BFWJEFODJBDJFOUÓmDBEJTQPOJCMFFOMBBDUVBMJEBEQFSNJUFBmSNBSUBNCJÏORVFVOBWF[PDVSSJEB
MBGFDVOEBDJØOMB"0&OPJOUFSmFSFDPOFMQSPDFTPEFJNQMBOUBDJØOFOFMFOEPNFUSJPEFMØWVMP
GFDVOEBEP%FJHVBMNBOFSBEJDIBFWJEFODJBJOEJDBRVFMB"0&OPJOUFSmFSFFOFMEFTBSSPMMP
FNCSJPOBSJPEFVOØWVMPZBJNQMBOUBEP&TEFDJSTØMPUJFOFEPTNFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØO
&M)31DSFBEPFOQPSMB0.4DPOMBQBSUJDJQBDJØOEFM1SPHSBNBEFMBT/BDJPOFT6OJEBTQBSBFM%FTBSSPMMP1/6%
EFM'POEPEF1PCMBDJØOEFMBT
/BDJPOFT6OJEBT6/'1"
ZEFM#BODP.VOEJBM8#
NÈTDPOPDJEPQPSTVTJHMBFOJOHMÏTo)31&M)31QSPNVFWFDPPSEJOBBQPZBDPOEVDFZFWBMÞB
MBJOWFTUJHBDJØOFOTBMVESFQSPEVDUJWBBDVZPTFGFDUPTSFÞOFBMPTNÈTDPOOPUBEPTSFQSFTFOUBOUFTEFMPTQSPWFFEPSFTEFTBMVEBMPTSFTQPOTBCMFT
EFQPMÓUJDBTZBMPTDJFOUÓmDPTDMÓOJDPTZDPOTVNJEPSFTEFUPEPFMNVOEP&M)31IBBMDBO[BEPVOBSFDPOPDJEBDSFEJCJMJEBEBOJWFMNVOEJBMQPSRVF
TVTDPODMVTJPOFTZSFDPNFOEBDJPOFTFTUÈOTJFNQSFCBTBEBTFOMBNÈTDPNQMFUBFWJEFODJBRVFSFTVMUBEFMUSBCBKPEFFNJOFOUFTHSVQPTEFFYQFSUPT
QSPWFOJFOUFTEFJOTUJUVDJPOFTEFMNÈTFMFWBEPOJWFMDJFOUÓmDPZBDBEÏNJDP
)31#PMFUÓO*OGPSNBUJWP0DUVCSF-FWPOPSHFTUSFMQBSB"OUJDPODFQDJØOEF&NFSHFODJB0SHBOJ[BDJØO.VOEJBMEFMB4BMVE%FQBSUBNFOUPEF4BMVE
3FQSPEVDUJWBF*OWFTUJHBDJPOFT$POFYBT"WFOVF"QQJB$)(JOFCSB4VJ[B&NBJMSFQSPEVDUJWFIFBMUI!XIPJOUTJUJPXFCXXXXIPJOUSFQSP
EVDUJWFIFBMUI
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
1PSFMMPDVBOEPTFSFmFSFBMPTNFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØOFM)31TF×BMBRVFMBTQÓMEPSBTBOUJDPO
DFQUJWBTEFFNFSHFODJBRVFDPOUJFOFOMFWPOPSHFTUSFM
OPUJFOFOVOFGFDUPBCPSUJWP%FNBOFSB
MJUFSBMFM)31FOTVCPMFUÓOEFPDUVCSFZBDJUBEPJOEJDB
i4FIBEFNPTUSBEPRVFMBTQÓMEPSBTBOUJDPODFQUJWBTEFFNFSHFO
DJBRVFDPOUJFOFOMFWPOPSHFTUSFMQSFWJFOFOMBPWVMBDJØOZRVFOP
UJFOFO VO FGFDUP EFUFDUBCMF TPCSF FM FOEPNFUSJP SFWFTUJNJFOUP
JOUFSOPEFMÞUFSP
PFOMPTOJWFMFTEFQSPHFTUFSPOBDVBOEPTPO
BENJOJTUSBEBTEFTQVÏTEFMBPWVMBDJØO-B"0&OPFTFmDB[VOB
WF[RVFFMQSPDFTPEFJNQMBOUBDJØOTFIBJOJDJBEPZOPQSPWPDB
SÈOVOBCPSUPw
-BMJUFSBUVSBQVCMJDBEBBOUFTEFMB×PQSPCBCMFNFOUFDPOUSJCVZØBDSFBSDPOGVTJPOFTFOUSF
MBTQFSTPOBTOPGBNJMJBSJ[BEBTDPOMBGBSNBDPMPHÓB&OFGFDUPEJDIBMJUFSBUVSBJOEJDBCBVOBMBSHB
MJTUBEFQPTJCMFTNFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØOUFØSJDPTPIJQPUÏUJDPTFOUSFMPTRVFTFNFODJPOBCBWBSJPT
RVFTVHFSÓBOVOFGFDUPMVFHPEFPDVSSJEBMBGFDVOEBDJØO"MHVOBTQFSTPOBTOPEJTUJOHVJFSPOFOUSF
MPRVFFTUFØSJDBNFOUFQPTJCMFZMPRVFFTUÈDPNQSPCBEPZTJOQSFTUBSNBZPSBUFODJØOBFTUBEF
DJTJWBEJGFSFODJBBmSNBSPOUFSNJOBOUFNFOUFRVFMB"0&UFOÓBVOFGFDUPTPCSFMBJNQMBOUBDJØO
ZNÈTBVORVFFSBBCPSUJWB
-B 0.4 UPNB DPNP DSJUFSJP FM FTUBEP EFM DPOPDJNJFOUP Z MB QPTJDJØO EF MPT NÈT EFTUBDBEPT
FTQFDJBMJTUBTFODBEBUFNB&OFTUFTFOUJEPMBTQVCMJDBDJPOFTEFMB0.4BOUFSJPSFTBMB×P
UBNCJÏOSFnFKBCBOFMFTUBEPEFMPTDPOPDJNJFOUPTEJTQPOJCMFTQBSBFTFNPNFOUPFYQSFTBEPTFO
FMMFOHVBKFQSPQJPEFMBDJFODJB
632*_81)3$
> 1 3»-0( 0 @ "NFOVEPFOMPTEFCBUFTBDUVBMFTTPCSFMB"0&UPEBWÓBTFDJUBVOBQVCMJDBDJØOEFMB0.4EFM
B×PQVCMJDBDJØO8)0'3)
&OFGFDUPFOFTBQVCMJDBDJØOMB0.4JOEJDBRVFMB
"0&BEFNÈTEFJOUFSGFSJSFOMBPWVMBDJØOZFOMBNBSDIBFTQFSNÈUJDBQPESÓBUBNCJÏOUFOFSVO
FGFDUPBOUJJNQMBOUBUPSJP%JDIPCPMFUÓOEFCBTBEPFOJOGPSNBDJØOEFB×PTBOUFSJPSFTB
JOEJDB
i-PTNFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØOEFMBT"0&OPIBOTJEPDMBSBNFOUFFTUB
CMFDJEPT"MHVOPTFTUVEJPTIBONPTUSBEPRVFFTUBTQÓMEPSBTTQVFEFO
JOIJCJSPSFUBSEBSMBPWVMBDJØO5BNCJÏOTFIBTVHFSJEPRVFMBT"0&
QPESÓBOQSFWFOJSMBJNQMBOUBDJØOBMUFSBOEPFMFOEPNFUSJP4JOFN
CBSHPMBFWJEFODJBTPCSFFGFDUPTFOFMFOEPNFUSJPTPONJYUBTZOPTF
TBCFTJMPTDBNCJPTEFMFOEPNFUSJPPCTFSWBEPTFOBMHVOPTFTUVEJPT
TPOTVmDJFOUFTQBSBQSFWFOJSMBJNQMBOUBDJØO-B"0&UBNCJÏOQVF
EFQSFWFOJSMBGFSUJMJ[BDJØOPFMUSBOTQPSUFEFMFTQFSNBPEFMIVFWP
QFSPOPFYJTUFJOGPSNBDJØOTPCSFFTUPTQPTJCMFTNFDBOJTNPT-B"0&
OPJOUFSSVNQFFMFNCBSB[PZQPSUBOUPOPQSPEVDFVOBCPSUPw
$PNPTFQVFEFPCTFSWBSFMDJUBEPQÈSSBGPEFMB0.4SFnFKBDMBSBNFOUFFMFTUBEPEFMDPOPDJ
NJFOUPIBDFBQFOBTQPDPNÈTEFEJF[B×PTFJMVTUSBDMBSBNFOUFMBDPNCJOBDJØOFOUSFIJQØUFTJTZ
FYQMJDBDJPOFTUFØSJDBTRVFTFDPOGVOEÓBODPOMPTFWFOUPTEFMBmTJPMPHÓBDPOPDJEPTFOFTBÏQPDB
&NFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO"HVJEFGPSTFSWJDFEFMJWFSZ1VCMJDBDJØO8)0'3)
8PSME)FBMUI0SHBOJ[BUJPO8)00.4
QBH
&OMB0.4TFSFGFSÓBBMPTEPTSFHJNFOFTEFQÓMEPSBTDPOPDJEBTFOMBBOUJDPODFQDJØOEFFNFSHFODJBFTEFDJSBMNÏUPEPEFQÓMEPSBTDPNCJOBEBT
RVFDPOUJFOFFTUSØHFOPTFUJOJMFTUSBEJPM
ZQSPHFTUÈHFOPTDPNPFMMFWPOPSHFTUSFMDPOPDJEBTQPQVMBSNFOUFDPNPNÏUPEP:VTUFZBBRVFMMBTQÓMEPSBT
RVFTPMPDPOUJFOFOQSPHFTUÈHFOPTMFWPOPSHFTUSFM
4FIBFODPOUSBEPRVFMBQÓMEPSBDPNCJOBEBBGFDUBMFWFNFOUFFMFOEPNFUSJPQFSPOPTFIBFODPO
USBEPFWJEFODJBRVFJOEJRVFRVFFTUFMJHFSPDBNCJPJOIJCBMBJNQMBOUBDJØO&OMBTOVNFSPTBTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTSFDJFOUFTOPTFIBFODPOUSBEPFWJEFODJBEF
RVFMBTQÓMEPSBTEFMFWPOPSHFTUSFMBGFDUFOFONBOFSBBMHVOBBMFOEPNFUSJP
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
*HVBMPDVSSÓBDPOMPTFODBSUFTRVFMPTMBCPSBUPSJPTDPMPDBCBOBTVTQSPEVDUPTBOUJDPODFQUJWPTMPT
RVFBEFNÈTUSBUBCBOTJFNQSFEFJODMVJSMBHBNBNÈTBNQMJBQPTJCMFEFFGFDUPTSFBMFTZTVQVFT
UPTBmOEFDVCSJSSFTQPOTBCJMJEBEFTBOUFQPTJCMFTEFNBOEBTZSFDMBNPT
-BSFBDDJØOEFMPTDJFOUÓmDPTZEFJOTUJUVDJPOFTBDBEÏNJDBTEFEJTUJOUPTQBÓTFTBOUFMPTEFCBUFT
TPCSFMB"0&FOMPTDVBMFTTFDPOGVOEÓBDJFODJBDPOUFPSÓBZIFDIPTDPOJEFPMPHÓBTFFODBNJOØB
EFWFMBSMBWFSEBEVTBOEPMBTFSJFEBEZMBUSBOTQBSFODJBQSPQJBTEFEJDIBTDPNVOJEBEFT&OFGFDUP
FOUSFMPTB×PTZTFIBSFBMJ[BEPVODPOTJEFSBCMFOÞNFSPEFPCTFSWBDJPOFTFTUVEJPT
FJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTRVFQPSTVSJHVSPTJEBEIBOTJEPQVCMJDBEPTFOSFWJTUBTDJFOUÓmDBTEFMNÈTBMUP
DSÏEJUPZQSFTUJHJP
&OUSFMBTJOTUJUVDJPOFTRVFEFTUBDBOEFTEFFMB×PFOFMDBNQPEFJOWFTUJHBDJØOFOFMUFNBEF
MPTNFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØOEFMB"0&TFFODVFOUSBOMBTTJHVJFOUFT*OTUJUVUP$IJMFOPEF.FEJDJOB
3FQSPEVDUJWBo*$.&3BETDSJUPBMB6OJWFSTJEBE$BUØMJDBEF$IJMF4BOUJBHPMB%JWJTJØOEF
0CTUFUSJDJB:(JOFDPMPHÓBEFM)PTQJUBM*OTUJUVUP,BSPMJOTLBFO&TUPDPMNP4VFDJBFM4FSWJDJPEF
4BMVE3FQSPEVDUJWB*OTUJUVUP/BDJPOBMEF1FEJBUSÓB.ÏYJDPFM%FQBSUBNFOUPEF(JOFDPMPHÓB
Z0CTUFUSJDJBZFM%FQBSUBNFOUPEF1BUPMPHÓBEFMB6OJWFSTJEBEEF+PIOT)PQLJOT#BMUJNPSF
.%64"ZFM-BCPSBUPSJPEF*OWFTUJHBDJPOFTTPCSF&TUFSPJEFTEFM*OTUJUVUPEF#JPNFEJDJOBEF
MB6OJWFSTJEBEEF)FMTJOLJFO)FMTJOLJ'JOMBOEJB
632*_81)3$
> 1 3»-0( 0 @ -PTFTUVEJPTFJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTSFBMJ[BEPTFOUSFFMB×PZFMQVCMJDBEPTQPSMBTBOUFSJPSFT
SFWJTUBTDFOUSBSPOTVJOUFSÏTFOMPTNFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØOEFMB"0&ZNÈTDPODSFUBNFOUFFO
TVTFGFDUPTTPCSFFMQSPDFTPPWVMBUPSJPTPCSFMBNJHSBDJØOFTQFSNÈUJDBZTPCSFFMFOEPNFUSJP&M
SFTVMUBEPEFFTPTFTUVEJPTFTDPOUVOEFOUFMB"0&TPMPQSFWJFOFMBGFDVOEBDJØOOPJOUFSmFSFDPO
MBBOJEBDJØOEFMIVFWPTJTFIBQSPEVDJEPMBGFDVOEBDJØOZUBNQPDPJOUFSmFSFDPOFMEFTBSSPMMP
EFVOIVFWPRVFTFIBJNQMBOUBEP
4POFTUBTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTDJFOUÓmDBTQVCMJDBEBTFOMPTÞMUJNPTDJODPB×PTMBTRVFIBOMMFWBEPBM
)31BVOQSPOVODJBNJFOUPEJGVOEJEPFOTV#PMFUÓO*OGPSNBUJWPEFPDUVCSFEFSFTF×BEP
FOVOQÈSSBGPBOUFSJPS
-BTDPOUSJCVDJPOFTEFMB"0&BMNFKPSBNJFOUPEFMBTBMVEQÞCMJDBTPOSFMFWBOUFT&OFM1SPHSB
NBEF"DDJØOEF&M$BJSPTFFYIPSUBBUPEPTMPTQBÓTFTBUSBUBSEFSFEVDJSMBNPSUBMJEBENBUFSOB
BEPQUBOEPNFEJEBTQBSBJNQFEJSEFUFDUBSZUSBUBSMPTFNCBSB[PTZOBDJNJFOUPTEFBMUPSJFTHP
FOQBSUJDVMBSFOUSFMBTBEPMFTDFOUFTZMBTQBSUVSJFOUBTEFNÈTFEBE"TJNJTNPTFFYIPSUBBUPEPT
MPTQBÓTFTBRVFQSPDVSFODPOVSHFODJBNPEJmDBSFMDPNQPSUBNJFOUPTFYVBMEFBMUPSJFTHP4FHÞO
FTUVEJPTBVTQJDJBEPTQPSFM6/'1"iQSFWFOJSMPTFNCBSB[PTOPEFTFBEPTNFEJBOUFFMBDDFTPBMB
QMBOJmDBDJØOEFMBGBNJMJBQPESÓBFWJUBSFOUSFZEFMBTEFGVODJPOFTNBUFSOBTw
&OFTUFDPOUFYUPMB"0&TFSFDPOPDFDPNPVOJOTUSVNFOUPEFFYUSBPSEJOBSJBJNQPSUBODJBQBSB
QSFWFOJSMPTFNCBSB[PTOPEFTFBEPTZBRVFDVCSFOFDFTJEBEFTFTQFDJBMFTRVFOPTPOBCPSEBEBTQPS
MPTPUSPTNÏUPEPTBOUJDPODFQUJWPT&MVTPEFMB"0&SFTVMUBPQPSUVOPQBSBQSFWFOJSVOFNCBSB[P
DVBOEPPDVSSFOMBTSFMBDJPOFTTFYVBMFTTJOMBQSPUFDDJØOEFVONÏUPEPBOUJDPODFQUJWPPDVBOEP
PDVSSFVOBGBMMBFOFMNÏUPEPBEPQUBEPDPNPQPSFKFNQMPMBSVQUVSBEFVODPOEØOPMWJEPT
FOUPNBSMBQÓMEPSBPFOBQMJDBSTFMBJOZFDDJØOVOFSSPSFOFMDÈMDVMPEFMNÏUPEPEFBCTUJOFODJB
QFSJØEJDBPMBFYQVMTJØOEFVO%*6FOUSFPUSPT
6/'1"&TUBEPEFMB1PCMBDJØO.VOEJBM/VFWB:PSLQ
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
&OFMNJTNPPSEFOEFJEFBTMB"0&SFTVMUBEFFTQFDJBMWBMPSQBSBQSFWFOJSVOFNCBSB[PDVBOEP
PDVSSFOSFMBDJPOFTTFYVBMFTOPDPOTFOUJEBTFOEPOEFMBNVKFSOPUJFOFOJOHÞODPOUSPMEFMBTJUVB
DJØOZBEFNÈTOPFTUÈQSPUFHJEBDPOVONÏUPEPBOUJDPODFQUJWPFmDB[&TFMDBTPEFMBTWJPMBDJPOFT
ZEFMBTSFMBDJPOFTGPS[BEBTQPSFMNBSJEPFOQFSÓPEPTEFBCTUJOFODJBQFSJØEJDB
-B"0&UBNCJÏODPOUSJCVZFBMBQSFWFODJØOEFMPTBCPSUPT&M1SPHSBNBEF"DDJØOEF&M$BJSP
JOTUBBUPEPTMPTHPCJFSOPTZBMBTPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTJOUFSHVCFSOBNFOUBMFTZOPHVCFSOBNFOUBMFT
QFSUJOFOUFTBJODSFNFOUBSTVDPNQSPNJTPDPOMBTBMVEEFMBNVKFSZBSFEVDJSFMSFDVSTPEFMBCPS
UPNFEJBOUFMBQSFTUBDJØOEFNÈTBNQMJPTZNFKPSFTTFSWJDJPTEFQMBOJmDBDJØOEFMBGBNJMJB
-PTFYQFSUPTEFM6/'1"EFMB0.4014ZEFMBTJOTUJUVDJPOFTBDBEÏNJDBTZQSPGFTJPOBMFTSFMB
DJPOBEBTDPOTBMVEQÞCMJDBZFQJEFNJPMPHÓBSFDPOPDFOFMWBMPSFTQFDJBMEFMB"0&QBSBQSFWFOJS
MPTFNCBSB[PTOPEFTFBEPTZQPSUBOUPQBSBSFEVDJSMBPDVSSFODJBEFMBCPSUPRVFSFTVMUBEFMB
JOUFSSVQDJØOEFFTPTFNCBSB[PT&M)31FOTVQVCMJDBDJØOi4PDJBMTDJFODFSFTFBSDIQPMJDZCSJFGTw
TFSJF/PEF"HPTUPEFMCBTBEPFOFTUVEJPTIFDIPTFO4IBOHIBJ$IJOBFTUJNBRVFTF
QVEPIBCFSQSFWFOJEPFMQPSDJFOUPEFMPTBCPSUPTJOEVDJEPTTJMBTNVKFSFTRVFQBSUJDJQBSPOFO
FMFTUVEJPIVCJFSBOUFOJEPBDDFTPBMB"0&ZMBIVCJFTFOVUJMJ[BEPDPSSFDUBNFOUF
-B0.4014ZFM6/'1"SFDPNJFOEBOFMVTPEFMB"0&KVTUBNFOUFCBKPMBFWJEFODJBEFRVF
OPFTVONFEJDBNFOUPBCPSUJWP&TJNQPSUBOUFBDMBSBSRVFFOFMQÈSSBGPEFM1SPHSBNBEF
"DDJØOEFMB$POGFSFODJBEF&M$BJSPSFMBUJWPBMBCPSUPJOEJDBRVFFOOJOHÞODBTPTFEFCFQSP
NPWFSFMBCPSUPDPNPNÏUPEPEFQMBOJmDBDJØOEFMBGBNJMJB&OWJSUVEEFMPBOUFSJPSFM6/'1"Z
MB0.4014TFBCTUJFOFOEFSFDPNFOEBSZPQSPWFFSNFEJDBNFOUPTBCPSUJGBDJFOUFTDPNPQBSUF
EFMPTQSPHSBNBTEFQMBOJmDBDJØOGBNJMJBS4JOFNCBSHPBNCPTPSHBOJTNPTJODMVZFOMB"0&FO
FMNBSDPEFMBBTJTUFODJBUÏDOJDBZMBQSPWJTJØOEFJOTVNPTBOUJDPODFQUJWPTBMPTQBÓTFTRVFBTÓMP
TPMJDJUFOKVTUBNFOUFFOWJSUVEBRVFMBFWJEFODJBDJFOUÓmDBNÈTDPNQMFUBQPTJCMFJOEJDBDMBSB
NFOUFRVFMB"0&BDUÞBQSFWJOJFOEPMBGFDVOEBDJØOOPJNQJEFMBJNQMBOUBDJØOEFVOØWVMP
GFDVOEBEPOPFTFmDB[VOBWF[RVFFMQSPDFTPEFBOJEBDJØOTFIBJOJDJBEPZQPSUBOUPOPQVFEF
QSPWPDBSVOBCPSUP
632*_81)3$
> 1 3»-0( 0 @ "NBOFSBEFDPODMVTJØOQPEFNPTEFTUBDBSRVFMBDPNVOJEBEDJFOUÓmDBJOUFSOBDJPOBMDPJODJEF
QMFOBNFOUFFORVFMB"0&OPFTBCPSUJWBZUBNQPDPJNQJEFMBJNQMBOUBDJØOEFVOØWVMPGFDVO
EBEPZBRVFOPUJFOFFGFDUPTTPCSFFMFOEPNFUSJP&TUBBmSNBDJØOFTUÈSFTQBMEBEBQPSFMUSBCBKP
DJFOUÓmDPEFOVNFSPTPTJOWFTUJHBEPSFTQFSUFOFDJFOUFTBJOTUJUVDJPOFTEFBNQMJPQSFTUJHJPOBDJPOBM
FJOUFSOBDJPOBM/PFYJTUFVOTPMPFTUVEJPDJFOUÓmDPRVFEFNVFTUSFRVFMB"0&UJFOFVOFGFDUP
BCPSUJWPOJVOFGFDUPRVFJNQJEBMBJNQMBOUBDJØO
&MBDDFTPBMB"0&BEFNÈTEFTFSVOUFNBRVFUPDBMPTEFSFDIPTIVNBOPTEFMBTQFSTPOBTFTVO
BTVOUPEFTBMVEQÞCMJDBFOUBOUPRVFQFSNJUFBMBTNVKFSFTTPCSFUPEPBMBTNÈTQPCSFTDPOUBS
DPOVONÏUPEPBOUJDPODFQUJWPTFHVSPQBSBMPTDBTPTFOMPTDVBMFTTFBNFSJUFTVVTP
$BCFBTJNJTNPTF×BMBSRVFJOUFSOBDJPOBMNFOUFFYJTUFDPOTFOTPFODPOTJEFSBSRVFiMBGBMUBEF
BUFODJØOEFMPTEFSFDIPTSFQSPEVDUJWPTEFMBNVKFSMJNJUBHSBWFNFOUF
TVTPQPSUVOJEBEFTFOMBWJEBQÞCMJDBZQSJWBEBJODMVJEBTMBTPQPSUV
OJEBEFTEFFEVDBDJØOZQMFOPFKFSDJDJPEFTVTEFSFDIPTFDPOØNJDPTZ
QPMÓUJDPTwQÈSSBGP
1MBUBGPSNBEF"DDJØOEFMB$VBSUB$POGFSFODJB.VOEJBMTPCSFMB.VKFS#FJKJOHBMEFTFQUJFNCSFEF
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
> 1 3»-0( 0 @ $2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
> 1 3»-0( 0 @ i&M BDDFTP B MB "0& BEFNÈT EF TFS VO UFNB RVF UPDB MPT
EFSFDIPT IVNBOPT EF MBT QFSTPOBT FT VO BTVOUP EF TBMVE
QÞCMJDBFOUBOUPRVFQFSNJUFBMBTNVKFSFTPCSFUPEPBMBT
NÈTQPCSFTDPOUBSDPOVONÏUPEPBOUJDPODFQUJWPTFHVSP
QBSBMPTDBTPTFOMPTDVBMFTTFBNFSJUFTVVTPw
+BJSP1BMBDJP3FQSFTFOUBOUFEFM6/'1"
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
&DStWXOR,
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ &DStWXOR,
&RQFHSWRVUHODFLRQDGRV
FRQODÀVLRORJtD
GHODUHSURGXFFLyQ
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
$ 0 /$ & 15043 &- "$*0/ " %04$0/ - " '*4*0-0(¶" % & - " 3 & 1 30% 6 $$*»/
1BSBFOUFOEFSDØNPGVODJPOBMBBOUJDPODFQDJØOPSBMEFFNFSHFODJBFTJOEJTQFOTB
CMFDPOPDFSQSJNFSPFMDJDMPSFQSPEVDUJWPGFNFOJOPFMDVBMFTCBTUBOUFDPNQMFKP
QVFTJOWPMVDSBWBSJPTØSHBOPTÞUFSPZPWBSJP
BEFNÈTEFMTJTUFNBOFSWJPTPDFOUSBM
FKFIJQPUÈMBNPIJQØmTJT
-BDPNQMFKJEBEEFMPTNFDBOJTNPTJOWPMVDSBEPTHFOFSBMNFOUFMMFWBBRVFFMUFNBTFBUSBUBEPBJTMBEBNFO
UF&OFMFYUSFNPPQVFTUPDVBOEPTFQSFTFOUBFMUFNBBMQÞCMJDPTFIBDFEFVOBNBOFSBNVZTJNQMJmDBEB
&ODPOTFDVFODJBFTJOEJTQFOTBCMFFODPOUSBSVOQVOUPNFEJPRVFTFBBMNJTNPUJFNQPUÏDOJDBNFOUFSJHVSP
TPQFSPBDDFTJCMFBVOQÞCMJDPÈWJEPEFDPOPDJNJFOUPT&OFTUFDBQÓUVMPTFJOUFOUBMPHSBSFTFCBMBODF
4FDVFODJBSFQSPEVDUJWB
"OUFT TF DSFÓB RVF MB SFMBDJØO TFYVBM MB PWVMBDJØO MB GFDVOEBDJØO Z MB JNQMBOUBDJØO FSBO FWFOUPT TJNVM
UÈOFPT (SBDJBT B MPT BWBODFT EF MB DJFODJB Z MB UFDOPMPHÓB QPS FKFNQMP MB JOWFODJØO EFM {NJDSPTDPQJP
TBCFNPTRVFOPFTBTÓ
1BSBRVFPDVSSBVOFNCBSB[PEFCFODVNQMJSTFVOBTFSJFEFFWFOUPT'JH
"USBWÏTEFVODPJUPMPT
FTQFSNBUP[PJEFTTPOEFQPTJUBEPTFOMBWBHJOB
MPTFTQFSNBUP[PJEFTEFCFOBERVJSJSMBDBQBDJEBEEF
GFDVOEBS
MBNVKFSUJFOFRVFFTUBSFOFMQFSÓPEPGÏSUJMEFTVDJDMPSFQSPEVDUPSFTEFDJSUJFOFRVFIBCFS
PDVSSJEPMBPWVMBDJØO&MTJHVJFOUFQBTP
PDVSSFDVBOEPFMØWVMPZFMFTQFSNBUP[PJEFADBQBDJUBEPTFFO
DVFOUSBOFOFMUFSDJPFYUFSOPEFMBUSPNQBEF'BMPQJPZTFVOFOEBOEPMVHBSBMBGFDVOEBDJØOZDPOFMMPBM
JOJDJPEFMJOUFSDBNCJPEFNBUFSJBMHFOÏUJDP&MØWVMPGFDVOEBEPUBNCJÏOMMBNBEPDJHPUPJOJDJBVOBTFSJFEF
DBNCJPTDFMVMBSFTBNFEJEBRVFFTUSBOTQPSUBEPIBDJBFMÞUFSPEPOEFPDVSSFMBJNQMBOUBDJØO
&MQFSÓPEP
RVFUSBOTDVSSFFOUSFMBGFDVOEBDJØOZMBJNQMBOUBDJØOFTEFTFJTEÓBT&OFTUFNPNFOUPFMØWVMPGFDVOEBEP
&RLWR
&DSDFLWDFLyQHVSHUPiWLFD
2YXODFLyQ
)HFXQGDFLyQ
"
,PSODQWDFLyQ
#
)LJ6HFXHQFLDUHSURGXFWLYD
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ SFDJCFFMOPNCSFEFCMBTUPDJTUP$VBOEPFTUFJOJDJBTVJOTFSDJØOFOMBTVQFSmDJFEFMÞUFSPUBNCJÏODPOPDJEP
DPNPFOEPNFUSJP
TFDSFUBIBDJBFMUPSSFOUFTBOHVÓOFPEFMBNVKFSVOBIPSNPOBMMBNBEBHPOBEPUSPQJOB
DPSJØOJDBIVNBOBI$(
%JDIBIPSNPOBFTUJNVMBMBQSPEVDDJØOEFFTUSØHFOPTZQSPHFTUFSPOBFOMBNVKFS
ZEFFTUBNBOFSBTFNBOUJFOFFMFOEPNFUSJPOVUSJEPZQPSUBOUPTFDSFBOMBTDPOEJDJPOFTOFDFTBSJBTQBSB
FMFNCBSB[P
&MDJDMPSFQSPEVDUPS
&MDJDMPSFQSPEVDUPSGFNFOJOPFTVOBTFDVFODJBEFDBNCJPTFOMPTPWBSJPTZFOFMÞUFSPRVFMBNVKFSFYQFSJ
NFOUBEVSBOUFTVTB×PTGÏSUJMFT&TUPTDBNCJPTTPOFMQSPDFTPEFMBNBEVSBDJØOEFVOPWPDJUPZTVTBMJEB
EFMPWBSJP&TUPTFDPOPDFDPNPDJDMPPWÈSJDP4JNVMUÈOFBNFOUFPDVSSFFOFMFOEPNFUSJPVOQSPDFTPEF
QSFQBSBDJØORVFQFSNJUFSFDJCJSVOØWVMPGFDVOEBEPCMBTUPDJTUP
4JOPIVCJFTFPDVSSJEPMBGFDVOEBDJØO
FMOJWFMEFQSPHFTUFSPOBEJTNJOVZFZFMFOEPNFUSJPRVFIBCÓBQSPMJGFSBEPFOUSBFOVODJDMPEFEFHSBEBDJØO
DFMVMBSZTFEFTQSFOEFIBDJBFMFYUFSJPSFOVOTBOHSBEPRVFFTDPOPDJEPDPNPNFOTUSVBDJØO&TUFQSPDFTP
TFEFOPNJOBDJDMPNFOTUSVBMPVUFSJOP'JH
#
%
$
#
)LJ
&LFOR5HSURGXFWRU
)HPHQLQR
/VOCITOESLAC£LULAGERMINALFEMENINAINMADURAQUEALCOMPLETARSUDIVISINCELULARDESPU£SDELAOVULACINPUEDESERFECUNDADAYSEDENOMINAVULO
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
$ 0 /$ & 15043 &- "$*0/ " %04$0/ - " '*4*0-0(¶" % & - " 3 & 1 30% 6 $$*»/
B $JDMPPWÈSJDP
&MDJDMPPWÈSJDPFTFMDPOKVOUPEFDBNCJPTRVFPDVSSFOFOFMPWBSJPTFSFHVMBEFNBOFSBDPPSEJOB
EBDPOFMIJQPUÈMBNPZMBIJQØmTJTQBSUFTEFMDFSFCSPRVFDPOUSPMBOWBSJBTBDUJWJEBEFTCJPMØHJDBT
&TUBTVUJMJ[BOMBTIPSNPOBTRVFBUSBWÏTEFMUPSSFOUFTBOHVÓOFPTFEJSJHFOIBDJBMPTPWBSJPT&YJTUFO
WBSJBTIPSNPOBTRVFGPSNBOQBSUFEFMTJTUFNBSFQSPEVDUPSTJOFNCBSHPTPOBMHVOBTMBTRVFTF
QVFEFONPOJUPSFBSGÈDJMNFOUFFOMBDJSDVMBDJØOTBOHVÓOFBFTUBTTPOMBGPMÓDVMPFTUJNVMBOUFP'4)Z
MBMVUFJOJ[BOUFP-)'JH
" !
)!!
$#)
$' !" )
!" !
$' !
(!!" #
)LJ&LFORRYiULFR
-B'4)FTUJNVMBFMEFTBSSPMMPEFMPTGPMÓDVMPTPWÈSJDPTRVFTPODPNQBSUJNJFOUPTEPOEFTFBMPKBFM
PWPDJUPZEFTEFEPOEFTFTFDSFUBOMPTFTUSØHFOPTRVFBTVWF[BDUVBSÈOTPCSFFMFOEPNFUSJP1PS
FMMPTFQVFEFPCTFSWBSVOBSFMBDJØOEJSFDUBFOUSFMB'4)ZFMFTUSØHFOP"NFEJEBRVFFMGPMÓDVMP
DSFDFQPSMB'4)UBNCJÏODSFDFMBDBOUJEBEEFDÏMVMBTRVFTFDSFUBOFTUSØHFOPTZQPSFTPMBQSJNFSB
GBTFEFMDJDMPSFQSPEVDUPSFTVOBFUBQBFOMBRVFQSFWBMFDFMBDPODFOUSBDJØOEFFTUSØHFOPT
1PSPUSPMBEPMB-)FTUJNVMBFMEFTBSSPMMPQPTUFSJPSEFMPTGPMÓDVMPTPWÈSJDPTZMMFHBBVOQJDPEF
DPODFOUSBDJØOVOQPDPBOUFTEFMBNJUBEEFMDJDMP&TUFQJDPFTBDUJWBEPQPSMBHSBODBOUJEBEEF
FTUSØHFOPTRVFIBZFOTBOHSF&TUFFWFOUPFTDPOPDJEPDPNPAQJDPEF-)ZFTFMRVFEFTFODBEFOB
MBTFSJFEFFWFOUPTRVFEBSÈOMVHBSBMBTBMJEBEFMPWPDJUPEFMGPMÓDVMPPWÈSJDPFTEFDJSBDUJWBMB
PWVMBDJØO&MSFTJEVPEFMGPMÓDVMPRVFMJCFSØBMPWPDJUPTFDPOPDFDPNPDVFSQPMÞUFP
&MDVFSQPMÞUFPFTVOBHMÈOEVMBUFNQPSBMFTEFDJSVOØSHBOPTFDSFUPSEFIPSNPOBTRVFFOFTUFDBTP
TFDSFUBHSBOEFTDBOUJEBEFTEFQSPHFTUFSPOB"MJHVBMRVFFYJTUFVOBSFMBDJØOEJSFDUBFOUSFMB'4)Z
MPTFTUSØHFOPTFYJTUFVOBSFMBDJØOEJSFDUBFOUSFMB-)ZMBQSPHFTUFSPOBRVFGBWPSFDFSÓBVOBFWFO
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ UVBMHFTUBDJØO&MDVFSQPMÞUFPUJFOFVOUJFNQPEFWJEBEFEÓBTBQSPYJNBEBNFOUFEFTQVÏTEFMPT
DVBMFTFTSFBCTPSCJEPQPSFMPWBSJP"MEFTBQBSFDFSUBNCJÏODBFTVTUBODJBMNFOUFMBDPODFOUSBDJØO
EFQSPHFTUFSPOB&TUBDBÓEBFOWÓBTF×BMFTBMIJQPUÈMBNPZBMBIJQØmTJTDPOMPRVFTFSFBDUJWBVO
OVFWPDJDMP
C $JDMPNFOTUSVBMPVUFSJOP
%VSBOUFFMDJDMPNFOTUSVBMPVUFSJOPTFQSPEVDFODBNCJPTFOFMÞUFSPQBSUJDVMBSNFOUFFOTVSFWFTUJ
NJFOUPJOUFSOPDPOPDJEPDPNPFOEPNFUSJP&TUBTUSBOTGPSNBDJPOFTTPODBVTBEBTQPSMBTIPSNPOBT
PWÈSJDBT%VSBOUFMBQSJNFSBQBSUFEFMDJDMPTFQSPEVDFMBNFOTUSVBDJØORVFFTDPOTFDVFODJBEF
MBEJTNJOVDJØODPOTJEFSBCMFEFMBDPODFOUSBDJØOEFQSPHFTUFSPOBQSPDFTPEFTDSJUPFOMBTFDDJØO
BOUFSJPS
-BNFOTUSVBDJØOFTFMEFTQSFOEJNJFOUPEFMFOEPNFUSJPZPDVSSFBNFOPTRVFTFQSPEV[DBMBJN
QMBOUBDJØOEFVOØWVMPGFDVOEBEP&TUFUFKJEPWVFMWFBDSFDFSQPSBDDJØOEFMFTUSØHFOPZBRVFMBT
DÏMVMBTEFMFOEPNFUSJPQSPMJGFSBOGPSNBOEPVOBDBQBEFNNBNNEFFTQFTPS%FTQVÏTEFMB
PWVMBDJØOZTVTVCTJHVJFOUFFMFWBDJØOEFQSPHFTUFSPOBFMFOEPNFUSJPTFDPOWJFSUFFOVOUFKJEPTFDSF
UPSEFOVUSJFOUFTZTFFMFWBIBTUBQPSMPNFOPTNNEFFTQFTPSNFEJEBTVmDJFOUFQBSBSFDJCJSB
VOQPTJCMFØWVMPGFDVOEBEPZEBSJOJDJPBMBJNQMBOUBDJØO'JH
! $
#")
!
!)
#' !
!"
!")
)LJ
&LFORPHQVWUXDORXWHULQR
( !"
)
&OBVTFODJBEFVOFNCSJØOFMDVFSQPMÞUFPFTSFBCTPSCJEPFOFMPWBSJPEFNBOFSBRVFMBDBOUJEBE
EFQSPHFTUFSPOBEFDBFZDPOFMMBMBDBQBWJFKBEFFOEPNFUSJPMPRVFEBMVHBSBVOBDBQBOVFWB1PS
FMDPOUSBSJPDVBOEPPDVSSFMBGFDVOEBDJØOFMFNCSJØOTFDSFUBVOBIPSNPOBI$(
RVFNBOUJFOFBM
DVFSQPMÞUFPZDPOFMMPMBTFDSFDJØOEFQSPHFTUFSPOB
)
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
$ 0 /$ & 15043 &- "$*0/ " %04$0/ - " '*4*0-0(¶" % & - " 3 & 1 30% 6 $$*»/
0WVMBDJØO
-B PWVMBDJØO FT FM FWFOUP QPS FM DVBM VO PWPDJUP TBMF EFM GPMÓDVMP PWÈSJDP MP RVF TVFMF TVDFEFS B NJUBE
EFMDJDMPVUFSJOPFOUSFFMEÏDJNPZWJHÏTJNPQSJNFSEÓBDPOUBOEPBQBSUJSEFMJOJDJPEFMBNFOTUSVBDJØO
EFQFOEJFOEPEFGBDUPSFTQSPQJPTEFDBEBPSHBOJTNPBTÓDPNPEFGBDUPSFTFYUFSOPT'JH
4JFMPWPDJUP
MJCFSBEPOPFTGFDVOEBEPFOMBTTJHVJFOUFTIPSBTQJFSEFTVDBQBDJEBECJPMØHJDBFTFMJNJOBEPPUFOESÈ
VOBGFDVOEBDJØOUBSEÓBMPRVFOPQFSNJUJSÓBVOEFTBSSPMMPBQSPQJBEPFJNQFEJSÓBRVFMPHSFJNQMBOUBSTF&O
MPTIVNBOPTVTVBMNFOUFMBSVQUVSBGPMJDVMBSVPWVMBDJØOTFQSPEVDFBQSPYJNBEBNFOUFDVBOEPFMGPMÓDVMP
UJFOFVOEJÈNFUSPEFNN'JH
QFSPFTJONJOFOUFDVBOEPFMGPMÓDVMPRVFDPOUJFOFBMPWPDJUPEPNJOBO
UFNJEFNNPNÈTEFEJÈNFUSP&TUPTFEFCFBRVFMBPWVMBDJØOFTBDUJWBEBQPSMBTFDSFDJØOBCSVQUB
EFMB-)DPOPDJEBDPNPQJDPEF-)
)LJ3UREDELOLGDGGHRYXODFLyQ
)LJ2YRFLWRHQUXSWXUDIROLFXODU
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ $BQBDJUBDJØOFTQFSNÈUJDB
%FTQVÏT EF MB FZBDVMBDJØO MPT FTQFSNBUP[PJEFT TF EFQPTJUBO FO MB WBHJOB BTDJFOEFO IBDJB FM DVFMMP
VUFSJOPBUSBWJFTBOFMNPDPDFSWJDBMFJOHSFTBOBMBTDBWJEBEFTMMBNBEBTDSJQUBTDFSWJDBMFT-PTFTQFSNBUP
[PJEFTOFDFTJUBOQBTBSQPSVOBTFSJFEFNPEJmDBDJPOFTQBSBDPNQMFUBSTVDBQBDJEBEGFSUJMJ[BOUF'JH
ZDVMNJOBSMBGFDVOEBDJØO'JH
-PTDBNCJPTmTJPMØHJDPTPDVSSJEPTEVSBOUFMBFTUBODJBEFMFTQFSNBUP
[PJEFFOFMUSBDUPSFQSPEVDUJWPGFNFOJOPTFDPOPDFODPNPDBQBDJUBDJØOFTQFSNÈUJDBMBDVBMQVFEFFTUBS
EJWJEJEBFOEPTFWFOUPTMPTRVFJOJDJBOMBDBQBDJUBDJØOZMPTRVFTPOMBDPOTFDVFODJBEFFTUFQSPDFTP-PT
FTQFSNBUP[PJEFTRVFOPQBTBOQPSFTUFQSPDFEJNJFOUPRVFQVFEFEVSBSEFWBSJBTIPSBTIBTUBDJODPEÓBT
EFTQVÏTEFMBSFMBDJØOTFYVBMOPTPODBQBDFTEFGFDVOEBSBMØWVMP
)LJ&DSDFLWDFLyQHVSHUPiWLFD
)LJ$GTXLVLFLyQGHFDSDFLGDGIHFXQGDQWH
GHOHVSHUPDWR]RLGHHQHOHSLWHOLR
GHODV7URPSDVGH)DORSLR
6ISCONTI0%7ESTBROOK6!#HERTIHIN/$EMARCO)3LEIGHT3AND$IEKMAN!".OVELSIGNALLINGPATHWAYSINVOLVEDINSPERMACQUISITIONOF
FERTILIZINGCAPACITY*2EPROD)MMUNOL
"ALDI%,UCONI-"ONACCORSI,&ORTI'3IGNALTRANSDUCTIONPATHWAYSINHUMANSPERMATOZOA*2EPROD)MMUNOL
!LGUNOSAUTORESDICENQUEELTIEMPOM¤NIMOQUEDEBETRANSCURRIRPARAENCONTRARESPERMATOZOIDESADECUADAMENTECAPACITADOSPARAFECUNDARESDECINCO
HORASSINEMBARGOOTROSDICENQUEELM¤NIMOESDEDIEZHORAS
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
$ 0 /$ & 15043 &- "$*0/ " %04$0/ - " '*4*0-0(¶" % & - " 3 & 1 30% 6 $$*»/
'FDVOEBDJØO
5BOUPDPNPFMQSPDFTPEFNBEVSBDJØOZDBQBDJUBDJØOFTQFSNÈUJDBFTOFDFTBSJP
RVFFMPWPDJUPUBNCJÏOQBTFQPSVOBTFSJFEFDBNCJPTQBSBUFOFSMBDBQBDJEBEEF
VOJSTFDPOFMFTQFSNBUP[PJEF6OPEFFTUPTQSPDFTPTFTFMSFJOJDJPZMBDVMNJOBDJØO
EFMBNFJPTJTPEJWJTJØODFMVMBS-BBDUJWBDJØOEFMPWPDJUPJODMVZFVOHSBOOÞNFSP
EFDBNCJPTNPSGPMØHJDPTZCJPRVÓNJDPTCJFOEFmOJEPTMPTDVBMFTPDVSSFOEFOUSP
EFMPTTJHVJFOUFTTFHVOEPTEFMBJOUFSBDDJØOFOUSFMBTNFNCSBOBTEFMPTHBNFUPT
MPT RVF QVFEFO EVSBS IPSBT -B GFDVOEBDJØO FOUPODFT FT FM FWFOUP FO FM RVF
TFGVTJPOBOMPTHBNFUPTFTQFSNBUP[PJEFZØWVMP"NCPTHBNFUPTEFCFOFTUBS
FODPOEJDJPOFTØQUJNBTEFNPEPRVFFTBVOJØOQFSNJUBFMJOUFSDBNCJPHFOÏUJDP
BEFDVBEPRVFHBSBOUJDFTVTVQFSWJWFODJB%FMPDPOUSBSJPFTUBOVFWBDÏMVMBEF
OPNJOBEBDJHPUPTFQFSEFSÈFTQPOUÈOFBNFOUF'JH
-VFHPEFMDPOUBDUPEFMPT
HBNFUPTQSFWJBNFOUFBMBGVTJØOFYJTUFVOCSFWFQFSÓPEPEFBEIFTJØOFOFMRVF
JOUFSWFOESÈOWBSJPTGBDUPSFTmTJDPRVÓNJDPTEFMPTDVBMFTEFQFOEFRVFMBTDÏMVMBT
NBOUFOHBOMBBEIFTJØOZTFGVTJPOFOPOP
%FTBSSPMMPFNCSJPOBSJP
&TUFUFNBFTCBTUBOUFBNQMJPZFTUÈBÞOFOJOWFTUJ
HBDJØOTJOFNCBSHPQPSBIPSBMBNBZPSÓBEFBVUP
SFTFTUÈEFBDVFSEPDPOBMHVOPTDPODFQUPT%VSBO
UFMBGFDVOEBDJØOTFEFUFSNJOBFMHFOPNBIVNBOP
RVFFTUBCMFDFSÈMBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTÞOJDBTEFDBEB
TFSIVNBOPTJOFNCBSHPZTPMPDPNPFKFNQMPEF
MPTBWBODFTEFFTUBFTQFDJBMJEBEBIPSBTFEJTDVUF
RVFFMQSJNFSFWFOUPEFTQVÏTEFMBGFDVOEBDJØOOP
FTUÈSFHVMBEPQPSFM%/"EFMDJHPUPGPSNBEPTJOP
QPSMBJOGPSNBDJØOEFMPWPDJUPRVFIBTJEPBMNBDFOB
EBQBSBTFSFKFDVUBEBFOFTUFNPNFOUP&OSBUPOFT
TFIBWJTUPRVFFM%/"FNCSJPOBSJPTFBDUJWBSFDJÏO
DVBOEPTFGPSNBOEPTDÏMVMBTQBSBFMDBTPEFMB
FTQFDJFIVNBOBFMFTUBEJPEFEPTPDVBUSPDÏMVMBT
SFDJÏOTFMPHSBBMTFHVOEPPUFSDFSEÓBEFTQVÏTEF
MBGFDVOEBDJØO'JH
3CHULTZ2-AND+OPF'3-OLECULARBASISOFMAMMALIANEGGACTIVATION)N0EDERSON2!AND3CHATTEN'EDS#URRENTTOPICSIN
DEVELOPMENTALBIOLOGY6OL!CADEMIC0RESS)NC3AN$IEGO53!0P
$ESPU£SDEQUEELOVOCITOSECUNDARIOCOMPLETASUDIVISINCELULARDURANTELAREACCINACROSMICAUNINDELOSGAMETOSESTAC£LULAPUEDESERFECUNDADAY
ESCONOCIDACOMOVULO
%XISTENESPECIALISTASQUEDIlERENENLACONCEPTUALIZACINDEALGUNOST£RMINOSPRINCIPALMENTEPORSERCONTROVERSIALESADEMÕSLACOMPLEJIDADDELOSPROCESOS
HACEQUELASDElNICIONESSEANARBITRARIAS0ARAMAYORINFORMACINCONSULTAR'RIFlN$4HE7ORLD(EALTH/RGANIZATIONINITIATIVEONIMPLANTATIONRESEARCH
#ONTRACEPTION
!LIKANI-#ALDERN'4OMKIN''ARISSI*+OKOT-#OHEN*!(UMANREPRODUCTION
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ 3FTQFDUPEFMQSPDFTPEFQSPMJGFSBDJØOPEJWJTJØODFMVMBSFTJNQPSUBOUFDPOPDFSRVFMBTDÏMVMBTTPOUPUJQPUFO
UFTFTEFDJSUJFOFOMBGBDVMUBEQPUFODJBMEFTFSBJTMBEBTZBMTFSDPMPDBEBTFOVONFEJPBEFDVBEPJOJDJBSÈO
OVFWBNFOUFTVQSPDFTPEFEJWJTJØODFMVMBSMPRVFTJHOJmDBRVFQPESÓBOGPSNBSVOFNCSJØOOVFWPBQBSUJSEF
DBEBVOBEFFTUBTDÏMVMBT
3FDJÏODVBUSPEÓBTEFTQVÏTEFMBGFDVOEBDJØOPDVSSFFMQSPDFTPEFEJGFSFODJBDJØODFMVMBSFTEFDJSMBTQSJ
NFSBTDÏMVMBTFNCSJPOBSJBTTFEFTBSSPMMBOBMTÏQUJNPEÓBEFTQVÏTEFMBGFDVOEBDJØOMMBNBEBCMBTUPDJTUP
EFBQSPYJNBEBNFOUFDÏMVMBTEFMBTDVBMFTTPMPFMEFFMMBTFTFNCSJPOBSJPZFMSFTUPEBSÈMVHBSB
MBQMBDFOUB'JH
)#- -ASACELULARINTERNAQUE
DARÕLUGARALASC£LULAS
EMBRIONARIAS
# #AVIDAD
4 #£LULASQUEDARÕNLUGAR
ALAPLACENTA
)LJ%ODVWRFLVWR
.ORWITZ%3CHUST$&ISHER3)MPLANTATIONANDTHESURVIVALOFEARLYPREGNANCY.%NGL*-ED
"LASTOCISTOESELESTADIOCELULARQUEINICIAELPROCESODEIMPLANTACIN
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
$ 0 /$ & 15043 &- "$*0/ " %04$0/ - " '*4*0-0(¶" % & - " 3 & 1 30% 6 $$*»/
*NQMBOUBDJØO
-BJNQMBOUBDJØOFTFMQSPDFTPRVFTFJOJDJBDPOFMDPOUBDUPEFMCMBTUPDJTUPGBTFFNCSJPOBSJB
ZFMSFWFTUJ
NJFOUPJOUFSOPEFMÞUFSPEFMBNVKFSFOEPNFUSJP
1BSBFMMPFMFOEPNFUSJPTFIBDFSFDFQUJWPHSBDJBTBMBT
IPSNPOBTPWÈSJDBTFTUSØHFOPZQSPHFTUFSPOB
MPDVBMPDVSSFBQSPYJNBEBNFOUFBMTFYUPEÓBEFTQVÏTEF
MBGFDVOEBDJØO'JH
"OUFTEFMBJNQMBOUBDJØOOPIBZTJHOPTFOFMDVFSQPNBUFSOPRVFMFQFSNJUBO
SFDPOPDFSMBQSFTFODJBEFVOOVFWPJOEJWJEVP%VSBOUFMBJNQMBOUBDJØOFMFNCSJØOTFDSFUBMBI$(HPOB
EPUSPQJOBDPSJØOJDBIVNBOB
RVFBMQBTBSBMUPSSFOUFTBOHVÓOFPEFMBNVKFSFOWÓBTF×BMFTBMDFSFCSPTPCSF
TVQSFTFODJB
!"#" (#! !"!(#!
!"(#!
"
!"!!(!(#!
$ $#)
!"!"!
#)
&$##
")
'" )LJ
3URFHVRGHLPSODQWDFLyQ
%SPEC¤lCAMENTELASECRECINDEH#'SEDAPORELSINCICIOTROFOBLASTOQUEESELGRUPOCELULARQUEDARÕLUGARALAPLACENTA
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ &NCBSB[P
&MFNCBSB[PFTVOBDPOEJDJØOEFMBNBESFZOPEFMOVFWPJOEJWJEVPFOEFTBSSPMMP&MFNCBSB[PDPNJFO[BDPO
MBJNQMBOUBDJØOFTEFDJSDVBOEPMBTDÏMVMBTRVFEBOPSJHFOBMBQMBDFOUBTFDSFUBOMBHPOBEPUSPQJOBDPSJØOJDB
IVNBOBI$(
RVFMVFHPFTEFUFDUBEBFOMBTBOHSFEFMBNVKFSZDVZBQSFTFODJBFTWJUBMQBSBMBTVQFSWJWFODJB
EFMFNCSJØOZBRVFJNQJEFFMEFTDFOTPEFMBIPSNPOBRVFGBWPSFDFMBHFTUBDJØOFTEFDJSEFMBQSPHFTUFSPOB
ZBTÓFWJUBRVFTFQSPEV[DBMBNFOTUSVBDJØO
1BSB DPNQSFOEFSMBDPNQMFKJEBEEFFTUFQSPDFTPEFCFNPTTBCFSRVFMBNJUBEEFMPTDJHPUPTGPSNBEPT
BQSPYJNBEBNFOUFTFFMJNJOBOBUVSBMZFTQPOUÈOFBNFOUFFOFMEFMPTDPJUPTOPTFQSPEVDFMBGFDVOEB
DJØOBVODVBOEPPDVSSBOFOMPTEÓBTNÈTGÏSUJMFTEFMBNVKFS"EFNÈTFOFMEFMBTGFDVOEBDJPOFTOPIBZ
FNCBSB[PZBRVFOPUPEPTMPTØWVMPTGFDVOEBEPTMMFHBOBJNQMBOUBSTF
3JFTHPEFFNCBSB[P
&OMBmHVSBTFPCTFSWBRVFMPTEÓBTEFNBZPSQSPCBCJMJEBEQBSBRVFVOBNVKFSPWVMFFTEFDJSMPTEÓBT
EFNBZPSGFSUJMJEBE
FTUÈOFOUSFFMEÓBZFMEFMDJDMPNFOTUSVBM4JOFNCBSHPFYJTUFFTUBQSPCBCJMJEBE
BVORVF NFOPS FOUSF MPT EÓBT EÏDJNP Z WJHÏTJNP QSJNFSP JODMVTJWF QVFEF IBCFS PWVMBDJØO FO EÓBT NVZ
DFSDBOPTBMBNFOTUSVBDJØO&TUPTFEFCFBRVFFMDJDMPNFOTUSVBMQVFEFTFSBGFDUBEPQPSDPOEJDJPOFT
FYUFSOBTDPNPBOTJFEBEQSFPDVQBDJØODBNCJPTEFBMJNFOUBDJØOPIÈCJUPTEFTVF×PZPUSPT
&TUPRVJFSFEFDJSRVFTJVOBNVKFSUJFOFSFMBDJPOFTTFYVBMFTTJOQSPUFDDJØOIBTUBDJODPEÓBTBOUFTEFMB
PWVMBDJØOFMMBQVFEFFTUBSFOSJFTHPEFFNCBSB[PQPSRVFMPTFTQFSNBUP[PJEFTFTUBSÈODBQBDJUBEPTZ
MJTUPTQBSBGFDVOEBSBMØWVMP'JH
)LJ3UREDELOLGDGGHHPEDUD]R
GHVSXpVGHXQFRLWR~QLFR
3ESIGUELADElNICINDEEMBARAZODELA/RGANIZACIN-UNDIALDELA3ALUD
%STASCIFRASSEEXTRAENDEPROBABILIDADESDEEMBARAZOENCL¤NICASDEFERTILIZACINASISTIDA
7ILCOX!7EINBERG#"AIRD$4IMINGOFSEXUALINTERCOURSEINRELATIONTOOVULATION4HE.EW%NGLAND*OURNALOF-EDICINE6OL.O
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
$ 0 /$ & 15043 &- "$*0/ " %04$0/ - " '*4*0-0(
'*4*0-0(¶"
¶ " % & - " 3 & 1 30% 6 $$*»/
$$* »/
"0&ZFMDJDMPNFOTUSVBM
-B"0&FTVOBIPSNPOBTJOUÏUJDBRVFBDUÞBCJPMØHJDBNFOUFTJNJMBSBMBQSPHFTUFSPOBRVFFTMBIPSNPOB
RVFTFFMFWBZBMDBO[BDPODFOUSBDJPOFTNÈYJNBTFOFMDVFSQPEFMBNVKFSFOMBTFHVOEBQBSUFEFMDJDMP
NFOTUSVBMNVKFSEFIBCFSGFDVOEBDJØOFTUBIPSNPOBTFFMFWBBVONÈTEVSBOUFMBHFTUBDJØOQPSBDDJØO
EFMBHPOBEPUSPQJOBDPSJØOJDBIVNBOBI$(
RVFFTMBIPSNPOBFNCSJPOBSJBRVFNBOEBTF×BMFTBMDVFSQP
EF MB NVKFS QBSB TFHVJS QSPEVDJFOEP QSPHFTUFSPOB 4J OP FYJTUJFTF MB I$( FM PWBSJP EFKBSÓB EF QSPEVDJS
QSPHFTUFSPOBZFMFOEPNFUSJPDBFSÓBPDBTJPOBOEPMBNFOTUSVBDJØO
4ORTORA'ERARD*0RINCIPIOSDEANATOM¤AYlSIOLOG¤A-£XICO$&(ARLA
632*_81)3$
632*
_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ $2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
$ 0 /$ & 15043 &- "$*0/ " %04$0/ - " '*4*0-0(¶" % & - " 3 & 1 30% 6 $$*»/
%FTDSJQDJØOEFMBTFDVFODJBSFQSPEVDUJWB
ZFMEFCBUFTPCSFMB"0&
5PNBOEPMBJOGPSNBDJØOCÈTJDBEFMBCJPMPHÓBZMBNFEJDJOBMPRVFTJHVFFTVOSBDJPDJOJPMØHJDP%FPUSP
MBEPSFTPMWFSMBEJTDVTJØOFOUPSOPBMB"0&RVFTFDFOUSBFOMBGSBTFi1PESÓBUFOFSFGFDUPTBCPSUJWPTw
BCBSDBQVOUPTNÈTFTQFDÓmDPTEFFTUBTFTQFDJBMJEBEFTRVFBEFNÈTDPOUFNQMBOMBTEFmOJDJPOFTTPCSFFM
BCPSUPZFNCBSB[P
-BTDJFODJBTCJPMØHJDBTTPODPNQMFKBTQBSBDVBMRVJFSBRVFOPUFOHBDPOPDJNJFOUPTEFFTUBFTQFDJBMJEBE
DPNPMPTFSÓBMBJOHFOJFSÓBQBSBMPTCJØMPHPT1FSPMPRVFFTQPTJCMFDPOPDFSPJOUVJSFTRVFMBTDJFODJBT
FYDFQUPMBTNBUFNÈUJDBT
OPTPOUBOFYBDUBTQPSFMMPFOMBTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTDJFOUÓmDBTTFIBCMBJODMVTPEF
JOUFSWBMPTEFDPOmBO[BFTEFDJSDPODVÈOUPQPSDFOUBKFEFDPOmBCJMJEBETFQVFEFBmSNBSRVFVOIFDIPFT
WFSEBEFSP&MDVFSQPIVNBOPZFOFTUFDBTPQBSUJDVMBSMBSFQSPEVDDJØOIVNBOBBÞOFODJFSSBNVDIPTNJT
UFSJPTTJOFNCBSHPMBDPNVOJEBEEFDJFOUÓmDPTIBQPEJEPMMFHBSBDPOTFOTPTFOCBTFBMBTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFT
SFBMJ[BEBTIBTUBMBGFDIBDPOTFDVFOUFNFOUFMBSFQSPEVDDJØOIVNBOBOPFTDBQBBFTUBQSFNJTB
%FMPRVFMBDJFODJBDPOPDFDPOEFDPOmBO[B{RVÏFTMPWFSEBEFSP FMFNCBSB[PZFMDPJUPOPTPO
TJNVMUÈOFPTZ
MBQSPCBCJMJEBEEFFNCBSB[BSTFOPFTEFM&OUPODFTQPEFNPTJSQPSQBSUFT
-PTTFSFTIVNBOPTBEJGFSFODJBEFPUSPTNBNÓGFSPTUJFOFOSFMBDJPOFTTFYVBMFTFODVBMRVJFSNPNFOUP
EFMDJDMPZOPTPMPFOMBGBTFGÏSUJM"RVÓZBTFFTUBCMFDFVOSFRVJTJUPEFTJODSPOÓBFOUSFFMFWFOUPDPJUP
SFMBDJØOTFYVBMWBHJOBMDPOFZBDVMBDJØO
ZFMNPNFOUPGÏSUJMEFMBNVKFSFTEFDJSMBTNVKFSFTUJFOFO
SFMBDJPOFTTFYVBMFTOPTPMPFOTVTEÓBTEFNBZPSQSPCBCJMJEBEEFGFSUJMJEBE
-PTFTQFSNBUP[PJEFTUJFOFOVOUJFNQPEFWJEBDPODBQBDJEBEEFGFDVOEBSEFIBTUBDJODPEÓBTEFTQVÏT
EFMNPNFOUPEFMBFZBDVMBDJØO4FQPESÓBHSBmDBSMBTJUVBDJØODPNPRVFMPTNJMMPOFTEFFTQFSNBUP[PJ
EFTFTUÈOiBMBFTQFSBwEFRVFTFMJCFSFFMØWVMPRVFQPESÓBTFSGFDVOEBEPTPMBNFOUFFOMBTTJHVJFOUFT
IPSBTQVFTFTUFFTFMUJFNQPEFWJEBEFVOØWVMP&TUFMBQTPCJPMØHJDBNFOUFUJFOFVOBSB[ØOEF
TFSTFDPOPDFRVFVOHSVQPEFFTQFSNBUP[PJEFTBTDJFOEFOBMBTUSPNQBTEF'BMPQJPMVHBSEPOEFOPS
NBMNFOUFPDVSSFMBGFDVOEBDJØO
BMPTNJOVUPTEFTFSFZBDVMBEPTQFSPOVFWBNFOUFMPTBWBODFTEFMB
DJFODJBOPTQFSNJUFODPOPDFSRVFFTUPTOPUJFOFODBQBDJEBEEFGFDVOEBS4POMPTRVFBTDJFOEFOWBSJBT
IPSBTEFTQVÏTZIBTUBFMRVJOUPEÓBMPTRVFQVFEFOGFDVOEBSBMØWVMP
4JFMDPJUPPDVSSJFTFFODVBMRVJFSBEFMPTDJODPEÓBTQSFWJPTBMBPWVMBDJØOPFOFMNJTNPEÓBIBZVOB
QSPCBCJMJEBEEFGFDVOEBDJØO&TUBFTBTVWF[SFMBUJWBNFOUFCBKBJODMVTPBMHVOPTFTQFDJBMJTUBTIBCMBOEF
TPMPVOEFQSPCBCJMJEBE&TUPTFEFCFRVFDBEBGFDVOEBDJØODPSSFFMSJFTHPEFOPTFSØQUJNBHFOF
SBMNFOUFQPSDBVTBTHFOÏUJDBTFTEFDJSQPSVOBNBMBDPOKVHBDJØOEFMPTHFOPNBTEFMFTQFSNBUP[PJEF
ZEFMØWVMP"MHVOPTMMBNBOBFTUPiTFMFDDJØOOBUVSBMw1PSFMMPBQSPYJNBEBNFOUFFMEFMPTØWVMPT
GFDVOEBEPTOVODBMMFHBBJNQMBOUBSTFFOFMÞUFSP
&MQBTPTJHVJFOUFZFMGPDPEFBUFODJØOFOFMEFCBUFTPCSFMBMFHJUJNJEBEEFMB"0&FTMBJNQMBOUBDJØO&TUF
FWFOUPPDVSSFBMTÏQUJNPEÓBEFTQVÏTEFMBGFDVOEBDJØOFTEFDJSMBDÏMVMBRVFTFGPSNØEFMBDPOKVHBDJØO
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ EFMFTQFSNBUP[PJEFDPOFMØWVMPWBTJFOEPUSBOTQPSUBEPIBDJBFMÞUFSPNJFOUSBTTVGSFVOBTFSJFEFDBNCJPT
DFMVMBSFTQSPDFTPRVFFTFTUVEJBEPQPSMBFNCSJPMPHÓB6OBWF[RVFFTUFDPOKVOUPEFDÏMVMBTEFTDJFOEF
IBDJBFMÞUFSPUÏDOJDBNFOUFFTEFOPNJOBEPFTUBEJPFNCSJPOBSJPEFCMBTUPDJTUP
DPNJFO[BBBOJEBSTFFO
FMUFKJEPJOUFSOPEFMÞUFSPMMBNBEPFOEPNFUSJP&OFTUFNPNFOUPFTRVFMBDPNVOJEBECJPNÏEJDBFTUBCMFDF
FMNPNFOUPEFFNCBSB[P
-B0.4FTFMFOUFUÏDOJDPNVOEJBMFOUFNBTEFTBMVEQFSPOPFTJOGBMJCMFBVORVFEFmOJUJWBNFOUFSF
ÞOFBMPTFTQFDJBMJTUBTNÈTSFDPOPDJEPTZMPRVFMFQFSNJUFPGSFDFSJOGPSNBDJØOPCKFUJWBBDUVBMJ[BEBZ
OVFWBNFOUFDPOFTFEFDPOmBO[B&TBTÓDPNPMB0.4EFmOFFMFNCBSB[PDPNPFMFTUBEPEFMB
NVKFSRVFDPNJFO[BBMUFSNJOBSFMQSPDFTPEFJNQMBOUBDJØO&TUBEFmOJDJØOIBTJEPDVFTUJPOBEBQPSMPT
HSVQPTNÈTDPOTFSWBEPSFTTJOFNCBSHPNÈTBMMÈEFMBTDSFFODJBTFJEFPMPHÓBTEFDBEBQFSTPOBFTUB
EFmOJDJØOFTCJPMØHJDBNFOUFQMBVTJCMFFTEFDJSUJFOFTFOUJEPZBRVFFTFMQSJNFSNPNFOUPFORVFFM
DVFSQPEFMBNVKFSSFDPOPDFMBQSFTFODJBEFVOTFSWJWPEJTUJOUPBFMMBZFTUPTFEFCFBMBIPSNPOBRVF
TFDSFUBFMQSPQJPFNCSJØOBMUPSSFOUFTBOHVÓOFPEFMBNVKFSZRVFFTNFEJEBFOUPEPTMBTQSVFCBTEF
FNCBSB[PIPSNPOBHPOBEPUSPQJOBDPSJØOJDBIVNBOBoI$(
{$ØNPBDUÞBMB"0&
)BCJFOEPSFTVNJEPMPTFWFOUPTSFMFWBOUFTSFTQFDUPEFMBSFQSPEVDDJØOIVNBOBMB"0&EFTPMPQSP
HFTUÈHFOPBDUÞBFO
Q &MNPDPDFSWJDBMFTQFTÈOEPMPEFNPEPRVFEJmDVMUBMBNJHSBDJØOFTQFSNÈUJDBIBDJBMBTUSPNQBTEF
'BMPQJP
Q &MPWBSJPJOIJCJFOEPPQPTUFSHBOEPMBPWVMBDJØO
.FDBOJTNP*OIJCFPQPTUFSHBMBPWVMBDJØO
-BBMUBEPTJTEFIPSNPOBTTJOUÏUJDBTJOIJCFPQPTUFSHBMBPWVMBDJØOZBRVFFWJUBRVFTFEÏFMQJDPEF-)
IPSNPOBMVUFJOJ[BOUFTFDSFUBEBQPSVOBQPSDJØOEFMDFSFCSP
FMDVBMFTJOEJTQFOTBCMFQBSBRVFPDVSSBMB
PWVMBDJØO&TUFFGFDUPFTTPMPUFNQPSBMQVFTVOUSBUBNJFOUPEF"0&QSPUFHFTPMPEFVODPJUPTJOQSPUFD
DJØO-BIPSNPOBTJOUÏUJDBDPNPGÈSNBDPTPMPUJFOFVOEFUFSNJOBEPUJFNQPEFBDDJØOZBRVFFTEFHSBEBEB
QPSFMIÓHBEPNFUBCPMJ[BDJØO
#ROXATTO("$EVOTO,$RENAD-%ZCURRA%,ARREA&4AGLE#/RTIZ-%6ANTMAN$6EGA-VON(ERTZEN(-ECHANISMOFACTIONOFHORMONAL
PREPARATIONSUSEDFOREMERGENCYCONTRACEPTIONAREVIEWOFTHELITERATURE#ONTRACEPTION
0OSICIONAMIENTOSSOBRELAANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIA*ULIO#ONSORCIO)NTERNACIONALSOBRE!NTICONCEPCINDE%MERGENCIA
(APANGAMA$'LASIER!&"AIRD$44HEEFFECTSOFPERIOVULATORYADMINISTRATIONOF,EVONORGESTRELONTHEMENSTRUALCYCLE#ONTRACEPTION
'RIMES$2AYMOND%%MERGENCYCONTRACEPTION!NN)NTERN-ED
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
$ 0 /$ & 15043 &- "$*0/ " %04$0/ - " '*4*0-0(¶" % & - " 3 & 1 30% 6 $$*»/
.FDBOJTNP&TQFTBFMNPDPDFSWJDBM
-PTBOUJDPODFQUJWPTPSBMFTJODMVZFOEPMB"0&BDUÞBOFTQFTBOEPFMNPDPDFSWJDBM&TUFFGFDUPDPNQMFNFO
UBSJPEFEJmDVMUBSFMBTDFOTPEFMPTFTQFSNBUP[PJEFTIBDJBMBTUSPNQBTEF'BMPQJPZQSFWFOJSMBGFDVOEB
DJØOTFEBQPSBDDJØOEFMBQSPHFTUFSPOBTJOUÏUJDBMFWPOPSHFTUSFM
.FDBOJTNPIJQPUÏUJDPBOUJJNQMBOUBDJØO
%FTEFRVFDPNFO[ØFMVTPEFMFWPOPSHFTUSFMDPNPBOUJDPODFQDJØOPSBMEFFNFSHFODJBMPTMBCPSBUPSJPT
GBCSJDBOUFTIBONFODJPOBEPRVFMFWPOPSHFTUSFMDPNP"0&UJFOFUSFTNFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØOEPTRVFZB
GVFSPOEFTDSJUPTZRVFOPSFQSFTFOUBOOJOHVOBDPOUSPWFSTJBTJOFNCBSHPMBQPTJCJMJEBEEFVONFDBOJTNP
EFBDDJØORVFJNQJEBMBJNQMBOUBDJØOEFVOØWVMPGFDVOEBEPTÓDBVTBHSBODPOUSPWFSTJBQBSUJDVMBSNFOUFFO
QBÓTFTDPNPFMOVFTUSPEPOEFMBMFHJTMBDJØOQSPUFHFBMDPODFCJEPZFTUFFTFOPDBTJPOFTTFTHBEBNFOUF
JOUFSQSFUBEPDPNPFMØWVMPGFDVOEBEPBQFTBSRVFMBDJFODJBOPVUJMJ[BFMUÏSNJOPDPNPTVKFUPTJOPDPNP
BEKFUJWPPWFSCP
&MNFDBOJTNPEFBOUJJNQMBOUBDJØOTFNBOUJFOFEFTEFMBGBSNBDPQFBEFMBTNPMÏDVMBTEPOEFTFDPODFO
USBOUPEPTMPTNFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØOEFMBNPMÏDVMBFOFTUFDBTPEFMFWPOPSHFTUSFMTJOEJTUJOHVJSTVTEJGF
SFOUFTGPSNBTEFBENJOJTUSBDJØOPSBMTVCEÏSNJDBJOUSBVUFSJOB
OJMBTEJGFSFOUFTEPTJT-FWPOPSHFTUSFMQPS
WÓBPSBMFTBENJOJTUSBEBFOBOUJDPODFQUJWPTEFVTPSFHVMBSEFTEFMPTB×PT$PNPBOUJDPODFQUJWPEFVTP
SFHVMBSZEFUPNBEJBSJBUJFOFVONFDBOJTNPEFBDDJØORVFJNQJEFFMDSFDJNJFOUPØQUJNPEFMFOEPNFUSJP
TJFNQSFZDVBOEPTFBBENJOJTUSBEBEFTEFMBQSJNFSBGBTFEFMDJDMPNFOTUSVBMGFNFOJOP
"QBSUJSEFMBTQSJNFSBTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTDPOEVDJEBTQPSMB0.4MBDPNVOJEBEDJFOUÓmDBQSFTUBBUFODJØO
B FTUF QPTJCMF NFDBOJTNP EF BDDJØO Z FNQJF[BO B QSPEVDJSTF WBSJPT EJTF×PT FYQFSJNFOUBMFT UBOUP FO
BOJNBMFTEFMBCPSBUPSJPTDPNPUBNCJÏODMÓOJDPTFOIVNBOPT
MPTDVBMFTUJFOFODPNPPCKFUJWPFWBMVBSMB
FYJTUFODJBPOPEFFTUFNFDBOJTNPEFBDDJØO-BNBZPSÓBEFJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTRVFEBUBOBOUFTEFMB×P
NFODJPOBOFTUFNFDBOJTNPEFBDDJØODPNPVOIFDIP
"MHVOBTEFMBTÞMUJNBTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTRVFFWJEFODJBORVFMB"0&EFMFWPOPSHFTUSFMOPUJFOFVONFDBOJTNP
EFBDDJØOTPCSFMBJNQMBOUBDJØOTPOEFTDSJUBTFOMPTTJHVJFOUFTDBQÓUVMPT
%+ESSERÓ&'ARMENDIA.7ESTPHAL*0ARADA4HEHORMONALANDPERIPHERALEFFECTSOF$NORGESTRELINPOSTCOITALCONTRACEPTION#ONTRACEPTION6OLUME
)SSUE/CTOBER$EPARTAMENTODE/BSTETRICIAY'INECOLOG¤A5NIVERSIDAD#AYETANO(EREDIAE)NSTITUTODE)NVESTIGACIN,IMA0ER¢
3EEXTRAEDEMANUALESYESCRITOSDEFERTILIZACINASISTIDA
5NMECANISMOANTII
INICIARSEELEMBARAZOCOMOESESTABLECIDOPORLA/-3
6ALELAPENAACLARARQUEAUNQUETENGAESTEEFECTOSOBREELENDOMETRIOAUNAS¤NOLOHACEANTIIMPLANTATORIOYAQUELASMUJERESQUETOMANANTICONCEPTIVOS
HORMONALESNOOVULANYPORELLONOHAYFECUNDACINNILOSEVENTOSCONSECUTIVOS
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ -BmTJPMPHÓBEFMBSFQSPEVDDJØOUSBUBTPCSFMPTEJGFSFOUFT
NFDBOJTNPTBUSBWÏTEFMPTDVBMFTTFMPHSBMBQFSQFUVBDJØO
EFUPEBTMBTFTQFDJFT&OFMDBTPEFMBNVKFSFTUPTQSPDFTPT
TFMMFWBOBDBCPFOQBUSPOFTDPNQMFKPTTJOFNCBSHP
FTUPTTPODMBSPTZEFmOJEPTFOMBBDUVBMJEBEDPNPTPO
MBTFDSFDJØOIPSNPOBMGFDVOEBDJØOJNQMBOUBDJØO
GPSNBDJØOEFMFNCSJØOHFTUBDJØOZQBSUP-BGFSUJMJEBE
QVFEFTFSJOUFSSVNQJEBFODVBMRVJFSBEFFTUPTQSPDFTPT
MPTDVBMFTTPODPOUSPMBEPTmTJPMØHJDBNFOUFQSJODJQBMNFOUF
QPSFMIJQPUÈMBNPMBIJQØmTJTZMPTPWBSJPT
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
$ 0 /$ & 15043 &- "$*0/ " %04$0/ - " '*4*0-0(¶" % & - " 3 & 1 30% 6 $$*»/
&DStWXOR,,
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ &DStWXOR,,
6REUHODLQYHVWLJDFLyQ
FLHQWtÀFD
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
4 0 #3& - " */ 7 &45 *("$*»/ $*&/ 5 ¶'*$"
-BJOWFTUJHBDJØODJFOUÓmDBFTQBSUFEFMBGPSNBDJØOEFDBMJEBEEFNVDIPTQBÓTFT
FOMBNFEJEBRVFCSJOEBOVFWPTDPOPDJNJFOUPT&TUPTFODVFOUSBOVOBCBSSFSBBM
QBTBSEFMEFTDVCSJNJFOUPDJFOUÓmDPBMVTPQSÈDUJDPDPNPSFTVMUBEPEFFTUPTFEB
VOBFOPSNFEFNPSBQBSBTVJNQMFNFOUBDJØO6OPEFMPTEPDVNFOUPTFOMPTRVF
TF DPNVOJDB MB JOWFTUJHBDJØO FT FM BSUÓDVMP DJFOUÓmDP RVF TF QVCMJDB FO SFWJTUBT
QSFTUJHJPTBTQPSDPOTJEFSBSTFMBNFKPSGPSNBEFPCUFOFSMBJOGPSNBDJØOBUSBWÏTEF
EBUPTEFQSJNFSBNBOP1PSMPUBOUPFMPCKFUJWPGVOEBNFOUBMEFVOBSFWJTUBDJFOUÓ
mDBFTTFSMBGVFOUFQSJPSJUBSJBEFEJGVTJØOZQVCMJDBDJØOEFDPOPDJNJFOUPT
&TUBTSFWJTUBTTVFMFOTFSFEJUBEBTQPSTPDJFEBEFTPJOTUJUVDJPOFTDJFOUÓmDBTEFDBSÈDUFSOBDJPOBMFJOUFSOB
DJPOBM5IF*OTUJUVUFGPS4DJFOUJmD*OGPSNBUJPO*4*
TFFODBSHBEFDPOGFDDJPOBSVOÓOEJDFEFJNQBDUPPDJUB
DJØOQBSBDBEBSFWJTUBZBQBSUJSEFFTUFÓOEJDFFM*4*DPNQMFUBVOBMJTUBJOUFSOBDJPOBMEFSFWJTUBT4DJFODF
$JUBUJPO*OEFY4$*
FOFMRVFTFFTUBCMFDFVOEFÓOEJDFTRVFSFnFKBFMQSFTUJHJPZEJGVTJØOEFDBEBSFWJTUB
RVFBEFNÈTWBSJBEFB×PFOB×P1PSFMMPUPEBTMBTSFWJTUBTTFQSFPDVQBOQPSBVNFOUBSTVDBQBDJEBEEF
EJGVTJØOZMBDBMJEBEEFMPTBSUÓDVMPTRVFQVCMJDBO"DUVBMNFOUFFM4$*FOHMPCBVOBTQVCMJDBDJPOFT
RVFDVCSFOEJTDJQMJOBTDJFOUÓmDBT
&TUBTSFWJTUBTDVFOUBODPOMBDPMBCPSBDJØOEFDJFOUÓmDPTRVFFWBMÞBOFMJOUFSÏTZSJHPSEFMPTUSBCBKPTSFDJ
CJEPTFTUPTMPTFEJUPSFTZSFWJTPSFTEFMBSFWJTUBRVJFOFTEFDJEFOTJVOUSBCBKPEFCFTFSQVCMJDBEPUBMDVBM
MPFOWÓBFMBVUPSQPSQSJNFSBWF[6OSFWJTPSQVFEFTFSDVBMRVJFSDJFOUÓmDPRVFUSBCBKFFOUFNBTZEJTDJQMJOBT
TJNJMBSFTBMBUBSFBQPSSFWJTBSZRVFHFOFSBMNFOUFIBTJEPJOWJUBEPQPSMBFEJUPSJBMEFMBSFWJTUB"MHVOBT
EFFTUBTSFWJTUBTDJFOUÓmDBTFOFMDBNQPEFMBTBMVESFQSPEVDUJWBTPO$POUSBDFQUJPO)VNBO3FQSPEVDUJPO
-BODFU'FSUJMJUZBOE4UFSJMJUZ0CUFUSJDTBOE(ZOFDPMPHZZPUSBTRVFTPOSFDPOPDJEBTQPSQSPGFTJPOBMFTZ
QFSTPOBTJOUFSFTBEBTRVFGSFDVFOUBOFTUBTGVFOUFTCJCMJPHSÈmDBT'JH
I U U Q X X X X I P J O U I J O B S J
)LJ%~VTXHGDHQELEOLRWHFDVLQWHUQDFLRQDOHV
%DITORIAL-AKING2ESEARCH-ATTER#ONTRACEPTION
,ALISTADEREVISTASINDEXADASYSUIMPACTOPUEDEVERSEENHTTPWWWISINETCOMPRODUCTSCITATIONSCI
OHTTPWWWSCIENCEGATEWAYORGIMPACT
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ -BFWBMVBDJØODSÓUJDBEFVOBSUÓDVMPDJFOUÓmDPSFRVJFSFEPTHSBOEFTBTQFDUPTMBWBMJEF[JOUFSOBEFMFTUVEJPZ
MPTSFTVMUBEPTPCTFSWBEPTUFOJFOEPFODVFOUBUBOUPTVNBHOJUVEDPNPTVHFOFSBMJEBEPTVBQMJDBCJMJEBEB
TJUVBDJPOFTDPODSFUBT-BWBMJEF[JOUFSOBFTFMHSBEPEFTPMJEF[PSJHPSEFVOFTUVEJPEFNPEPRVFFMEJTF×P
SFBMJ[BEPQFSNJUBFTUBSSB[POBCMFNFOUFDPOWFODJEPEFRVFTVTSFTVMUBEPTOPFTUÈOTFTHBEPTZRVFQSP
QPSDJPOBOVOBSFTQVFTUBDPSSFDUBBMBQSFHVOUBQMBOUFBEBFOTVPCKFUJWP1PSMPUBOUPMBEFmOJDJØODMBSBZ
QSFDJTBEFMPCKFUJWPEFMFTUVEJPMBFMFDDJØOEFMEJTF×PBEFDVBEPZTVSFBMJ[BDJØODPOFMSJHPSNFUPEPMØHJDP
OFDFTBSJPTPOMPTFMFNFOUPTDMBWFQBSBRVFMPTSFTVMUBEPTTFBOWÈMJEPT'JH
-BNFEJDJOBCBTBEBFOFWJEFODJB.#&
BTVNJEBQPSMBTCJCMJPUFDBTNÈTTFSJBTEFMNVOEPDPNPMB$PDISB
OF-JCSBSZZMB#JCMJPUFDBEF4BMVE3FQSPEVDUJWBEFMB0.4IBDBUFHPSJ[BEPQPSPSEFOEFJNQPSUBODJBMB
WBMJEF[EFMBJOWFTUJHBDJØODJFOUÓmDBDPOTJEFSBOEPRVFMBKFSBSRVÓBEFMBTGVFOUFTFTFOFMPSEFOTJHVJFOUF
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
Q
3FWJTJPOFTTJTUFNÈUJDBTEFFOTBZPTDMÓOJDPTFYQFSJNFOUBMFTBMFBUPSJPT
&OTBZPTDMÓOJDPTFYQFSJNFOUBMFTBMFBUPSJPT
3FWJTJPOFTTJTUFNÈUJDBTEFFTUVEJPTFQJEFNJPMØHJDPTEFDPIPSUF
&TUVEJPTFQJEFNJPMØHJDPTEFDPIPSUF
3FWJTJPOFTTJTUFNÈUJDBTEFFTUVEJPTFQJEFNJPMØHJDPTEFDBTPTZDPOUSPMFT
&TUVEJPTFQJEFNJPMØHJDPTEFDBTPTZDPOUSPMFT
4FSJFEFDBTPT
-PTMMBNBEPTFTUVEJPTEFSFWJTJØOOPTPODPOTJEFSBEPTEFWBMJEF[DPOUVOEFOUFQPSDVBOUPSFQSFTFOUBOUBO
TPMPMBPQJOJØOEFMBVUPSRVFIBDFMBSFWJTJØOTJOFMSJHPSEFVOBSFWJTJØOTJTUFNÈUJDB
3UHJXQWD
2EVHUYDFLyQ
,QYHVWLJDFLyQ
([SHULPHQWR
&RQMHWXUD
$QiOLVLVGHGDWRV
&RQFOXVLyQ
)LJ0pWRGRFLHQWtÀFR
4HE4HOMSON#ORPORATION*OURNALSELFCITATIONINTHE*OURNAL#ITATION2EPORTS®n3CIENCE%DITION
HTTPWWWMSDCOMPEMSDPEJSPHCPLIBRARYJOURNALSJSP
HTTPWWWWHOINTEN
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
4 0 #3& - " */ 7 &45 *("$*»/ $*&/ 5 ¶'*$"
3FWJTJØOTJTUFNÈUJDB
6OBSFWJTJØOTJTUFNÈUJDBFTVOBTÓOUFTJTEFMBCJCMJPHSBGÓBFORVFMBFWJEFODJBEJTQPOJCMFTPCSFVOUFNBIB
TJEPJEFOUJmDBEBDSÓUJDBNFOUFFWBMVBEBZTJOUFUJ[BEBEFBDVFSEPDPOVOPTDSJUFSJPTFTUSJDUPTQSFEFUFSNJOB
EPT-BTÓOUFTJTFTUBEÓTUJDBEFMPTSFTVMUBEPTTFEFOPNJOBNFUBBOÈMJTJT
&MQSJNFSDSJUFSJPQBSBWBMPSBSVOBSFWJTJØOTJTUFNÈUJDBFTTJBCPSEBVOBQSFHVOUBDMÓOJDBDPODSFUBFJNQPS
UBOUFRVFEFCFFTUBSEFmOJEBDPONVDIBDMBSJEBEQBSBQPEFSFWBMVBSTJMPTFTUVEJPTRVFTFIBOJODMVJEP
TPOMPTSFMFWBOUFT$VBOEPMBQSFHVOUBTFSFmFSFBMBFmDBDJBEFVOBJOUFSWFODJØOMØHJDBNFOUFMPTFTUVEJPT
JODMVJEPTFOMBSFWJTJØOEFCFODPSSFTQPOEFSBMPTEJTF×PTRVFQSPQPSDJPOBOMBNFKPSFWJEFODJBFTEFDJSMPT
FOTBZPTDMÓOJDPTBMFBUPSJPT&$"
-BWBMJEF[EFVOBSFWJTJØOEFQFOEFEFRVFIBZBTJEPFWBMVBEBUPEBMBFWJEFODJBEJTQPOJCMFZRVFOPTFIBZB
FYDMVJEPFTUVEJPTSFMFWBOUFT6OBCVFOBSFWJTJØOEFCFJOUFOUBSFWJUBSFMTFTHPEFQVCMJDBDJØODVZPFGFDUP
TVFMFTFSMBTPCSFTUJNBDJØOEFMFGFDUPEFVOBJOUFSWFODJØO1PSMPUBOUPFTJNQPSUBOUFRVFTFIBZBIFDIP
VOBCÞTRVFEBBDUJWBEFUPEPTMPTFTUVEJPTEFJOUFSÏTFOMBTCBTFTEFEBUPTBEFDVBEBTEFMBTDJUBTEFMPT
BSUÓDVMPTFODPOUSBEPTEFSFHJTUSPTEFFTUVEJPTFODVSTPPEFDPOUBDUPTQFSTPOBMFTDPOFYQFSUPTTJFT
OFDFTBSJP3FDJFOUFNFOUFFMHSVQP26030.IBFMBCPSBEPVOBQSPQVFTUBQBSBNFKPSBSMBQSFTFOUBDJØOEF
MPTEBUPTEFVOBSFWJTJØORVFJODMVZFVOEJBHSBNBEFnVKPRVFQFSNJUFFWBMVBSDØNPIBOTJEPTFMFDDJPOB
EPTMPTFTUVEJPT
&OTBZPTDMÓOJDPTBMFBUPSJPT&$"
-BGVFS[BEFMPT&$"SBEJDBFOFMDPOUSPMEFMGBDUPSEFFTUVEJPRVFSFBMJ[BOMPTJOWFTUJHBEPSFTEFDJEFORVÏ
JOUFSWFODJØODPORVÏQBVUBZEVSBOUFDVÈOUPUJFNQPSFDJCJSÈDBEBVOPEFMPTTVKFUPTEFMFTUVEJP
ZFOMB
BTJHOBDJØOBMFBUPSJBEFMPTTVKFUPTBMPTHSVQPTEFFTUVEJP&MFTUVEJPQVFEFDPOTJEFSBSTFWÈMJEPTJQFSNJUF
BTFHVSBSRVFFMFGFDUPPCTFSWBEPFTEFCJEPBMBEJGFSFOUFJOUFSWFODJØORVFIBOSFDJCJEPMPTHSVQPTZOPB
PUSPTGBDUPSFTRVFQVFEBOIBCFSDPOEVDJEPBVOBGBMTBDPODMVTJØO
#ENTREFOR2EVIEWSAND$ISSEMINATION5NDERTAKING3YSTEMATIC2EVIEWSOF2ESEARCHON%FFECTIVENESS#2$2EPORT.UMBERNDED-ARZO
1UALITYOF2EPORTINGOF-ETAANALYSES,ANCET
4HE0RACTICE#OMMITTEEOFTHE!MERICAN3OCIETYFOR2EPRODUCTIVE-EDICINE)NTERPRETATIONOFCLINICALTRIALRESULTS&ERTILITYAND3TERILITY
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ &TUVEJPTEFDPIPSUF
4POUBNCJÏOMMBNBEPTEFTFHVJNJFOUPPEFJODJEFODJBRVFTFJOJDJBODPOVOHSVQPEFQFSTPOBTPTVKFUPT
EFJOWFTUJHBDJØOVOBDPIPSUF
RVFFTUÈOJOJDJBMNFOUFTBOBTZRVFTFDMBTJmDBOFOTVCHSVQPTTFHÞOMBFY
QPTJDJØOBVOBDBVTBQPUFODJBMEFMFWFOUP&TUPTFTUVEJPTQSPQPSDJPOBONFKPSJOGPSNBDJØOQBSBFTUVEJBSMB
DBVTBEFMFWFOUPZNFEJSEJSFDUBNFOUFFMSJFTHPEFEFTBSSPMMPEFMNJTNP4JOFNCBSHPFOMBQSÈDUJDBMB
FKFDVDJØOEFFTUFEJTF×PFTQPDPGSFDVFOUFQPSMBTEJmDVMUBEFTEFSFDMVUBNJFOUPDPTUPTEFNBOUFOJNJFOUP
EFJOWFTUJHBDJØODPOUJOVJEBEEFMPTPMBTWPMVOUBSJBTZMBMBSHBEVSBDJØOEFMTFHVJNJFOUP
*OWFTUJHBDJPOFTRVFFWBMÞBOFGFDUPTQFSKVEJDJBMFT
EFVOBFYQPTJDJØO
$VBOEPFMPCKFUJWPEFMFTUVEJPFTJOWFTUJHBSQPTJCMFTFGFDUPTQFSKVEJDJBMFTEFVOUSBUBNJFOUPPMPTSJFTHPT
EFEFUFSNJOBEBTFYQPTJDJPOFTMBQSFTVOUBSFMBDJØODBVTBFGFDUPRVFTFFWBMÞBQVFEFIBCFSTFBCPSEBEP
DPOEJGFSFOUFTUJQPTEFFTUVEJP
4JTFIBOEFUFDUBEPEJGFSFODJBTFOWBSJBCMFTSFMBDJPOBEBTDPOFMQSPOØTUJDPPMBQSPCBCJMJEBEEFQSFTFOUBSFM
FGFDUPBEWFSTPEFJOUFSÏTEFCFIBCFSTFSFBMJ[BEPVOBOÈMJTJTFTUBEÓTUJDPBEFDVBEPEFMPTEBUPTBKVTUBOEP
MBFTUJNBDJØOEFMSJFTHPNFEJBOUFVOBOÈMJTJTFTUSBUJmDBEPPNVMUJWBSJBEPQBSBFWJUBSRVFTFQSPEV[DBVO
GFOØNFOPEFDPOGVTJØOEFCJEPBMBJOnVFODJBEFEJDIBTWBSJBCMFT4JOFNCBSHPOPEFCFPMWJEBSTFRVFBVO
RVFTFIBZBBKVTUBEPFMBOÈMJTJTQPSEFUFSNJOBEBTWBSJBCMFTQVFEFFYJTUJSVOGFOØNFOPEFDPOGVTJØOEFCJEP
BBMHÞOGBDUPSEFTDPOPDJEPPRVFOPIBZBTJEPNFEJEPPDPOUSPMBEPFOFMFTUVEJPQPSMPRVFTJFNQSFIBZ
RVFTFSQSVEFOUFBMJOUFSQSFUBSMPTSFTVMUBEPTEFFTUFUJQPEFEJTF×PT
$VBOEPFMFGFDUPQFSKVEJDJBMFTNVZSBSPPEFNPSBNVDIPUJFNQPFOQSPEVDJSTFMPTJOWFTUJHBEPSFTQVFEFO
SFDVSSJSBMEJTF×PEFDBTPTZDPOUSPMFT&TUFUJQPEFFTUVEJPBMJOWFTUJHBSFYQPTJDJPOFTQSFWJBTBQBSUJSEF
MBJEFOUJmDBDJØOEFTVKFUPTDPOZTJOFMFGFDUPEFJOUFSÏTFTNÈTTFOTJCMFBMBJOUSPEVDDJØOEFTFTHPTZBMB
QSFTFODJBEFGBDUPSFTEFDPOGVTJØOQPSMPRVFTVTSFTVMUBEPTEFCFOTFSJOUFSQSFUBEPTUPEBWÓBDPONBZPS
DBVUFMBRVFMPTEFMPTFTUVEJPTEFDPIPSUFT
4FSJFEFDBTPT
"WFDFTQVFEFOFYJTUJSBSUÓDVMPTRVFQSFTFOUFODBTPTBJTMBEPTPTFSJFEFDBTPTRVFJOGPSNFOEFFGFDUPT
QFSKVEJDJBMFTJNQPSUBOUFT-BFWJEFODJBQSPQPSDJPOBEBQPSFTUPTFTUVEJPTEFTDSJQUJWPTFTNVZEÏCJMZBRVF
OPFYJTUFHSVQPEFDPNQBSBDJØO
&TUVEJPTEFFTUJNBDJPOFTFTUBEÓTUJDBT
-PTNÏUPEPTFTUBEÓTUJDPTQFSNJUFOFTUJNBSMBQSPCBCJMJEBEEFRVFMBTEJGFSFODJBTPCTFSWBEBTFOUSFHSVQPT
TFEFCBOBMB[BS&OFMBOÈMJTJTFTUBEÓTUJDPOVODBTFEFNVFTUSBTJVOBIJQØUFTJTFTWFSEBEFSBPGBMTBTPMP
TFBDFQUBPSFDIB[BMBIJQØUFTJTCBTÈOEPTFFOMBTQSVFCBTFTUBEÓTUJDBT
HTTPSERVERSMEDLIBHSCBKLYNEDUEBMHTM
$BVTBZFGFDUP
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
4 0 #3& - " */ 7 &45 *("$*»/
*("$* » / $*&/ 5 ¶'*$"
¶ '*$"
&OFMDBNQPEFMBTDJFODJBTEFMBTBMVEFMDPOPDJNJFOUPEFMBTDBVTBTEFVOFWFOUPOPTPMPFTJNQPSUBOUF
QBSBTVQSFWFODJØOTJOPUBNCJÏOQBSBFMEJBHOØTUJDPZMBBQMJDBDJØOEFMUSBUBNJFOUPBEFDVBEP&MDPODFQUP
EFDBVTBMJEBEJNQMJDBRVFMBDBVTBEFCFQSFDFEFSBMFWFOUPZRVFFYJTUBVOBFYQMJDBDJØOCJPMØHJDBNFOUF
QMBVTJCMFEFMBSFMBDJØOPCTFSWBEBDPNQBUJCMFDPOMPTDPOPDJNJFOUPTFYJTUFOUFTTPCSFMBBDUJWJEBEZMPT
FGFDUPTCJPMØHJDPTEFMGBDUPSEFFYQPTJDJØO-BFWJEFODJBBGBWPSEFVOBSFMBDJØODBVTBFGFDUPBVNFOUBTJ
QVFEFEFNPTUSBSTFVOBHSBEJFOUFEPTJTSFTQVFTUBFTEFDJSBNBZPSJOUFOTJEBEPEVSBDJØOEFMBFYQPTJDJØO
TFQSPEVDFVOJODSFNFOUPEFMFGFDUP-BFWJEFODJBUBNCJÏOBVNFOUBTJFYJTUFEPDVNFOUBDJØOTFHÞOMBDVBM
FMFGFDUPEFTBQBSFDFPEJTNJOVZFTJTFSFUJSBMBFYQPTJDJØOZSFBQBSFDFPSFDSVEFDFDVBOEPTFSFJOTUBVSB
$VBOEPTFEJTQPOFEFEJGFSFOUFTFTUVEJPTMBJEFBEFDBVTBMJEBEUBNCJÏOTFSFGVFS[BTJMPTSFTVMUBEPTTPO
DPIFSFOUFTFOUSFFMMPTBQFTBSEFIBCFSTFSFBMJ[BEPFOMVHBSFTZDPOQPCMBDJPOFTEJGFSFOUFT&TUFÞMUJNP
DSJUFSJPFTFTQFDJBMNFOUFJNQPSUBOUFFOMBTSFWJTJPOFTTJTUFNÈUJDBT
632*_81)3$
632*
_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ "DUVBMNFOUFMBTQSPGFTJPOFTRVFUSBUBOBTQFDUPTEFMBTBMVE
EFM TFS IVNBOP JOUFHSBO MB FYQFSJFODJB DMÓOJDB DPNP MB
NFKPS FWJEFODJB QSPWFOJFOUF EF MB JOWFTUJHBDJØO DJFOUÓmDB
EFTQVÏTEFIBCFSSFBMJ[BEPVOBSFWJTJØODSÓUJDBZFYIBVTUJWB
EFMBNJTNB&TUPFTDPOPDJEPDPNPMBNFEJDJOBCBTBEBFO
FWJEFODJB
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
3& 4 Á .& / %&" 35 ¶$6-04$*&/ 5 ¶'*$04
&DStWXOR,,,
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ &DStWXOR,,,
5HVXPHQ
GHDUWtFXORVFLHQWtÀFRV
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
3& 4 Á .& / %&" 35 ¶$6-04$*&/ 5 ¶'*$04
&OFTUFDBQÓUVMPTFQSFTFOUBVOBTJTUFNBUJ[BDJØOEFBMHVOBTEFMBTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFT
TPCSF MB BOUJDPODFQDJØO PSBM EF FNFSHFODJB RVF IBO TJEP QVCMJDBEBT FO SFWJTUBT
DJFOUÓmDBTDVZBSJHVSPTJEBEFTCBTUBOUFBMUBZBRVFNVDIBTEFFMMBTTFUSBUBOEF
EJTF×PTFYQFSJNFOUBMFTEFFOTBZPTDMÓOJDPTZEFNPEFMPTEFBOJNBMFTRVFFWBMÞBO
QBSÈNFUSPTNPSGPMØHJDPTIPSNPOBMFTZBOJWFMNPMFDVMBS'JH
/P TF JOUFOUB IBDFS VOB SFWJTJØO TJTUFNÈUJDB QSPQJBNFOUF EJDIB TJO FNCBSHP TF IBO UPNBEP DJFSUBT
IFSSBNJFOUBT EF MB NJTNB DPNP MB TFMFDDJØO EF BSUÓDVMPT TPMP EF SFWJTUBT JOEFYBEBT FTQFDJmDBDJØO F
JEFOUJmDBDJØOEFMPTPCKFUJWPTGPSNVMBDJØOEFQMBOEFCÞTRVFEBBUSBWÏTEFQBMBCSBTDMBWFTFOUSFPUSPT
-PTPCKFUJWPTEFFTUBTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTIBOTJEPFTUJNBSMBFmDBDJBEFWBSJPTSFHÓNFOFTEFBOUJDPODFQDJØO
EFFNFSHFODJBEFUFSNJOBSMPTNFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØOZDPNQSPCBSMBFYJTUFODJBEFMIJQPUÏUJDPFGFDUPBO
UJJNQMBOUBDJØO
)LJ
5HYLVWDVFLHQWtÀFDV
&TOFDFTBSJPSFDPSEBSRVFBMHVOBTJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTDJFOUÓmDBTEFUJQPFYQFSJNFOUBMOPQVFEFOTFSSFBMJ[BEBT
FOIVNBOPTQPSMJNJUBDJPOFTMPHÓTUJDBTZÏUJDBTQPSFMMPTFSFDVSSFBQBDJFOUFTWPMVOUBSJBTZPFWJEFODJBT
JOEJSFDUBTBUSBWÏTEFBOJNBMFTEFMBCPSBUPSJPQBSBMBDPNQSPCBDJØOEFMBIJQØUFTJT
4FIBJODMVJEPBMHVOPTBSUÓDVMPTTFHÞOUFNBTSFMFWBOUFTZOPOFDFTBSJBNFOUFTPOUPEPTMPTQVCMJDBEPT
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ 'BSNBDPDJOÏUJDPT
-PTFOTBZPTPFTUVEJPTGBSNBDPDJOÏUJDPTFWBMÞBOFMQSPDFTPBUSBWÏTEFMDVBMVOBESPHBFTBCTPSCJEBEJT
USJCVJEBNFUBCPMJ[BEBZFMJNJOBEBEFMDVFSQP-FWPOPSHFTUSFMFTMBQSPHFTUFSPOBTJOUÏUJDBRVFTFTJOUFUJ[B
BQBSUJSEFMBUFTUPTUFSPOBOBUVSBM&TUBNPMÏDVMBFTNVZQBSFDJEBBMBQSPHFTUFSPOBOBUVSBMUBOUPFOTV
FTUSVDUVSBDPNPFOTVGVODJØOCJPMØHJDB'JH
*
>À>ViÌVÊÃÌÕ`ÞÊvÊ`vviÀiÌÊ`Ã}ÊÀi}iÃÊvÊ
iÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊvÀÊiiÀ}iVÞÊVÌÀ>Vi«ÌÊÊ
i>Ì
ÞÊÜiÊ
*OHANSSON%"RACHE6!LVAREZ&&AUNDES!#OCHON,2ANTA3,OVERN-+UMAR.
(UMAN2EPRODUCTION
$ISE×O
Q %STUDIOFARMACOCIN£TICOENMUJERES
Q .MUJERESCUCONTRIBUYCONCICLOS
Q ,OSCICLOSDETRATAMIENTOFUERONADOSDOSISDEMGDE,.'CONUN
INTERVALODEHORASBDOSDOSISDEMGDE,.'CONUNINTERVALODE
HORASCMGDE,.'ENUNASOLADOSIS
/BJETIVOS
Q #OMPARARELCOMPORTAMIENTOFARMACOCIN£TICODELOSTRESREG¤MENESENSANGRE
)NDICADORES
Q .IVELESDECONCENTRACINMÕXIMADE,.'ENSUERO
Q 4IEMPODECONCENTRACINMÕXIMA
#ONCLUSIONES
Q 3EENCONTRQUELAFARMACOCIN£TICADELR£GIMENESTÕNDARCON,.'COMO !/%MGXYLADOSIS¢NICADEMGDE,.'SONSIMILARESPORLO
QUESESUGIEREHACERUNENSAYOCL¤NICOCOMPARANDOAMBOSTRATAMIENTOS
%STUDIOFARMACOCIN£TICODEDIFERENTESREG¤MENESENDOSISDELEVONORGESTRELUSADO
COMOANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIAENMUJERESSANAS
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
3& 4 Á .& / %&" 35 ¶$6-04$*&/ 5 ¶'*$04
)LJ
0ROpFXODVGHSURJHVWHURQD
QDWXUDO\OHYRQRUJHVWUHO
>Û>>LÌÞÊvÊÌ
iÊ9Õâ«iÊ>`ÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊÀi}iÃÊ
vÊiiÀ}iVÞÊVÌÀ>Vi«Ì\ÊÛ>}>ÊÛðÊÀ>Ê>`ÃÌÀ>ÌÊ
+IVES3(AHN0-7HITE%3TANCZYK&:2EID2,
#ONTRACEPTION-AR
$ISE×O
Q
Q
Q
%STUDIOFARMACOCIN£TICOENMUJERES
.MUJERESCUCONTRIBUYCONTRATAMIENTOSSEPARADOSPORUNASEMANA
,OSCICLOSDETRATAMIENTOFUERONADOSISDOBLEDELR£GIMEN9UZPEV¤AVAGINAL
BDOSISDOBLEDELR£GIMENDESOLOLEVONORGESTRELV¤AVAGINALADOSIS9UZPE
ESTÕNDARV¤AORALBDOSISESTÕNDARDESOLOLEVONORGESTREL
/BJETIVOS
Q #OMPARARLAFARMACOCIN£TICADELR£GIMEN9UZPEYDELR£GIMENDESOLOLEVONORGESTREL
ADMINISTRADOV¤AORALVERSUSV¤AVAGINAL
)NDICADORES
Q #ONCENTRACINHORMONALENSANGREENUNPERIODODEHORAS
#ONCLUSIONES
Q 3EENCONTRQUELAFARMACOCIN£TICADELAADMINISTRACINPORV¤AORALESMAYOR
PORLOQUESESUGIEREQUESICUALQUIERADELOSDOSREG¤MENESESADMINISTRADOV¤A
VAGINALHACERLOCONDOSISESTÕNDARPORTRIPLICADO
"IODISPONIBILIDADDELOSREG¤MENESDE9UZPEYDESOLOLEVONORGESTRELCOMO
ANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIAADMINISTRACINORALVERSUSVAGINAL
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ /
iʫ
>À>ViÌVÃÊvÊÇxäÊV}ÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊ
vÜ}Ê>`ÃÌÀ>ÌÊvÊiÊÃ}iÊ`ÃiÊÀÊÌÜÊ`ÃiÃÊ
>ÌÊ£ÓÊÀÊÓ{
ÊÌiÀÛ>
$OMINIQUE4REMBLAY%RIN'AINER!NDRE5LMANN
#ONTRACEPTIONn
$ISE×O
Q
Q
Q
%STUDIOCL¤NICOALEATORIZADODEDOBLECIEGO
.MUJERESCUCONTRIBUYCONCICLOS
,OSCICLOSDETRATAMIENTOFUERONADOSISESTÕNDARDEMG,.'PORDOS
CONINTERVALODEHBDOSISESTÕNDARMGDE,.'CONUNINTERVALODEH
CMGDE,.'
/BJETIVOS
Q #OMPARARELCOMPORTAMIENTOFARMACOCIN£TICODELOSTRESREG¤MENESENSANGRE
)NDICADORES
Q #ONCENTRACINDELEVONORGESTRELENSUERO
#ONCLUSIONES
Q ,AFARMACOCIN£TICADELEVONORGESTRELFUERONSIMILARESENLOSTRESREG¤MENES
DEMUESTRAQUESEMANTIENESUlCIENTECONCENTRACINDE,.'ALASOH
DESPU£SDELAPRIMERADOSIS
&ARMACOCIN£TICADEMCGDELEVONORGESTRELDESPU£SDELAADMINISTRACINDEUNA
DOSIS¢NICAODEDOSDOSISCONUNINTERVALODEOHORAS
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
3& 4 Á .& / %&" 35 ¶$6-04$*&/ 5 ¶'*$04
«>À>ÌÛiÊVÀÃÃÛiÀÊ«
>À>ViÌVÊÃÌÕ`ÞÊ
ÊÌÜÊÌÞ«iÃÊvÊ«ÃÌVÌ>ÊVÌÀ>Vi«ÌÛiÊÌ>LiÌÃÊ
VÌ>}ÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀi
#HANGHAIH9ONGEN3$INGLING,9UEHUA:*IANQIU86INCE0-
&OTHERBY+6AN,OOK0&!
#ONTRACEPTION-AY6OL.O
$ISE×O
Q
Q
Q
%STUDIOFARMACOCIN£TICOENMUJERES
.MUJERESTRATAMIENTOSCONPRODUCTOH¢NGAROYOTROCONPRODUCTOCHINO
,OSCICLOSDETRATAMIENTOFUERON$OSISESTÕNDARDESOLOLEVONORGESTRELCHINO
DOSISESTÕNDARDESOLOLEVONORGESTRELH¢NGARO
/BJETIVOS
Q #OMPARARLAFARMACOCIN£TICADELLEVONORGESTRELMGDEDOSPROCEDENCIAS
DIFERENTESH¢NGAROYCHINO
)NDICADORES
Q #ONCENTRACINDELEVONORGESTRELMGENSANGREENUNPER¤ODODEHORAS
Q #ONCENTRACINDE3("'INMUNOGLOBULINALIGADORADEHORMONASSEXUALES
#ONCLUSIONES
Q .OSEENCONTRARONDIFERENCIASSIGNIlCATIVASSINEMBARGOLACONCENTRACIN
MÕXIMAYELTIEMPODECONCENTRACINMÕXIMAFUEMAYORPARAELPRODUCTOH¢NGARO
%STUDIOCOMPARATIVOCRUZADODEDOSTABLETASDEANTICONCEPCINPOSTCOITALQUE
CONTIENENLEVONORGESTREL
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ &GFDUJWJEBEZFGFDUPTTFDVOEBSJPT
-PTFTUVEJPTRVFFWBMÞBOMBFGFDUJWJEBEZMPTFGFDUPTTFDVOEBSJPTEFVOBESPHBFOIVNBOPTTPOMMBNBEPT
FOTBZPTDMÓOJDPTEFGBTF***FTUPTJOWPMVDSBOVOOÞNFSPHSBOEFEFWPMVOUBSJPTRVFQBSUJDJQBOFOVOFTUVEJP
NVMUJDÏOUSJDPBEFDVBEBNFOUFDPOUSPMBEP&OFTUFDBTPMBESPHBBFWBMVBSFTMFWPOPSHFTUSFMFOEPTJTEF
NH'JHB
QPSEPTEPTJTPVOBTPMBEFNH'JHC
,>`âi`ÊVÌÀi`ÊÌÀ>ÊvÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊ
ÛiÀÃÕÃÊÌ
iÊ9Õâ«iÊÀi}iÊvÊVLi`ÊÀ>ÊVÌÀ>Vi«ÌÛiÃÊ
vÀÊiiÀ}iVÞÊVÌÀ>Vi«Ì
4ASK&ORCEON0OSTOVULATORY-ETHODSOF&ERTILITY2EGULATION
4HE,ANCET6OL.O
$ISE×O
Q %NSAYOMULTIC£NTRICOALEATORIZADODEDOBLECIEGO
Q .MUJERES
/BJETIVOS
Q
Q
#OMPARARElCACIAYEFECTOSSECUNDARIOSDELR£GIMEN9UZPEOCOMBINADOCONEL
R£GIMENDESOLOPROGESTÕGENOOLEVONORGESTRELMGPORDOSDOSIS
(ALLARSIEXISTEUNARELACINENTREELMOMENTODEINICIODETRATAMIENTOCONLA
ElCACIADELMISMO
)NDICADORES
Q 4ASADEEMBARAZO
Q 9UZPE
Q ,.'
Q 0ROPORCINDEEMBARAZOSPREVENIDOS
Q 9UZPE
Q ,.'
Q %FECTOSSECUNDARIOS
Q 9UZPENÕUSEAVMITOSMAREOSCEFALEAS
Q ,.'NÕUSEAVMITOSMAREOSCEFALEAS
#ONCLUSIONES
Q
Q
%LR£GIMENCONLEVONORGESTRELESMEJORTOLERADOQUEELR£GIMENCOMBINADOO
9UZPEYLAElCACIADE,.'TAMBI£NFUEMAYOR
0ARAAMBOSM£TODOSSEOBSERVQUELAElCACIAESINVERSAMENTEPROPORCIONALAL
TIEMPODEINICIODETRATAMIENTOESDECIRQUEENCUANTOANTESSEINICIEEL
TRATAMIENTODESPU£SDEUNARELACINSEXUALSINPROTECCINMAYORSERÕSUElCACIA
%NSAYOALEATORIZADOCONTROLADODELEVONORGESTRELVERSUSELR£GIMEN9UZPEORALES
COMBINADOSUSADOSCOMOANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIA
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
3& 4 Á .& / %&" 35 ¶$6-04$*&/ 5 ¶'*$04
)LJD
PJGH/1*
SRUGRVGRVLV
)LJE
PJGH/1*
ÜÊ`ÃiÊvi«ÀÃÌiÊ>`ÊÌÜÊÀi}iÃÊ
vÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊvÀÊiiÀ}iVÞÊVÌÀ>Vi«Ì\Ê
>Ê7"ÊÕÌViÌÀiÊÀ>`âi`ÊÌÀ>
6ON(ERTZEN(YCOL
4HE,ANCET6OL$EC
$ISE×O
Q %NSAYOCL¤NICOMULTIC£NTRICOALEATORIZADODEDOBLECIEGO
Q .MUJERES
/BJETIVOS
Q #OMPARARElCACIAYEFECTOSSECUNDARIOSDETRESREG¤MENESDE!/%ADOSIS
ESTÕNDARDE!/%CON,.'MGXBUNASOLADOSISDEMG,.'C
MGDEMIFEPRISTONE
)NDICADORES
Q 4ASADEEMBARAZO
Q )NCIDENCIADEEFECTOSSECUNDARIOS
Q -OMENTODELASIGUIENTEMENSTRUACIN
#ONCLUSIONES
Q ,OSTRESREG¤MENESESTUDIADOSFUERONBASTANTEElCACESENPREVENIRUNENEBRAZO
NOPLANIlCADOSIESDADODENTRODELOSD¤ASDESPU£SDEUNARELACINSEXUAL
Q ,ADOSIS¢NICADEMG,.'PUEDEREEMPLAZARLADEDOSDOSISDEMG,.'
"AJADOSISDEMIFEPRISTONEYDOSREG¤MENESDELEVONORGESTRELUSADOSCOMO
ANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIAUNENSAYOALEATORIZADOMULTIC£NTRICODELA/-3
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ &GFDUJWJEBEZFGFDUPTTFDVOEBSJPTFOVTPSFQFUJEP
&MVTPSFQFUJEPFTVOBEFMBTEJTUPSTJPOFTNÈTGSFDVFOUFTEFTVTJOEJDBDJPOFTQBSBDBTPTEFTPMPFNFSHFO
DJBZRVFHFOFSBMNFOUFFTUÈBDPNQB×BEBQPSVOBBVTFODJBEFJOGPSNBDJØOBEFDVBEBBMBTVTVBSJBT
vwV>VÞÊ>`ÊÃ`iÊivviVÌÃÊvÊi`>ÌiÊ«ÃÌVÌ>Ê
iÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊÕÃi`ÊÀi«i>Ìi`ÞÊvÀÊVÌÀ>Vi«Ì
5.$/5.&0!7(/7ORLD"ANK3PECIAL0ROGRAMMEOF2ESEARCH$EVELOPMENT
AND2ESEARCH4RAININGIN(UMAN2EPRODUCTION(204ASK&ORCEON0OSTOVULATORY
METHODSFORFERTILITYREGULATION
#ONTRACEPTION
$ISE×O
Q %STUDIOOBSERVACIONAL
Q MUJERESPORMESESCONSECUTIVOS
/BJETIVOS
Q %VALUARLAElCACIAEINCIDENCIADEEFECTOSSECUNDARIOSSIGUIENDOPORSEIS
MESESCONSECUTIVOSAMUJERESQUEUSABANANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIADE
,.'REPETIDAMENTECOMO¢NICOM£TODOANTICONCEPTIVO
)NDICADORES
Q .¢MERODEEMBARAZOS
Q %FECTOSSECUNDARIOSYMALESTARESMENSTRUALES
#ONCLUSIONES
Q
Q
%L¤NDICEDE0ERALPARA,.'COMO!/%ESDEEMBARAZOSPORMUJERES
ENUNA¶ODEUSOSINEMBARGOLAMUESTRAPODR¤ASESGARESTERESULTADOYAQUE
SEESCOGIUNAPOBLACINDEMUJERESCONBAJAFRECUENCIADERELACIONESSEXUALES
.OSEENCONTRARONEFECTOSSECUNDARIOSSERIOS,AMAYORQUEJAESTUVO
RELACIONADACOMOLOSDISTURBIOSENLAMENSTRUACIN
%lCACIAYEFECTOSSECUNDARIOSDELUSOREPETIDODELEVONORGESTRELCOMOANTICONCEPCIN
POSTCOITALINMEDIATA
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
3& 4 Á .& / %&" 35 ¶$6-04$*&/ 5 ¶'*$04
&YUFOTJØOEFMSÏHJNFO:V[QFBIPSBT
-B0SHBOJ[BDJØO.VOEJBMEFMB4BMVEFYUFOEJØTVSFDPNFOEBDJØOFOFMVTPEFBOUJDPODFQDJØOEFFNFSHFODJB
TJOFNCBSHPFTOFDFTBSJPSFTBMUBSRVFEFTQVÏTEFMUFSDFSEÓBQPTUFSJPSBMDPJUPMBFGFD
IBTUB
UJWJEBEBOUJDPODFQUJWBFTUÈQPSEFCBKPEFM
EÓBT
vviVÌÛiiÃÃÊvÊiiÀ}iVÞÊVÌÀ>Vi«ÌÛiÊ«ÃÊLiÌÜiiÊÊ
ÇÓÊ>`Ê£ÓäÊ
ÕÀÃÊ>vÌiÀÊÕ«ÀÌiVÌi`ÊÃiÝÕ>ÊÌiÀVÕÀÃi
2ODRIGUES)'ROU&*OLY*
!M*/BSTET'YBECOL-ARCH
$ISE×O
Q %STUDIOOBSERVACIONALCOMPARATIVO
Q .MUJERES
/BJETIVOS
Q %VALUARLAEFECTIVIDADDELR£GIMEN9UZPEADMINISTRADOENTRELASYHORAS
DESPU£SDELARELACINSEXUAL
)NDICADORES
Q 4ASADEEMBARAZO
#ONCLUSIONES
Q
Q
,ATASADEEMBARAZOFUELIGERAMENTEMAYORPARAELGRUPOQUEINICIEL TRATAMIENTOENTRELASYHORASDESPU£SDELARELACINSEXUAL
3ILAMUJERREQUIRIESEANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIAENESTOSENTRELOS
YHORASDEBEADMIN¤STRASELESINEMBARGOESPREFERIBLEELUSODEL$)5ENLOS
PA¤SESDONDEESTEESUTILIZADOCOMOANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIA
%FECTIVIDADDEP¤LDORASANTICONCEPTIVASDEEMERGENCIAENTRELASYHORAS
DESPU£SDEUNARELACINSEXUALNOPROTEGIDA
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ &NCBSB[PTFDUØQJDPTZFGFDUPTUFSBUPHÏOJDPT
&MFNCBSB[PFDUØQJDP'JH
FTBRVFMDVZBJNQMBOUBDJØOPDVSSFGVFSBEFMÞUFSPHFOFSBMNFOUFFOMBT
USPNQBTEF'BMPQJPFTUBFTVOBDPOEJDJØOQFMJHSPTBQBSBMBNVKFS&MFGFDUPUFSBUPHÏOJDPEFVOBHFOUFFT
FMRVFDBVTBVOEFGFDUPGÓTJDPFOFMFNCSJØOFOEFTBSSPMMP&TUPTFTUVEJPTCVTDBOFWBMVBSMBFYJTUFODJBEF
VOBBTPDJBDJØOEFDBVTBZFGFDUPFOUSFFMVTPEFMFWPOPSHFTUSFMDPNPBOUJDPODFQDJØOPSBMEFFNFSHFODJBZ
MBQSFTFODJBEFVOPEFFTUPTEPTFWFOUPT
VÌ«VÊ«Ài}>ViÃÊvÜ}Ê
iiÀ}iVÞÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊVÌÀ>Vi«Ì
3HEFFER-INMOUNI'0AUZNER$-ASLOVITCH3,ESSING*'AMZU2
#ONTRACEPTION
$ISE×O
Q 2EPORTEDECASOS
Q .CASOS
/BJETIVOS
Q /BSERVARYDESCRIBIRCASOSDEEMBARAZOSECTPICOSENMUJERESQUEHANTOMADO
ANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIA
)NDICADORES
Q %MBARAZOECTPICOYUSODELEVONORGESTRELCOMO!/%
#ONCLUSIONES
Q .OSEPUEDEDETERMINARQUEELUSODE!/%AUMENTAELRIESGODEEMBARAZO
ECTPICO)NCIDENCIABAJA
Q ,AHIPTESISSERECOGEPORUNPOSIBLEMECANISMOSOBRELAFUNCINTUBALDELOS
!#DERUTINA
Q ,OSAUTORESRECOMIENDANADVERTIRDEMANERAPREVENTIVAALASUSUARIAS
%MBARAZOSECTPICOSDESPU£SDELAANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIACONLEVONORGESTREL
)LJ(PEDUD]RHFWySLFR
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
3& 4 Á .& / %&" 35 ¶$6-04$*&/ 5 ¶'*$04
>ÕÀiÊvÊÌ
iÊiiÀ}iVÞÊVÌÀ>Vi«ÌÛiÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊ
>`ÊÌ
iÊÀÃÊvÊ>`ÛiÀÃiÊivviVÌÃÊÊ«Ài}>VÞÊ>`ÊÊviÌ>Ê
`iÛi«iÌ\Ê>ÊLÃiÀÛ>Ì>ÊV
ÀÌÊÃÌÕ`Þ
3ANTIS-#AVALIERE!&3TRAFACE'#ARDUCCI"#ARUSO!
&ERTILITYAND3TERILITY
$ISE×O
Q /BSERVACIONALRETROSPECTIVODECOHORTE
Q .MUJERES
/BJETIVOS
Q $ETERMINARELRESULTADODEEMBARAZOSYNACIMIENTOSDESPU£SDELAFALLADE
LEVONORGESTRELUSADOCOMOANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIA
)NDICADORES
Q 4ASADEANOMAL¤ASCONG£NITASCOMPLICACIONESPREPARTOYPERIPARTOY
EMBARAZOS
#ONCLUSIONES
Q
,AFALLADELEVONORGESTRELCOMOANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIANOESTAR¤A
ASOCIADOAUNINCREMENTOENELRIESGODEMALFORMACIONESCONG£NITASNI COMPLICACIONESPREPARTONIPERIPARTOAS¤COMOTAMPOCOESTAR¤AASOCIADOA
RESULTADOSADVERSOSENELEMBARAZO
&ALLADELAANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIACONLEVONORGESTRELYELRIESGODEEFECTOS
ADVERSOSENEMBARAZOYENELDESARROLLODELFETOUNESTUDIODECOHORTEOBSERVACIONAL
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ &GFDUPEF"0&FOTBOHSBEPNFOTUSVBM
6OBNBOFSBEFDPOmSNBSTJMBBOUJDPODFQDJØOEFFNFSHFODJBIBCSÓBFWJUBEPMBPWVMBDJØOFTMBQSFTFODJB
EFMFWFTBOHSBEPPMBMMFHBEBEFMBNFOTUSVBDJØOFOMBGFDIBJOEJDBEBDVBOEPFTUPOPPDVSSFMBTVTVBSJBT
TFTJFOUFOBOHVTUJBEBTQVEJFOEPFTUFFTUBEPEFFTUSÏTDPOUSJCVJSBMSFUSBTPEFMBGFDIBEFNFOTUSVBDJØO
'JH
vviVÌÊvÊ
À>ÊiiÀ}iVÞÊVÌÀ>Vi«ÌÊ
ÊLii`}Ê«>ÌÌiÀÃ
7EBB!3HOCHET4"IGRIGG!,OFTUS'RNABERG"4YRER!'ALLAGHER*(ESKETH#
#ONTRACEPTION
$ISE×O
Q 2EVISINDEART¤CULOS
Q .ART¤CULOSCONMUJERES
/BJETIVOS
Q %VALUARSIEXISTEUNACORRELACINENTREELFACTORDESANGRADOYELTRATAMIENTODE!/%
)NDICADORES
Q 0RESENCIAYCARACTER¤STICASDESANGRADOMENSTRUAL
#ONCLUSIONES
Q ,AMAYOR¤ADEMUJERESMENSTR¢AANTESOATIEMPO
Q ,ASQUEPRESENTABANSPOTTINGGENERALMENTETEN¤ANRETRASOMENSTRUAL
%FECTODELAANTICONCEPCINDEHORMONALDEEMERGENCIASOBRELOSPATRONESDE
SANGRADO
)LJ0HQVWUXDFLyQ
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
3& 4 Á .& / %&" 35 ¶$6-04$*&/ 5 ¶'*$04
.FDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØOEFMFWPOPSHFTUSFM-/(
%FTEF FM B×P MPT NFDBOJTNPT EF BDDJØO EF MFWPOPSHFTUSFM IBO TJEP FTUVEJBEPT EF NBOFSB NÈT
SJHVSPTBQSJODJQBMNFOUFDPOJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTDMÓOJDBTZDPONPEFMPTEFBOJNBMFTFTUPTIBOFWBMVBEPQBSÈ
NFUSPTNPSGPMØHJDPTCJPRVÓNJDPTZNPMFDVMBSFT%FFTUBNBOFSBTFEFTDBSUBMPTNFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØO
IJQPUÏUJDPTRVFTFIBCÓBOCBTBEPFOFMVTPEFQSPHFTUJOBTFOMPTBOUJDPODFQUJWPTEFSVUJOBDPNPQÓMEPSBT
BOUJDPODFQUJWBTPJOZFDUBCMFT'JH
iV
>ÃÊvÊ>VÌÊvÊ
À>Ê«Ài«>À>ÌÃÊ
ÕÃi`ÊvÀÊiiÀ}iVÞÊVÌÀ>Vi«Ì\Ê>ÊÀiÛiÜÊvÊÌ
iÊÌiÀ>ÌÕÀi
#ROXATTO("$EVOTO,$RENAD-%ZCURRA%,ARREA&
4AGLE#/RTIZ-%6ANTMAN$6EGA-VON(ERTZEN(
#ONTRACEPTION
$ISE×O
/BJETIVOS
)
NDICADORES
#ONCLUSIONES
Q 2EVISINDEART¤CULOSRELACIONADOSCONLOSMECANISMOSDEACCINDELA ANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIA
Q ART¤CULOS
Q %VALUARLASINVESTIGACIONESPUBLICADASSOBREANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIA
DESDELOSESTUDIOSENANIMALESHASTALOSREALIZADOSENHUMANOS
Q -ECANISMOSDEACCINCOMPROBADOS
Q
Q
0ARALA!/%CONLEVONORGESTREL,.'YCONR£GIMEN9UZPELOSESTUDIOS
DEMUESTRANQUEELMECANISMOANTICONCEPTIVOESATRAV£SDELAINTERFERENCIADE
EVENTOSPREFECUNDACINFERTILIZACIN
%NELCASODE-IFEPRISTONEENDOSISCOMO!/%SEMUESTRAUNAMAYOREFECTIVIDAD
ANTICONCEPTIVAPORQUETENDR¤AEFECTOSPOSTFECUNDACINPOSIBLEIMPACTOSOBRE
ENDOMETRIO
-ECANISMODEACCINDEPREPARACIONESHORMONALESUSADASCOMOANTICONCEPCINDE
EMERGENCIAUNAREVISINDELALITERATURA
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ 3UHYHQFLyQGHOHPEDUD]R
!"
"
)LJ
0HFDQLVPRVGHDFFLyQ
GH$2(FRQ/1*
!
"ÊÌ
iÊiV
>ÃÃÊvÊ>VÌÊvÊÃ
ÀÌÌiÀÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊ
>`ÃÌÀ>ÌÊÊiiÀ}iVÞÊVÌÀ>Vi«Ì
$URAND-#RAVIOTO-2AYMOND%'$URÈN3ÈNCHEZ/#RUZ(INOJOSA-
#ASTELL2ODRÓGUEZ!3CHIAVON2,ARREA&
#ONTRACEPTION
$ISE¶O
Q
Q
Q
/BJETIVOS
Q %VALUARELEFECTODELA,.'COMOANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIAATRESDIFERENTES
MOMENTOSDELCICLOMENSTRUALDELAMUJERPREOVULATORIOOVULATORIOYPOSTOVULATORIO
)NDICADORES
Q .IVELESHORMONALES,(0Y%
Q #ARACTER¤STICASDELCICLODURACINDELCICLOYDECADAFASED¤ADERUPTURAFOLICULAR
Q -ORFOLOG¤AENDOMETRIAL
#ONCLUSIONES
Q
Q
%NSAYOCL¤NICOALEATORIZADODEDOBLECIEGO
.MUJERESCUCONTRIBUYCONCICLOS
3EANALIZDOSCICLOSMENSTRUALESENCADAMUJERUNOCOMOCONTROLYOTRODE
TRATAMIENTO,OSGRUPOSDETRATAMIENTOFUERON!MG,.'XENELD¤A
DELCICLOMENSTRUAL"MG,.'XENELMISMOD¤ADELPICODE,(
#MG,.'XHORASDESPU£SDELPICODE,(
,AINTERFERENCIADE,.'PARAPREVENIRELPICODE,(NECESARIOPARALAOVULACIN
DEPENDERÕDELDESARROLLOFOLICULARYSERÕEFECTIVALAINTERFERENCIASOLOENFASE
PREOVULATORIA
,AADMINISTRACINPERIOPOSTOVULATORIADE,.'COMOANTICONCEPCINDE EMERGENCIANOALTERALAFUNCINDELCUERPOL¢TEONILAMORFOLOG¤AENDOMETRIAL
3OBRELOSMECANISMOSDEACCINDELAADMINISTRACINDECORTADURACINDE
LEVONORGESTRELCOMOANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIA
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
3& 4 Á .& / %&" 35 ¶$6-04$*&/ 5 ¶'*$04
!"
)DOODGHOPpWRGR
"
"
"
!
iÀ}iVÞÊVÌÀ>Vi«ÌÊÜÌ
Êvi«ÀÃÌiÊ>`ÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀi\Ê
iV
>ÃÊvÊ>VÌ
-ARIONS,(ULTENBY+,INDELL)3UN83TABI"'EMZELL$ANIELSSON+
/BSTETRICSAND'YNECOLOGY
$ISE¶O
Q
Q
Q
/BJETIVOS
Q %VALUARELEFECTODELA,.'COMOANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIAATRESDIFERENTES
MOMENTOSDELCICLOMENSTRUALDELAMUJERPREOVULATORIOOVULATORIOYPOSTOVULATORIO
)NDICADORES
Q -ARCADORESDERECEPTIVIDADENDOMETRIALINTEGRINASCICLOOXIGENASARECEPTORES
DEPROGESTERONAPROTE¤NASLIGADORASYPINPODOS
Q #ONCENTRACINHORMONAL
#ONCLUSIONES
Q
Q
Q
%STUDIOOBSERVACIONALCL¤NICO
.MUJERESCUCONTRIBUYCONCICLOS
MUJERESSELESDIERON,.'ANTESYDESPU£SDELAOVULACINYALASOTRAS
SELESADMINISTRMIFEPRISTONEANTESYDESPU£SDELAOVULACIN
!MBOSTRATAMIENTOS,.'YMIFEPRISTONEINHIBIERONELPICODE,(NECESARIO
PARALAOVULACINLOCUALDEMUESTRAELPRIMERMECANISMODEACCINQUEES
INHIBIRLAOVULACIN
%NCONTRARONQUEELCICLOTRATADOCON,.'NOTEN¤ADIFERENCIASSIGNIlCATIVASEN
LOSMARCADORESEVALUADOSDELENDOMETRIOPORLOQUECONCLUYEQUENOACT¢AA
NIVELENDOMETRIAL
%NELCICLOTRATADOCONMIFEPRISTONESEOBSERVCAMBIOSENELENDOMETRIO
!NTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIACONMIFEPRISTONEYLEVONORGESTRELMECANISMODEACCIN
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ vviVÌÃÊvÊÌ
iÊ9Õâ«iÊÀi}i]Ê}ÛiÊ`ÕÀ}ÊÌ
iÊvVÕ>ÀÊ«
>Ãi]Ê
ÊÛ>À>ÊvÕVÌÊ
#ROXATTO("&UENTEALBA""RACHE63ALVATIERRA!-
!LVAREZ&-ASSAI2#OCHON,&AUNDES!
#ONTRACEPTION
$ISE×O
Q
Q
Q
/BJETIVOS
Q %VALUARHASTAQU£PUNTOELR£GIMENCOMBINADODEANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIA
DADOENFASEFOLICULARPREVIENELAOVULACINDURANTELOSD¤ASSUBSIGUIENTESALATOMA
)NDICADORES
Q $IÕMETROFOLICULAR
Q #ONCENTRACINHORMONALENSUERO&3(,(%0
Q )NCIDENCIADEEFECTOSADVERSOS
#ONCLUSIONES
Q
Q
%NSAYOCL¤NICOALEATORIZADOPLACEBOCONTROL
.MUJERESCUCONTRIBUYCONCICLOS
,OSCICLOSDETRATAMIENTOFUERONADOSCOMPLETADER£GIMEN9UZPE
§G%%§G,.'BMITADDEDOSIS§G%%§G,.'CPLACEBO
%LR£GIMEN9UZPEPUEDESUPRIMIRLAOVULACINPORUNPERIODODETIEMPOQUE
EXCEDEELTIEMPODEVIDADELOSESPERMATOZOIDES
,OSDATOSNOGARANTIZANESTEEFECTOCUANDOSEADMINISTRALAMITADDELADOSIS
RECOMENDADA
%FECTODELR£GIMEN9UZPESOBRELAFUNCINOVÕRICADADODURANTELAFASEFOLICULAR
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
3& 4 Á .& / %&" 35 ¶$6-04$*&/ 5 ¶'*$04
-V>}ÊiiVÌÀÊVÀÃV«iÊ­-®ÊV
>}iÃÊ
vÊÌ
iÊi`iÌÀÕÊÊÜiÊÌ>}Ê
}
Ê`ÃiÃÊ
vÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊ>ÃÊiiÀ}iVÞÊ«ÃÌVÌ>ÊVÌÀ>Vi«ÌÊ
5GOCSAI'2ØZSA-5GOCSAI0
#ONTRACEPTION
$ISE¶O
Q %STUDIOOBSERVACIONALDEREPORTEDECASOS
Q .MUJERES
/BJETIVOS
Q %VALUARLASBIOPSIASENDOMETRIALESENMUJERESQUEVOLUNTARIAMENTEHAB¤AN
TOMADODOSISDEAMAYORDE,.'ALARECOMENDADACOMO!/%
)NDICADORES
Q $IÕMETROFOLICULAR
Q #ONCENTRACINHORMONALENSUERO&3(,(%0
Q )NCIDENCIADEEFECTOSADVERSOS
#ONCLUSIONES
Q 3EOBSERVLAALTERACINDELASUPERlCIEENDOMETRIALCONMGDE,.'CINCO
VECESMAYORQUELADOSISDELPREPARADOAUTORIZADOPARA!/%
Q .OCONCLUYEQUEEXISTAIMPEDIMENTOENELPROCESODEIMPLANTACIN
#AMBIOSDELENDOMETRIOENMUJERESHANTOMADOALTASDOSISDELEVONORGESTRELCOMO
ANTICONCEPCINPOSTCOITALDEEMERGENCIAOBSERVADOCONMICROSCOPIOELECTRNICODE
BARRIDO
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ /
iÊivviVÌÃÊvÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊÊÛ>ÀÕÃÊëiÀÊvÕVÌÃÊ
9EUNG7#HIU07ANG#(9AO91(O0
#ONTRACEPTION
$ISE×O
Q %NSAYOTRATAMIENTOCONTROLINVITRO
Q .MUESTRASDESEMEN
/BJETIVOS
Q $ETERMINARSILEVONORGESTRELENDOSISDEANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIAINmUYE
SOBRELASFUNCIONESESPERMÕTICAS
)NDICADORES
Q -OTILIDADESPERMÕTICA
Q 2EACCINACROSMICA
Q 5NINDEESPERMATOZOIDEYZONAPEL¢CIDA
#ONCLUSIONES
Q
Q
Q
3EOBSERVQUE,.'COMO!/%DISMINUYLAVELOCIDADDELESPERMATOZOIDEY
QUEESTEERADOSISDEPENDIENTE
,.'NOAFECTALAREACCINACROSMICAPEROINHIB¤ALAFUSINESPERMATOZOIDE
OVOCITOYESTATAMBI£NERADEPENDIENTEDELADOSIS
,OSDATOSPRESENTADOSCONCLUYENQUELAINTERFERENCIAENLAFUNCINESPERMÕTICA
NOCONTRIBUYESIGNIlCATIVAMENTEALAElCACIAANTICONCEPTIVADELM£TODO
%FECTODELEVONORGESTRELSOBREVARIASFUNCIONESESPERMÕTICAS
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
3& 4 Á .& / %&" 35 ¶$6-04$*&/ 5 ¶'*$04
>ÌiÊvVÕ>ÀÊ«
>ÃiÊ>`ÃÌÀ>ÌÊvÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊ>ÃÊ>Ê
iiÀ}iVÞÊVÌÀ>Vi«ÌÛiÊV
>}iÃÊÌ
iÊÃiVÀiÌÀÞÊ«>ÌÌiÀÊ
vÊ}ÞV`iÊÊÃiÀÕÊ>`Êi`iÌÀÕÊ`ÕÀ}ÊÌ
iÊÕÌi>Ê«
>ÃiÊ
vÊÌ
iÊiÃÌÀÕ>ÊVÞViÊ
$URAND-3EPPALA-#RAVIOTO-#+OISTINEN(+OISTINEN2'ONZALES-ACEDO*,ARRA&
#ONTRACEPTION
$ISE×O
Q
Q
Q
%NSAYOCL¤NICOTRATAMIENTOCONTROLTOMANDOMUESTRASDEUNAINVESTIGACINANTERIOR
.CICLOENMUJERES
4RESGRUPOSDEMUJERESALASQUESELESADMINISTRDOSDOSISDEMGDE,.'
CONHORASDEINTERVALOEND¤ASANTESDEPICODE,(ALMOMENTO
DELPICODE,(DESPU£SDEHABERDETECTADOELPICODE,(
/BJETIVOS
Q
$ETERMINARSILEVONORGESTRELENDOSISDEANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIAALTERALA
EXPRESINDE'LYCODELIN!ENELENDOMETRIOYOENSUEROYAQUEESTA
GLICOPROTE¤NAESUNPOTENTEINHIBIDORDELAUNINDELESPERMATOZOIDECONLAZONA
PELUCIDADELOVOCITO
)NDICADORES
Q %XPRESINDE'LYCODELINn!ENDOMETRIAL
#ONCLUSIONES
Q
Q
3EOBSERVQUE,.'COMO!/%ADMINISTRADOANTESDELPICODE,(AUMENTLOS
NIVELESS£RICOSDEGLYCODELININHIBIENDOLAUNINDEGAMETOSYCONTRIBUYENDOALA
EFECTIVIDADANTICONCEPTIVA
#UANDO,.'COMO!/%ESDADODURANTEODESPU£SDELPICODE,(LAEXPRESIN
DEGLYCODELINNOVAR¤ASIGNIlCATIVAMENTE
,AADMINISTRACINDELEVONORGESTRELCOMOANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIAENLAFASE
FOLICULARTARD¤ACAMBIAELPATRNSECRETORDEGLYODELINENSUEROYENENDOMETRIODURANTE
LAFASELUTEALDELCICLOMENSTRUAL
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ i-BTQÓMEPSBTBOUJDPODFQUJWBTEFFNFSHFODJB1"&
EFMFWP
OPSHFTUSFMIBOEFNPTUSBEPQSFWFOJSMBPWVMBDJØOZRVFOP
UJFOFO VO FGFDUP EFUFDUBCMF TPCSF FM FOEPNFUSJP SFDVCSJ
NJFOUP VUFSJOP
P FO MPT OJWFMFT EF QSPHFTUFSPOB DVBOEP
TPOEBEBTEFTQVÏTEFMBPWVMBDJØO-BT1"&OPTPOFGFDUJWBT
VOBWF[RVFFMQSPDFTPEFJNQMBOUBDJØOIBDPNFO[BEPZOP
DBVTBSÈOVOBCPSUPw
0.4
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
"3( 6 .& / 5040104*503 &4: "$- " 3 "503 *04
&DStWXOR,9
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ &DStWXOR,9
$UJXPHQWRVRSRVLWRUHV
\FRQWUDDUJXPHQWRV
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
"3( 6 .& / 5040104*503 &4: "$- " 3 "503 *04
&OFMNFTEFKVOJPEFMB×PTFMBO[ØVOQPSUBMXFCDPOBSHVNFOUPTFODPOUSB
EF MB BOUJDPODFQDJØO PSBM EF FNFSHFODJB "0& DPNP QBSUF EF VOB DBNQB×B EF
EFTJOGPSNBDJØOBMBQPCMBDJØODPOSFTQFDUPBTVTNFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØOBTÓDPNP
TVJNQMFNFOUBDJØOFOFMQSPHSBNBEFQMBOJmDBDJØOGBNJMJBSEFM&TUBEPZFMNBOFKP
RVFTFIBUFOJEPEFMUFNBFOMBTPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTEFMBTPDJFEBEDJWJMZMBBDUVBMUJ
UVMBSEFM.JOJTUFSJPEF4BMVE
4FFTUVWPUPMFSBOEPMBQSFTFODJBEFMB"0&FOGBSNBDJBTQFSPFMBOVODJPEFJODPSQPSBSMBFOMBPGFSUBEF
TFSWJDJPTQÞCMJDPTEFTBUØVOBSFBDDJØOFOMBTBVUPSJEBEFTFDMFTJÈTUJDBTZEJWFSTBTPSHBOJ[BDJPOFTBmOFT
DPNPEJWFSTPTHSVQPTDPOTFSWBEPSFTZGVOEBNFOUBMJTUBTFOFM1FSÞZEFPUSPTQBÓTFTWFDJOPT
"VORVFFMUSBTGPOEPDPSSFTQPOEFBMPTRVFEFDJEFOMBTQPMÓUJDBTFOTBMVEQÞCMJDBQBSUFEFMPTBSHVNFOUPT
RVFQSFTFOUBOMPTEFUSBDUPSFTEFMNÏUPEPFOFTUFTJUJPXFCTPODPNFOUBSJPTRVFJOUFOUBOEFTDBMJmDBSMBT
JOWFTUJHBDJPOFTDJFOUÓmDBToBMHVOBTEFUJQPFYQFSJNFOUBMoRVFFTUVEJBOMPTNFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØOEFMB
"0&EFTPMPMFWPOPSHFTUSFMQBSUJDVMBSNFOUFBRVFMMBTFOMBTDVBMFTTFDPNQSVFCBRVFOPFYJTUFFMMMBNBEP
iUFSDFSFGFDUPwPFGFDUPEFBOUJJNQMBOUBDJØO
&OFTUFDBQÓUVMPRVFSFNPTEJGVOEJSEFNBOFSBDPOUSBTUBOUFMPTBSHVNFOUPTDJFOUÓmDPTRVFTFNBOFKBOQBSB
BNCBTQPTJDJPOFT4FIBFOVNFSBEPMPTQÈSSBGPTBDPNFOUBSQBSBGBDJMJUBSTVVCJDBDJØO
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ (PHUJHQF\&RQWUDFHSWLRQZLWKPLIHSULVWRQH
DQGOHYRQRUJHVWUHO0HFKDQLVPRI$FWLRQ
,ENA-ARIONS+JELL(ULTENBY)NGRID,INDELL8IAOXI3UN"ERIT3TABI
+RITINA'MEZELL$ANIELSSON/BSTETRICSAND'YNECOLOGY
6OL.O*ULY
-PRVFEJDFOMPTPQPTJUPSFTBMNÏUPEP
%FMBTTFJTNVKFSFTRVFSFDJCJFSPO-/(TPMPDVBUSPQVEJFSPOTFSBOBMJ[BEBT$PNFOUBSJP
&TUPTJHOJmDB
RVFMPTJOWFTUJHBEPSFTQFSEJFSPOFMEFTVNVFTUSBPSJHJOBMZZBTFJNQMJDBVOTFTHP"EJDJPOBMNFOUFEF
MBTDVBUSPNVFTUSBTBOBMJ[BEBTVOBTJNPTUSØDBNCJPTFOFMFOEPNFUSJPNBSDBEPS$09
-BNVFTUSB
FTJOTVmDJFOUFQBSBEFTDBSUBSDPOTJTUFOUFNFOUFFMFSSPSUJQP**FTUFFTDPOPDJEPQPSMPTFTQFDJBMJTUBTDPNP
MBJNQPTJCJMJEBEEFEFUFDUBSEJGFSFODJBTJNQPSUBOUFTEFOUSPEFVOBJOWFTUJHBDJØO
$PODMVTJØOEFMFTUVEJPDPNQMFUP
&ODPODMVTJØOOVFTUSBJOGPSNBDJØOTVHJFSFRVFFMQSPDFTPEFPWVMBDJØOFTFMQSJODJQBMCMBODPEFMBBOUJDPO
DFQDJØOEFFNFSHFODJBDPO.JGFQSJTUPOFZMFWPOPSHFTUSFM4JOFNCBSHPFMFGFDUPFOFMFOEPNFUSJPZFOMB
USPNQBEF'BMPQJPQVFEFUBNCJÏODPOUSJCVJSBMBFmDBDJBDPOUSBDFQUJWBEF.JGFQSJTUPOF
i*ODPODMVTJPOPVSEBUBTVHHFTUUIBUUIFPWVMBUJPOQSPDFTTJTUIFNBJOUBSHFU
GPSFNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPOXJUINJGFQSJTUPOFBOEMFWPOPSHFTUSFM)PXFWFS
UIFFGGFDUPOUIFFOEPNFUSJVNBOEPOUIFGBMMPQJBOUVCFNBZBMTPDPOUSJCVUF
UPUIFDPOUSBDFQUJWFFGGFDUJWFOFTTPGNJGFQSJTUPOFw
$PNPTFBQSFDJBMBTJOWFTUJHBEPSBTIBCMBOEFVOFGFDUPQSJODJQBMQFSPOPEBOQPSEFTDBSUBEBMBQPTJCJMJEBE
EFRVFFM-/(BGFDUFBMFOEPNFUSJP
0UEDEREVISARSEELRESUMENDEART¤CULOENELCAP¤TULOANTERIOR
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
"3( 6 .& / 5040104*503 &4: "$- " 3 "503 *04
$PNFOUBSJPTBDMBSBUPSJPT
-BTNVKFSFTBOBMJ[BEBTEFMHSVQPRVFSFDJCJFSPO-/(GVFSPODJODPZBRVFVOBGVFSFUJSBEB
EFMFTUVEJPQPSQSFTFOUBSDPODFOUSBDJPOFTIPSNPOBMFTBOPSNBMFTZBDBEBVOBTFMBTTJHVJØQPS
NFTFT
6OBEFMBTDJODPNVFTUSBTEFCJPQTJBTPCUFOJEBTNPTUSØDBNCJPTFOVOPEFMPTTJFUFNBSDBEP
SFTFOEPNFUSJBMFTEFOPNJOBEP$09PDJDMPYJHFOBTB6OBGPSNBEFFO[JNBRVFBEJGFSFO
DJBEFPUSBTFTGPDBMJ[BEBZRVFVTVBMNFOUFTFQSPEVDFOEVSBOUFMBTSFTQVFTUBTJOnBNBUPSJBT
ZTPOSFTQPOTBCMFTEFMBTÓOUFTJTEFQSPTUBHMBOEJOBTRVFNFEJBOMBJOnBNBDJØO$VBOEPMB
BDUJWJEBEEF$PYFTCMPRVFBEBDPOJCVQSPGFOPQPSFKFNQMPMBJOnBNBDJØOTFSFEVDF
&O
MPTSFTUBOUFTQBSÈNFUSPTOPTFPCTFSWØDBNCJPTTJHOJmDBUJWPTFOUSFFMDJDMPUSBUBEPDPO-/(
ZFMDPOUSPM
&MFSSPSUJQP**SFmFSFBDFQUBSVOBIJQØUFTJTOVMBTJFOEPGBMTB
OPTJFNQSFTFQVFEFBQMJDBS
QBSBUPEPTMPTFTUVEJPTTFEFCFDPOTJEFSBSRVFFOFMDBTPEFFTUVEJPTDMÓOJDPTÏTUPTBGSPOUBO
PCTUÈDVMPTEFUJQPÏUJDPZMPHÓTUJDP1PSFMMPFTRVFFOUPEPTMPTDBTPTTPONVKFSFTWPMVOUBSJBT
"VORVFFTUPTFSSPSFTOVODBFTUÈOUPUBMNFOUFBVTFOUFTFMJOWFTUJHBEPSMPTQVFEFSFEVDJSBV
NFOUÈOEPMFOÞNFSPEFJOEJWJEVPTPFMUBNB×PEFNVFTUSBTZUBNCJÏONBOFKBOEPFOGPSNB
BEFDVBEBFMEJTF×PZMBTNFEJDJPOFT/PTJHOJmDBRVFFMFTUVEJPRVFEFJOWÈMJEP
+VTUBNFOUFFTFOFTUFQÈSSBGPEPOEFTFDPODMVZFRVFFMFGFDUPFOEPNFUSJBMFTTPMPEFNJGFQSJT
UPOFZ/0EF-/(
&T VOB BQSFDJBDJØO FSSBEB JODPNQMFUB Z UFSHJWFSTBEB EF MP RVF MPT BVUPSFT NFODJPOBO UBM
DPNPTFQVFEFDPOmSNBSFOMBTDPODMVTJPOFTEFMBSFWJTJØOEFBSUÓDVMPTSFBMJ[BEBQPSMBNJTNB
BVUPSB%SB.BSJPOTZQVCMJDBEBFOMBSFWJTUB)VNBO3FQSPEVDUJPO6QEBUFEF+VMJP
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ 2QWKHPHFKDQLVPRIDFWLRQRIVKRUWWHUPOHYRQRUJHVWUHO
DGPLQLVWUDWLRQLQHPHUJHQF\FRQWUDFHSWLRQ
-ARTA$URAND-A$EL#ARMEN#RAVIOTO%LIZABETH2AYMOND/FELIA$URÈN3ÈNCHEZ
$ELA#RUZ(INOJOSA!NDRÏS#ASTELL2ODRIGUEZ2AFAELA3CHIAVON&ERNANDO,ARREA
#ONTRACEPTION
-PRVFEJDFOMPTPQPTJUPSFTBMNÏUPEP
&MSFTVNFOEFFTUFBSUÓDVMPIBCMBEFDVBUSPHSVQPTEFBTJHOBDJØOZFOMBTFDDJØOEFMEJTF×PEFMFTUVEJPTF
NFODJPOBOTPMPUSFTHSVQPTZMVFHPFOMBTFDDJØOEFSFTVMUBEPTEJWJEFOUPEBTVQPCMBDJØOFODVBUSPHSVQPT
/PFTVOFTUVEJPBMFBUPSJP
/PTFSFTQFUBMBBTJHOBDJØOPSJHJOBMBDBEBHSVQPMPRVFQVFEFJOUSPEVDJSTFTHP4FEFCFSFDPSEBSRVFFO
MPTFTUVEJPTFYQFSJNFOUBMFTFTNVZJNQPSUBOUFNBOUFOFSMBBMFUPSFJEBEEFMBNVFTUSBQBSBHBSBOUJ[BSMB
DBMJEBEEFMFTUVEJPEFQFSEFSTFMBNJTNBTFQJFSEFMBSJHVSPTJEBEDJFOUÓmDBZQPSFOEFOPTFQVFEFMMFHBSB
DPODMVTJPOFTDSFÓCMFT
%FMPTDPOUSPMFTRVFEFCJFSPOFWBMVBEPTTPMPTFPCUVWJFSPOTPMPNVFTUSBT
BOBMJ[BCMFT&OPUSBTQBMBCSBTFMFTUVEJPQJFSEFFMEFTVTDBTPTMPDVBMJODSFNFOUBBÞONÈTFMTFTHP
'JOBMNFOUFMBNVFTUSBFTEFNBTJBEPQFRVF×BQBSBEFTDBSUBSDPOTJTUFOUFNFOUFFMFSSPSUJQP**
$PODMVTJØOEFMFTUVEJPDPNQMFUP
-PTSFTVMUBEPTQVFEFOPGSFDFSVOBFYQMJDBDJØOQMBVTJCMFEFMPTFGFDUPTDPOUSBDFQUJWPTEFM-/(FOUSFHBEP
EFTQVÏT EFM DPJUP BOUFT RVF TVSKB FM -( P TF EFTBSSPMMF FM NFDBOJTNP RVF JOWPMVDSB FM EFTBSSPMMP EFM
DVFSQP MÞUFP "EFNÈT FTUF FTUVEJP OP BQPZB FM FGFDUP DPOUSBDFQUJWP EF BOUJJNQMBOUBDJØO EFM -/( FO MB
BOUJDPODFQDJØO EF FNFSHFODJB TJO FNCBSHP EFCFSÓBO DPOTJEFSBSTF F JOWFTUJHBSTF CMBODPT BEJDJPOBMFT
BEFNÈTEFMPTEFTDSJUPTBRVÓQBSBEFUFSNJOBS
MPTFGFDUPTBOUJDPODFQUJWPTEFM-/(
i0VSSFTVMUTNBZPGGFSBQMBVTJCMFFYQMBOBUJPOGPSUIFDPOUSBDFQUJWFFGGFDUTPG
-/(HJWFOQPTUDPJUBMMZQSJPSUP-)TVSHFPSUIFNFDIBOJTNJOWPMWJOHDPSQVT
MVUFVNEFWFMPQNFOU*OBEEJUJPOUIJTTUVEZEPFTOPUTVQQPSUBOBOUJJNQMBOUB
UJPODPOUSBDFQUJWFFGGFDUPG-/(JO&$IPXFWFSBEEJUJPOBMUBSHFUTCFTJEFT
UIPTFEFTDSJCFEIFSFJOTIPVMEBMTPCFDPOTJEFSFEBOEGVSUIFSJOWFTUJHBUFE
GPSUIFDPOUSBDFQUJWFFGGFDUTPG-/(w
6OBWF[NÈTMPTBVUPSFTOPEJDFOIBCFSMPHSBEPEFTDBSUBSFMFGFDUPBOUJJNQMBOUBUPSJP
BEFNÈTSFDPOP
DFORVFGBMUBOJOWFTUJHBDJPOFT
0UEDEREVISARSEELRESUMENDEART¤CULOENELCAP¤TULOANTERIOR
#ORRECCINDEAUTOR
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
"3( 6 .& / 5040104*503 &4: "$- " 3 "503 *04
$PNFOUBSJPTBDMBSBUPSJPT
-PTEFUSBDUPSFTOPNFODJPOBORVFTPONVKFSFTFOUPUBMZTFFWBMÞBOEPTDJDMPTFODBEBVOB
FTEFDJSRVFMBVOJEBEEFBOÈMJTJTFTEFDJDMPT&OMBNJTNBJOWFTUJHBDJØOTFFYQMJDBMBSB[ØO
QPSMBDVBMTFGPSNBFMDVBSUPHSVQPHSVQP%
RVFFTNFODJPOBEPFOFMSFTVNFOJOJDJBMPP
%FMPTUSFTHSVQPTGPSNBEPTJOJDJBMNFOUF"#Z$
BMBOBMJ[BSBMBTNVKFSFTTFEJFSPODVFOUB
RVFBDVBUSPEFMHSVQP#ZDVBUSPEFMHSVQP$TFMFTBENJOJTUSØ-/(BOUFTEFMQJDPEF-)
QPSMPRVFMPTBVUPSFTEFDJEJFSPOQPOFSBMBTNVKFSFTFOVODVBSUPHSVQPHSVQP%
KVTUBNFOUFQBSBOPDBFSFOVOTFTHPFOMPTHSVQPTJOJDJBMNFOUFBTJHOBEPT&OUPODFTQBSBFM
BOÈMJTJTEFSFTVMUBEPMPTHSVQPTRVFEBODPOUSPM"#$%
&MFTUVEJPTÓFTBMFBUPSJPFTUÈDMBSBNFOUFNFODJPOBEPFONBUFSJBMFTZNÏUPEPT&MÞOJDPHSVQPRVF
OPGVFBTJHOBEPEFTEFVOJOJDJPGVFFMHSVQP%TJOFNCBSHPFTUFUBNCJÏOGVFSFTVMUBEPEFMB[BS
/PTFQJFSEFMBEFTJHOBDJØOBMB[BSMBJOTFSDJØOEFVODVBSUPHSVQPFTQBSBFMBOÈMJTJTEFMPT
SFTVMUBEPT1PSFMMPOPTFQJFSEFMBSJHVSPTJEBEEFMBJOWFTUJHBDJØOIBCJFOEPTJEPDMBSBNFOUF
FYQMJDBEPQPSMPTNJTNPTBVUPSFT
&GFDUJWBNFOUFTFBOBMJ[BSPOEFCJPQTJBTEFMBTNVKFSFTRVFIBCÓBOSFDJCJEPUSBUBNJFOUPZIB
CÓBOPWVMBEP4FFYDMVZFSPOQPSDPOTJEFSBSMBTNVFTUSBTJOTVmDJFOUFT&TUPOPDPOUSJCVZFBMTVQVFTUP
TFTHPQPSFMDPOUSBSJPOPTFDPOTJEFSBODPOMBmOBMJEBEEFPCUFOFSSFTVMUBEPTNÈTDFSDBOPTBMPSFBM
&OJOWFTUJHBDJØODMÓOJDBTFBDFQUBUSBEJDJPOBMNFOUFVOB1DVZPWBMPSTJHOJmDBRVFMBQSP
CBCJMJEBEEFPCTFSWBSVOBEJGFSFODJBDPNPMBIBMMBEBPNÈTFYUSFNBQPSFGFDUPEFMB[BSFTEF
FO&OTFOUJEPQSÈDUJDPDVBOEPMBEJGFSFODJBFODPOUSBEBTFBUSJCVZFBMSFEVDJEPOÞNFSPEF
PCTFSWBDJPOFTGBMTPTOFHBUJWPT
TFEFTJHOBDPNPFSSPSUJQP**PCFUB&TUPPDVSSFQBSBUPEBTMBTJO
WFTUJHBDJPOFTOPTFQVFEFFWJUBSDJFSUPHSBEPEFFSSPS/PQPSFMMPTFQSJWBBMBQPCMBDJØOEFHP[BS
EFMBEJTQPOJCJMJEBEEFOVFWPTGÈSNBDPTRVFQFSNJUFONFKPSBSMBDBMJEBEEFWJEB
&TDPSSFDUPBFTUBNJTNBDPODMVTJØOMMFHBOMPTBVUPSFT&OFMSFTVNFOEJDFEFNBOFSBNÈT
FYQMJDJUB
i-BBENJOJTUSBDJØOQSFZQPTUPWVMBUPSJBEF-/(OPQFSKVEJDØMB
GVODJØOEFMDVFSQPMÞUFPOJMBNPSGPMPHÓBFOEPNFUSJBMw
/PTFSFmFSFOBVOFGFDUPBOUJJNQMBOUBUPSJPQPSRVFOPFTQBSUFEFMPTPCKFUJWPTTJOFNCBSHP
TJEFTDBSUBOMPTEB×PTBOJWFMEFMBNPSGPMPHÓBFOEPNFUSJBM
&GFDUJWBNFOUFTJFNQSFIBDFOGBMUBJOWFTUJHBDJPOFTDPOSFTQFDUPBMNFDBOJTNPEFBDDJØOEF
-/(QPSMB DBOUJEBEEF QBSÈNFUSPT SFMBDJPOBEPT QFSP MB IJQØUFTJT EF RVF BDUÞB DBVTBOEP
EB×PFOMBNPSGPMPHÓBFOEPNFUSJBMRVFEBWJSUVBMNFOUFEFTDBSUBEB
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ 6HKL]RWDPELpQFRPHQWDULRVVREUH
ODVLQYHVWLJDFLRQHVTXHVHFRQGXFHQ
HQDQLPDOHVGHODERUDWRULRV
-PRVFEJDFOMPTPQPTJUPSFTBMNÏUPEP
-PTNPEFMPTDPOBOJNBMFTUJFOFOMJNJUBDJPOFTQBSBTFSFYUSBQPMBEPTBMPTIVNBOPTZUJFOFOSFTVMUBEPTBVO
NÈTDPOUSPWFSTJBMFT
&OUSFTVTEJF[SFGFSFODJBTQBSBiEFTDBSUBSwFMFGFDUPBOUJBOJEBUPSJPFMJOGPSNF5ÈWB
SBQSFTFOUBMPTEPTFTUVEJPTNÈTSFDJFOUFTRVFTFIJDJFSPOTPCSFFM-/(FOBOJNBMFTZRVFTPMPBQPSUBO
FWJEFODJBJOEJSFDUB
-PTEPTFTUVEJPTGVFSPOSFBMJ[BEPTQPSVOHSVQPEFJOWFTUJHBEPSFTRVFUJFOFODPNPQBSUJDJQBOUFDPNÞO
BM%S)PSBDJP$SPYBUUP&TUFNÏEJDPMJEFSØVOBSFWJTJØOIFDIBFOFMB×PTPCSFFTUVEJPTQVCMJDBEPT
FOSFMBDJØODPOFMFGFDUPBOUJJNQMBOUBDJØOZFOFTBSFWJTJØOOPEBOQPSSFTVFMUPFMEFCBUF
%JDFUFYUVBM
NFOUF
i5IFGBJMVSFSBUFPG)&$BOEUIFGBDUUIBUJUXPSLTCFTUXIFOVTFETPPO
BGUFS TFYVBM JOUFSDPVSTF BSF GVSUIFS SFBTPOT GPS EPVCUJOH UIBU UIJT NFUIPE
JNQFEFTQSFHOBODZCZJOUFSGFSFODFXJUIQPTUGFSUJMJ[BUJPOFWFOUTw
%LINFORME4ÕVARASERElEREALINFORMEPREPARADOPORELASESORDEL-INISTERIODE3ALUDDEESEENTONCESEL$R,UIS4ÕVARAM£DICOGINECOOBSTETRADELARGA
TRAYECTORIAQUIENTUVOASUCARGOSISTEMATIZARLAINFORMACINCIENT¤lCADISPONIBLESOBRELAANTICONCEPCINORALDEEMERGENCIA
(%#(ORMONAL%MERGENCY#ONTRACEPTION
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
"3( 6 .& / 5040104*503 &4: "$- " 3 "503 *04
$PNFOUBSJPTBDMBSBUPSJPT
-PT NPEFMPT EF JOWFTUJHBDJØO FO BOJNBMFT TPO BNQMJBNFOUF VUJMJ[BEPT ZB RVF FO FTUPT TF
FWBMÞBOQBSÈNFUSPTFTQFDÓmDPTDVZBTDBSBDUFSÓTUJDBTIBOTJEPQSFWJBNFOUFFWBMVBEBTQBSBWB
MPSBSTJMBTJNJMJUVEDPOFMTFSIVNBOPFTFTFQBSÈNFUSPFTTJNJMBSZQSPQPSDJPOBM-PTEJTF×PT
DPOUSPMBEPTBMFBUPSJPTRVFSFRVJFSFOUSBCBKBSDPOFNCSJPOFTIVNBOPTQPSFKFNQMPQBSBFWB
MVBSFMFGFDUPEF-/(TPCSFFMQVOUPEFJNQMBOUBDJØOFOFMFOEPNFUSJPEVSBOUFFMFWFOUPEF
BOJEBDJØOFTÏUJDBNFOUFDPOnJDUJWPOPTPMPQPSUSBUBSTFEFFNCSJPOFTIVNBOPTTJOPQPSMB
EFTJHOBDJØOBMB[BSEFNVKFSFTBVOHSVQPTJOUSBUBNJFOUPQBSBFWJUBSVOFNCBSB[POPEFTFBEP
DVZBFmDBDJBIBTJEPBNQMJBNFOUFEFNPTUSBEB
&M%S)PSBDJP$SPYBUUPFTVOSFDPOPDJEPJOWFTUJHBEPSFOFMUFNBEFmTJPMPHÓBEFMBSFQSP
EVDDJØOEFMBNVKFSFOQBSUJDVMBSTPCSFMPTNFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØOEFMB"0&-BSFWJTJØO
SFGFSJEBFGFDUJWBNFOUFNFODJPOBRVFOPFTUÈDPNQMFUBNFOUFJOWFTUJHBEPTJOFNCBSHPMBT
JOWFTUJHBDJPOFTEJTQPOJCMFTJOEJDBORVFOPFYJTUFFMFGFDUPBOUJJNQMBOUBUBDJØO&MNJTNPBVUPS
MPSFJUFSBFOMBDJUBRVFTFQSFTFOUBFOMBQÈHXFCXXXUFSDFSFGFDUPDPNRVFEJDF
i-BUBTBEFGBMMBEFEFMB"0&IPSNPOBMZFMIFDIPRVFGVODJPOB
NFKPSDVBOUPBOUFTTFVTFTPONÈTRVFTVmDJFOUFSB[ØOQBSBEVEBS
RVFFTUFNÏUPEPJNQJEBMBHFTUBDJØOQPSJOUFSGFSFODJBEFFWFOUPTQPTU
GFSUJMJ[BDJØOw
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ 3RVWFRLWDOWUHDWPHQWZLWKOHYRQRUJHVWUHO
GRHVQRWGLVUXSWSRVWIHUWLOL]DWLRQHYHQWVLQWKHUDW
-ULLER!,,LADOS#-#ROXATTO("
#ONTRACEPTION-AY
-PRVFEJDFOPQPTJUPSFTBMNÏUPEP
4J CJFO FM SJHPS DJFOUÓmDP EF FTUF FTUVEJP FT BDFQUBCMF TV FYUSBQPMBDJØO BM NPEFMP IVNBOP FT EVEPTP
ZBRVFVTBVOBEPTJTWBSJBTWFDFTNBZPSRVFMBTVHFSJEBQBSBIVNBOPT ZUPNBDPNPJOEJDBEPSFM
QPSDFOUBKFEFGFDVOEBDJØO 4JDPOTJEFSBNPTBMBTSBUBTDPNPNPEFMPTQBSBQSPCBSFTUBIJQØUFTJTUFO
ESÓBNPTRVFDPOTJEFSBSUBNCJÏOFMFTUVEJPEF4IJSMFZZDPMBCPSBEPSFTQVCMJDBEPFOFOFMRVFTFFO
DPOUSBSPOFNCSJPOFTNPNJmDBEPTDPNPFWJEFODJBEFMBBDDJØOQPTUPWVMBUPSJBZBCPSUJWBEFMFWPOPSHFTUSFM
IUUQXXXODCJOMNOJIHPWFOUSF[RVFSZGDHJ DNE3FUSJFWFECQVCNFEEPQU"CTUSBDUMJTU@VJET
0CWJBNFOUFFTUFFTUVEJPOPIBTJEPTJRVJFSBNFODJPOBEPQPSFM*OGPSNF5ÈWBSB
0UEDEREVISARSEELRESUMENDEART¤CULOENELCAP¤TULOANTERIOR
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
"3( 6 .& / 5040104*503 &4: "$- " 3 "503 *04
$PNFOUBSJPTBDMBSBUPSJPT
&OOJOHÞONPNFOUPTFJOUFOUBFYUSBQPMBSMPTSFTVMUBEPTBIVNBOPTUBOUPBTÓRVFTFQSFTFOUB
DPNPVOBMJNJUBDJØOEFMFTUVEJP1FSPFTVOJOEJDJPEFDØNP-/(FOEPTJTEF"0&BDUÞB
&TUVEJPTDMÓOJDPTRVFDPOUSPMBOZFWBMÞBOWBSJBCMFTEPOEFTFJOWPMVDSFOFNCSJPOFTIVNBOPT
OPFTUÈOQFSNJUJEPTZTFUJFOFORVFSFDVSSJSBNPEFMPTEFBOJNBMFT
-BEPTJTEF-/(FTUÈFOGVODJØOEFMPTJOEJWJEVPTEFMFTUVEJPoWBMJEBEPFOPUSBTJOWFTUJHB
DJPOFToEFNPEPRVFFMDPNQPSUBNJFOUPGBSNBDPDJOÏUJDPTFBQSPQPSDJPOBMBMBTEPTJTZBMB
GBSNBDPDJOÏUJDBEFMTFSIVNBOP1PSPUSPMBEPIBZRVFSFDPSEBSRVFDPOTJEFSBSRVFFMUSBUB
NJFOUPQPSJOZFDDJØOFTEJTUJOUPBMUSBUBNJFOUPPSBM
-PTJOEJDBEPSFTFWBMVBEPTTPOQPSDFOUBKFEFBOJNBMFTRVFPWVMBOQSPNFEJPEFIVFWPTPWV
MBEPT QPSDFOUBKF EF IVFWPT GFSUJMJ[BEPT Z QSPNFEJP EF FNCSJPOFT JNQMBOUBEPT &TUBT TPO
KVTUBNFOUFWBSJBCMFTQFSUJOFOUFTQBSBFWBMVBSMPTNFDBOJTNPTEFBDDJØOEF-/(-BTWBSJBCMFT
TPOBQSPQJBEBTQBSBFMPCKFUJWPEFMFTUVEJP
&MFTUVEJPEF4IJSMFZGVFSFBMJ[BEPFOFMB×PDPOJNQMBOUFTTVCEÏSNJDPTMPTDVBMFTUJFOFO
PUSBEJOÈNJDBRVÓNJDBFOFMPSHBOJTNPJODMVTJWFFOVOSBUØO
1PSMPBOUFSJPSZEFCJEPBRVFFTDPOTJEFSBEPVOFTUVEJPBOUJHVPPCWJBNFOUFOPGVFJODMVJEP
FOFMSFQPSUFOJFOFMJOGPSNFRVFTFQSFTFOUØBM.JOJTUFSJPEF4BMVE
632*_81)3$
> $ " 1¶ 5 60 @ 3RVWFRLWDODGPLQLVWUDWLRQRIOHYRQRUJHVWUHO
GRHVQRWLQWHUIHUHZLWKSRVWIHUWLOL]DWLRQHYHQWV
LQWKHQHZZRUOGPRQNH\&HEXVDSHOOD
-%/RTIZ2%/RTIZ-!&UENTES6(0ARRAGUEZY("#ROXATTO
(UMAN2EPRODUCTION6OL.OPP
-PRVFEJDFOMPTPQPTJUPSFTBMNÏUPEP
&TUFFTVOQÏTJNPFTUVEJPQBSBTPTUFOFSMBIJQØUFTJTRVFFM-/(OPJOUFSmFSFDPOMPRVFPDVSSBEFTQVÏTEF
MBGFSUJMJ[BDJØO-PTSFTVMUBEPTIBOTJEPNBMJOUFSQSFUBEPTQBSBMMFHBSBMUÓUVMPEFMFTUVEJP
ZBRVFMBUBTB
EFFNCBSB[PTOPFTEJGFSFOUFDVBOEPMBDPQVMBDJØOTFEBOJBOUFTOJEFTQVÏTEFMBPWVMBDJØO
"EFNÈT
BMmOBMEFFTUVEJPMPTNJTNPTJOWFTUJHBEPSFTSFDPOPDFORVFTVTSFTVMUBEPTOPQVFEFOFYUSBQPMBSTFBMPTIV
NBOPT
i4JOFNCBSHPFM-/(BENJOJTUSBEPEFTQVÏTEFMDPJUPOPQSFWJFOFFMFNCBSB[PEFFTUBFTQFDJF
QSJNBUFBQBSFOUFNFOUFQPSRVFFM$BQFMMBUJFOFVOQBUSØOEFBQBSFBNJFOUPEJTUJOUPBMEFMPTIVNBOPTw
i)PXFWFS-/(HJWFOQPTUDPJUBMMZEPFTOPUQSFWFOUQSFHOBODZJOUIJTQSJNBUF
TQFDJFTBQQBSFOUMZCFDBVTF$BQFMMBIBTBEJGGFSFOUNBUJOHQBUUFSOGSPNUIBU
PGIVNBOTw
0UEDEREVISARSEELRESUMENDEART¤CULOENELCAP¤TULOANTERIOR
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
"3( 6 .& / 5040104*503 &4: "$- " 3 "503 *04
$PNFOUBSJPTBDMBSBUPSJPT
-PTFTUVEJPTOPIBOTJEPNBMJOUFSQSFUBEPTQPSFMDPOUSBSJPFMUÓUVMPNBOJmFTUBDPSSFDUBNFOUF
MPTIBMMB[HPTEFFTUBJOWFTUJHBDJØO1PSPUSPMBEPIBZRVFSFDPSEBSRVFQBSBMBQVCMJDBDJØOEF
FTUPTBSUÓDVMPTFOSFWJTUBTDJFOUÓmDBTQSFTUJHJPTBTDPNP)VNBO3FQSPEVDUJPOEFCFOQSJNFSP
QBTBSQPSVOBSFWJTJØOEFQBSFTFTEFDJSQPSPUSPTJOWFTUJHBEPSFTZFYQFSUPTFOFMUFNBEFMRVF
TFBPCKFUPMBQVCMJDBDJØO
/PFTEJGFSFOUFMBUBTBEFQSF×F[FOUSFMPTHSVQPTUSBUBEPTDPO-/(RVFMBEFMHSVQPDPOUSPM
&OMPTDBTPTRVFFMUSBUBNJFOUPTFBQMJDØDVBOEPFMGPMÓDVMPEPNJOBOUFFSBNFOPSBNNEF
EJÈNFUSPFMNÏUPEPJOIJCJØMBPWVMBDJØO4JOFNCBSHPDVBOEPMBPWVMBDJØOFSBJONJOFOUF
NBZPSPJHVBMBNNEFEJÈNFUSP
FMGÈSNBDPOPUVWPFGFDUPBMHVOPFMFNCBSB[PDPOUJOVØ
&TUPTVDFEFQPSRVFBEJGFSFODJBEFMPTTFSFTIVNBOPTMPTQSJNBUFTDPQVMBOFONPNFOUPT
NVZDFSDBOPTBMBPWVMBDJØOQPSJOTUJOUP
-PTJOWFTUJHBEPSFTSFDPOPDFOMBTMJNJUBDJPOFTEFFYUSBQPMBSMPTSFTVMUBEPTBMPTTFSFTIVNBOPT
-PSFTDBUBCMFFTRVFMBQSPQPSDJØOEFFNCBSB[PTRVFDPOUJOVBCBOOPEJGFSÓBEFMHSVQPDPOUSPM
ZQPSUBOUPOPIBCÓBOFGFDUPTQPTUGFSUJMJ[BDJØO
&GFDUJWBNFOUFFTUBDPODMVTJØOTPCSFFMQBUSØOEFBQBSFBNJFOUPFYQMJDBQPSRVÏMB"0&IPS
NPOBMOPGVODJPOBFOMBTQSJNBUFT$FCVTBQFMMBQFSPOPJOWBMJEBMBTEFNÈTDPODMVTJPOFT
632*_81)3$
> $ 0/$ -64* 0/&4 @ i-BFWJEFODJBDJFOUÓmDBEJTQPOJCMFFOMBBDUVBMJEBEQFSNJUF
BmSNBS UBNCJÏO RVF VOB WF[ PDVSSJEB MB GFDVOEBDJØO MB
"0& OP JOUFSmFSF DPO FM QSPDFTP EF JNQMBOUBDJØO FO FM
FOEPNFUSJPEFMØWVMPGFDVOEBEPw
.JHVFM(VUJÏSSF[1SFTJEFOUF410(
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
&RQFOXVLRQHV
632*_81)3$
> $ 0/$ -64* 0/&4 @ &RQFOXVLRQHV
,AANTICONCEPCINORALDEEMERGENCIA!/%DETIPOHORMONALESEL¢NICOM£TODODISPONIBLE
ENNUESTROPA¤SQUEPERMITEEVITARUNPOSIBLEEMBARAZOTRASUNARELACINSEXUALNOPROTEGIDASEA
PORQUENOSEUSNING¢NM£TODOPORQUESEUSYFALLOPORHABERSIDOV¤CTIMADEUNAVIOLACIN
SEXUAL!CTUALMENTEENEL0ER¢ESTÕNDISPONIBLESELR£GIMENCOMBINADODEDOSHORMONASESTR
GENOYPROGESTERONAYELDESOLOPROGESTÕGENOTALCOMOESMENCIONADOENLAS'U¤AS.ACIONALES
DELA3ALUD)NTEGRALDE3ALUD3EXUALY2EPRODUCTIVAVIGENTES
%SNECESARIORESALTARQUELASINVESTIGACIONESCIENT¤lCASSEDISE¶ANPARARESPONDERPREGUNTASMUY
ESPEC¤lCASYENMUCHASOCASIONESNORESPONDENCONABSOLUTOSSINEMBARGOESTONOQUIEREDECIR
QUESUAPLICABILIDADNOSEPUEDADARUNAVEZCOMPROBADASUSEGURIDAD,EVONORGESTRELESUNA
PROGESTERONASINT£TICAUSADAPORLASMUJERESENFRMULASANTICONCEPTIVASDESDEHACETRESD£CADAS
TIEMPOENELQUEHADEMOSTRADONOCAUSARDA¶OALASALUD,ASINVESTIGACIONESINDICANQUELEVO
NORGESTRELENDOSISDEANTICONCEPCINDEEMERGENCIANODA¶ALAMORFOLOG¤ANILASCARACTER¤STICAS
MOLECULARESDELENDOMETRIOTAMPOCOIMPIDEELFUNCIONAMIENTODELCUERPOL¢TEOPRINCIPALRGA
NOPRODUCTORDEPROGESTERONAHORMONANECESARIAPARALAMANUTENCINDELENDOMETRIO
LOMISMOPARAELR£GIMEN9UZPEAUNQUELASINVESTIGACIONESSONENMENORCANTIDADYAQUESE
PRElEREELR£GIMENDESOLOLEVONORGESTREL
$URAND-#RAVIOTO-2AYMOND%'$URÕN3ÕNCHEZ/#RUZ(INOJOSA-#ASTELL2ODRIGUEZ!3CHIAVON2,ARREA&/NTHEMECHANISMSOFACTIONOF
SHORTTERM,EVONORGESTRELADMINISTRATIONINEMERGENCYCONTRACEPTION#ONTRACEPTION
-ARIONS,(ULTENBY+,INDELL)3UN83TABI"'EMZELL$ANIELSSON+%MERGENCYCONTRACEPTIONWITHMIFEPRISTONEAND,EVONORGESTREL-ECHANISMOF
ACTION/BSTETRICSAND'YNECOLOGY
-ÓLLER!,,LADOS#-#ROXATTO("0OSTCOITALTREATMENTWITH,EVONORGESTRELDOESNOTINTERRUPTPOSTFERTILIZATIONEVENTSINTHERAT#ONTRACEPTION
/RTIZ-%/RTIZ2%&UENTES-!0ARRAGUEZ6(#ROXATTO("0OSTCOITALADMINISTRATIONOF,EVONORGESTRELDOESNOTINTERFEREWITHPOSTFERTILIZATION
EVENTSINTHENEWWORLDMONKEY#EBUSAPELLA(UMAN2EPRODUCTION
#ROXATTO("RACHE60AVEZ-#OCHON,&ORCELLEDO-,!LVAREZ&-ASSAI2&AUNDES!3LAVATIERRA!-0ITUITARYOVARIANFUNCTIONFOLLOWINGTHE
STANDARD,EVONORGESTRELEMERGENCYCONTRACEPTIONDOSEORASINGLEMGDOSEGIVENONTHEDAYSPRECEDINGOVULATION#ONTRACEPTION
#ROXATTO("&UENTEALBA""RACHE63ALVATIERRA!-!LVAREZ&-ASSAI2#OCHON,&AUNDES!%FFECTSOFTHE9UZPEREGIMENGIVENDURINGTHEFOLLICULAR
PHASEONOVARIANFUNCTION#ONTRACEPTION
'RIMES$2AYMOND%%MERGENCYCONTRACEPTION!NN)NTERN-ED
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
!HORA SE SABE QUE EL COMPONENTE DE LA !/% MODERNA DE SOLO PROGESTÕGENO LEVONORGESTREL
FUNCIONAENFORMASIMILARALAPROGESTERONAHORMONAQUEFAVORECELAGESTACINPRODUCIDAPOR
EL OVARIO !DEMÕS EL EFECTO DEL FÕRMACO ES TEMPORAL Y DESPU£S DE HORAS LA CONCENTRACIN
DISMINUYEPUESSEVAMETABOLIZANDOENELH¤GADO3ISEUSAADESTIEMPOELRIESGODEOVULACIN
ESMAYOR0EROSIYAHUBOFECUNDACINLAPROGESTERONAQUEDEMANERANATURALYASEENCUENTRA
ELEVADANODA¶ARÕNIDIlCULTARÕELPROCESODEIMPLANTACINDELEMBRIN
,A/-3ENMARZODELSEPRONUNCIESTABLECIENDOQUELA!/%CONLEVONORGESTRELTIENE
COMOMECANISMODEACCININHIBIRLAOVULACINYQUENOTIENENING¢NMECANISMODEACCIN
SOBREELENDOMETRIO$ESPU£SDELAREVISINYLECTURADELASPUBLICACIONESDEINVESTIGACIONES
CIENT¤lCASSOBREELUSODELEVONORGESTRELENDOSISDE!/%SEPUEDECONCLUIRQUESUSMECANISMOS
DEACCINSONPREVIOSALAFECUNDACINYQUENOTIENENEFECTOSADVERSOSSOBRELAMUJERNISOBREEL
EMBRINENCASODETOMARLOESTANDOINADVERTIDAMENTEEMBARAZADA
7(/,EVONORGESTRELFOREMERGENCYCONTRACEPTION&ACT3HEETn-ARCH
632*_81)3$
> " /&904 @ %FTQVÏT EF MB SFWJTJØO Z MFDUVSB EF MBT QVCMJDBDJPOFT EF
JOWFTUJHBDJPOFTDJFOUÓmDBTTPCSFFMVTPEFMFWPOPSHFTUSFMFO
EPTJT EF "0& TF QVFEF DPODMVJS RVF TVT NFDBOJTNPT EF
BDDJØOTPOQSFWJPTBMBGFDVOEBDJØOZRVFOPUJFOFOFGFDUPT
BEWFSTPT TPCSF MB NVKFS OJ TPCSF FM FNCSJØO FO DBTP EF
UPNBSMPFTUBOEPJOBEWFSUJEBNFOUFFNCBSB[BEB
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
$QH[RV
> " /&904 @ $QH[R
ÌQGLFHGHSXEOLFDFLRQHVFLHQWtÀFDVVREUH
DQWLFRQFHSFLyQRUDOGHHPHUJHQFLDKDVWDHO
3XEOLFDFLRQHVGHO
.VOVDF.+/BTDJNFOUP+""
3PTBOP('BVOEFT"4BCPZB
#SJUP,#BIBNPOEFT-*OWJUSP
FGGFDUPG-FWPOPSHFTUSFMPO
TQFSNGFSUJMJ[JOHDBQBDJUZBOE
NPVTFFNCSZPEFWFMPQNFOU
$POUSBDFQUJPO
8ZOO-5SVTTFMM+5IFNPSOJOH
BGUFSPOUIFJOUFSOFUVTBHFPG
BOERVFTUJPOTUPUIFFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOXFCTJUF
$POUSBDFQUJPO
8BO34'-P45"SFXPNFOSFBEZ
GPSNPSFMJCFSBMEFMJWFSZPG
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPOQJMMT $POUSBDFQUJPO
%VSBO.4FQQBMB.$SBWJPUP
.$,PJTUJOFO),PJTUJOFO3
(PO[BMFT.BDFEP+-BSSFB'-BUF
GPMMJDVMBSQIBTFBENJOJTUSBUJPO
PG-FWPOPSHFTUSFMBTBO
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJWF
DIBOHFTTFDSFUBSZQBUUFSO
PGHMZDPEFMJOJOTFSVNBOE
FOEPNFUSJVNEVSJOHUIFMVUFBM
QIBTFPGUIFNFOTUSVBMDZDMF
$POUSBDFQUJPO
,JWFT4)BIO1.8IJUF&4UBOD[ZL
';3FJE3-#JPBWBJMBCJMJUZPG
UIF:V[QFBOE-FWPOPSHFTUSFM
SFHJNFOTPGFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOWBHJOBMWTPSBM
BENJOJTUSBUJPO$POUSBDFQUJPO
.BS
1SVJUU4-.VMMFO1%$POUSBDFQUJPO
PSBCPSUJPO *OBDDVSBUF
EFTDSJQUJPOTPGFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOJOOFXTQBQFS
BSUJDMFT
$POUSBDFQUJPO
/HBJ48'BO4-J4$IFOH-
%JOH++JOH9/H&))P1$"
SBOEPNJ[FEUSJBMUPDPNQBSF
IWFSTVTIEPVCMFEPTF
SFHJNFOPG-FWPOPSHFTUSFMGPS
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO)VN
3FQSPE+BO
3BJOF53)BSQFS$$3PDDB$)
'JTDIFS31BEJBO/,MBVTFOFS
+%%BSOFZ1%%JSFDUBDDFTT
UPFNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
UISPVHIQIBSNBDJFTBOEFGGFDU
POVOJOUFOEFEQSFHOBODZBOE
45*TBSBOEPNJ[FEDPOUSPMMFE
USJBM+"."+BO
3XEOLFDFLRQHVGHO
$IFOH-(àMNF[PHMV".&[DVSSB
&7BO-PPL1'"*OUFSWFOUJPOT
GPSFNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
$PDISBOF3FWJFX
*O5IF
$PDISBOF-JCSBSZ*TTVF
0YGPSE6QEBUF4PGUXBSF
8FJTNJMMFS%&NFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPO"NFSDJBO'BNJMZ
1IZTJDJBO
#SPEZ4DIPPMPG.FEJDJOFBU&BTU
$BSPMJOB6OJWFSTJUZ(SFFOWJMMF
/PSUI$BSPMJOB
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
$PF"#'SPNBOUJOBUBMJTUUP
VMUSBDPOTFSWBUJWFSFTUSJDUJOH
SFQSPEVDUJWFDIPJDFJO1FSV
3FQ)FBMUI.BUUFST
$SPYBUUP)#SBDIF71BWF[
.$PDIPO-'PSDFMMFEP.-
"MWBSF['.BTTBJ3'BVOEFT"
4MBWBUJFSSB".1JUVJUBSZPWBSJBO
GVODUJPOGPMMPXJOHUIFTUBOEBSE
-FWPOPSHFTUSFMFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOEPTFPSBTJOHMF
NHEPTFHJWFOPOUIF
EBZTQSFDFEJOHPWVMBUJPO
$POUSBDFQUJPO
'BJSIVSTU,;JFCMOBE48ZLF4
4FBNBO1(MBTJFS"&NFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPO8IZDBOU
ZPVHJWFJUBXBZ 2VBMJUBUJWF
mOEJOHTGSPNBOFWBMVBUJPO
PGBEWBODFQSPWJTJPOPG
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
$POUSBDFQUJPO
.FISPUSB1,,JUDIDMV4%XFWFEJ
""HOJIPUSJ1,4SJWBTUBWB43PZ
3#IBEVSJ"1&NFUJOFEJUBSUSBUF
BQPTTJCMFMFBEGPSFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPO$POUSBDFQUJPO
o
.BSJPOT-$FLBO4#ZHEFNBO.
(FN[FMM%BOJFMTTPO,&GGFDUPG
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPOXJUI
-FWPOPSHFTUSFMPSNJGFQSJTUPOF
POPWBSJBOGVODUJPO
$POUSBDFQUJPO
(PMEFO.8IJUUJOHUPO-
)BOETmFME)$MBSL".BMJOTLJ$
)FMNFST+)PHCFO.)PMNFT
UIFOFXXPSMENPOLFZ$FCVT
,'BJMVSFPGGBNJMZQMBOOJOH
SFGFSSBMBOEIJHIJOUFSFTUJO
BQFMMB)VNBO3FQSPEVDUJPO
BEWBODFTQSPWJTJPOFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOBNPOHXPNFO
DPOUBDUFEGPS45%QBSUOFS
OPUJmDBUJPO$POUSBDFQUJPO
(MBTJFS"'BJSIVSTU,8ZLF4
;JFCMBOE44FBNBO18BMLFS+
,JMMJDL43*SWJOH("OBUJPOBM
TUVEZFYBNJOJOHUIFFGGFDUPG
NBLJOHFNFSHFODZIPSNPOBM
DPOUSBDFQUJPOBWBJMBCMFXJUIPVU
QSFTDSJQUJPO)VN3FQSPE
.BS
"SPXPKPMV"00LFXPMF*"7BHJOBM
8BMMBDF+8V+8FJOTUFJO+
(PSFOnP%'FUUFST.&NFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPO,OPXMFEHFBOE
BUUJUVEFTPGGBNJMZNFEJDJOF
QSPWJEFST$MJOJDBMSFTFBSDIBOE
NFUIPET7PM/+VOF
$SPYBUUP)#;FHFST'
"OUJDPODFQDJØOEF&NFSHFODJB
DJFODJBZNPSBM&M.FSDVSJP
NBZP
-BLIB'"EWBODFEQSPWJTJPO
PGFNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
CMFFEJOHGPMMPXJOHUIFVTF
PGBTJOHMFEPTFPGNH
EPFTOPUSFEVDFBCPSUJPOSBUFT
$POUSBDFQUJPO
-FWPOPSHFTUSFM-/(
GPS
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO8FTU
EFFNFSHFODJB3FWJTUB
FDVBUPSJBOBEFHJOFDPMPHÓBZ
"GS+.FE+VM4FQ
PCTUFUSJDJB7PM9*/&OFSP
"HPTUP
(FN[FMM%BOJFMTTPO,.BSJPOT
-.FDIBOJTNPGBDUJPOPG
NJGFQSJTUPOFBOE-FWPOPSHFTUSFM
XIFOVTFEGPSFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPO)VNBO
(PME."8PMGPSE+&4NJUI
,"1BSLFS".5IFFGGFDU
PGBEWBODFQSPWJTJPOPG
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPOPO
3FQSPEVDUJPO6QEBUF
"CVBCBSB,#FDLFS%&MMFSUTPO$
#MBODIBSE,4DIJBWPO3(BSDJB4
"TPGUFOBTOFFEFEBQQSPQSJBUF
VTFPGFNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJWF
BEPMFTDFOUXPNFOTTFYVBMBOE
DPOUSBDFQUJWFCFIBWJPST+1FEJBUS
"EPMFTD(ZOFDPM
*OUFSOBUJPOBM$POTPSUJVNGPS
&NFSHFODZ$POUSBDFQUJPO
&NFSHFODZ$POUSBDFQUJWF1JMMT
QJMMT$PNNFOUBSZ$POUSBDFQUJPO
3PNP-#FSFOTPO"8V)5IF
SPMFPGNJTDPODFQUJPOTPO
-BUJOPXPNFOTBDDFQUBODF
PGFNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
$POUSBDFQUJPO
8FCC"4IPDIFU5#JHSJHH
"-PGUVT(SOBCFSH#5ZSFS"
(BMMBHIFS+)FTLFUI$&GGFDU
PGIPSNPOBMDPOUSBDFQUJPOPO
CMFFEJOHQBUUFSOT$POUSBDFQUJPO
3BZNPOE&5BZMPS%5SVTTFMM
+4UFJOFS..JOJNVN
FGGFDUJWFOFTTPGUIF
-FWPOPSHFTUSFMSFHJNFOPG
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
$POUSBDFQUJPO
0SUJ[.&0SUJ[3&'VFOUFT."
1BSSBHVF[7)$SPYBUUP)#
1PTUDPJUBMBENJOJTUSBUJPOPG
-FWPOPSHFTUSFMEPFTOPUJOUFSGFSF
XJUIQPTUGFSUJMJ[BUJPOFWFOUTJO
.FEJDBMBOE4FSWJDF%FMJWFSZ
(VJEFMJOFT4FDPOE&EJUJPO
)BSQFS$3PDDB$%BSOFZ1%WPO
)FSU[FO)3BJOF55PMFSBCJMJUZ
PG-FWPOPSHFTUSFMFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOJOBEPMFTDFOUT
"N+0CTUFU(ZOFDPM
'PTUFS%)BSQFS$#MFZ++
.JLBOEB++*OEVOJ.4BWJBOP
&$4UFXBSU',OPXMFEHFPG
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
BNPOHXPNFOBHFEUPJO
$BMJGPSOJB"N+0CTUFU(ZOFDPM
5SVTTFMM+&MMFSUTPO$4UFXBSU'
3BZNPOE&4IPDIFU55IFSPMFPG
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO"N+
0CTUFU(ZOFDPM
4
3PCMFT&.VSJMMP.#BTFT
$JFOUÓmDBTEFMB"OUJDPODFQDJØO
EF&NFSHFODJB3FWJTUB
FDVBUPSJBOBEFHJOFDPMPHÓBZ
PCTUFUSJDJB7PM9*/
3PCMF&.VSJMMP.#BTFT
DJFOUÓmDBTEFMBBOUJDPODFQDJØO
3XEOLFDFLRQHVGHO
'BVOEFT"#SBDIF7"MWBSF[
'&NFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
oDMJOJDBMBOEFUIJDBMBTQFDUT
*OUFSOBUJPOBM+PVSOBMPG(ZOFDPMPHZ
BOE0CTUFUSJDT
-FNJOFO33BOUB4WPO)FSU[FO
)0FIMFS+)FJLJOIFJNP0
1IBSNBDPLJOFUJDTPGNHPG
NJGFQSJTUPOF$POUSBDFQUJPO
o
)FJLJOIFJNP0,FLLPOFO
3-ÊIUFFONÊLJ15IF
QIBSNBDPLJOFUJDTPG
NJGFQSJTUPOFJOIVNBOTSFWFBMT
JOTJHIUTJOUPEJGGFSFOUJBM
NFDIBOJTNTPGBOUJQSPHFTUJO
BDUJPO$POUSBDFQUJPO
o
#FOOFUU81FUSBJUJT$%«OFMMB
".BSDFMMB41IBSNBDJTUT}
LOPXMFEHFBOEUIFEJGmDVMUZ
PGPCUBJOJOHFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPO$POUSBDFQUJPO
#BIBNPOEFT-/BTDJNFOUP+""
.VOVDF.+'B[BOP''BVOEFT"
5IFJOWJUSPPG-FWPOPSHFTUSFMPO
UIFBDSPTPNFSFBDUJPOPGIVNBO
TQFSNBUP[PBGSPNGFSUJMFNFO
632*_81)3$
> " /&904 @ $POUSBDFQUJPO
#VTRVFUT.$POUSBDFQDJØO
EFFNFSHFODJBFGFDUPQPTU
GFSUJMJ[BDJØOEFM-FWPOPSHFTUSFM
3FW$IJM0CTUFU(JOFDPM
$SPYBUUP)#0SUJ[.&.àMMFS
'BMTFSJTLBUUSJCVUJPOSFTVMUT
JONJTMFBEJOHBTTFTTNFOU
PGUIFSFMBUJPOTIJQCFUXFFO
TVQQSFTTJPOPGPWVMBUJPO
BOEUIFFGGFDUJWFOFTTPGUIF
:V[QFSFHJNFOGPSFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOUPIPVST
0CTUFU(ZOFDPM+VO
-JOECFSH$&&NFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOGPSQSFWFOUJPOPG
BEPMFTDFOUQSFHOBODZ.$/".
+.BUFSO$IJME/VST.BZ+VO
"-.FDIBOJTNPGBDUJPOPG
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
DPOUSBDFQUJPO"OE$SPYBUUP
)#3FTQPOTFMPMFUUFSGSPN
4UFSPJET
3BGBFM.JLPMBKD[ZLBOE+PTFQI#
"&YQBOEJOHBDDFTTUP
4UBOEGPSE-FUUFS$POUSBDFQUJPO
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO5IF
DBTFPG#SB[JMBOE$PMPNCJB
4BSLBS/.-FWPOPSHFTUSFMBT
BOFNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
ESVH*OU+$MJO1SBDU/PW
4UFXBSU)&(PME."1BSLFS
".5IFJNQBDUPGVTJOH
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPOPO
SFQSPEVDUJWFIFBMUIPVUDPNFTB
SFUSPTQFDUJWFSFWJFXJOBOVSCBO
BEPMFTDFOUDMJOJD+1FEJUS"EPMTD
(ZOFDPM0DU
(FN[FMM%BOJFMTTPO,.BOEM*
.BSJPOT-.FDIBOJTNTPGBDUJPO
PGNJGFQSJTUPOFXIFOVTFEGPS
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
$POUSBDFQUJPO
o
5SVTTFMM+&MMFSUTPO$%PSnJOHFS
-&GGFDUJWFOFTTPGUIF:V[QF
SFHJNFOPGFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOCZDZDMFEBZ
PGJOUFSDPVSTFJNQMJDBUJPOT
GPSNFDIBOJTNPGBDUJPO
$POUSBDFQUJPO
4BN3PXMBOET$PNNFOUBSZ
POSFQFBUFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPO-FUUFS
$POUSBDFQUJPO
.àMMFS"--MBEPT$.$SPYBUUP
)#1PTUDPJUBMUSFBUNFOU
XJUI-FWPOPSHFTUSFMEPFTOPU
JOUFSSVQUQPTUGFSUJMJ[BUJPO
FWFOUTJOUIFSBU$POUSBDFQUJPO
#MBODIBSE,#VOHBZ)'VSFEJ
"4BOEFS-&WBMVBUJPOPGBO
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
BEWBODFQSPWJTJPOTFSWJDF
$POUSBDFQUJPO.BZ
.JLPMBKD[ZL34UBOEGPSE+#
4IFGGFS.JONPVOJ(1BV[OFS%
.BTMPWJUDI4-FTTJOH+(BN[V3
&DUPQJDQSFHOBODJFTGPMMPXJOH
FNFSHFODZ-FWPOPSHFTUSFM
DPOUSBDFQUJPO$POUSBDFQUJPO
MFUUFST
5SVTTFMM+&MMFSUTPO$$PO
)FSU[FO)#JHSJHH"XFCC"
&WBOT.'FSEFO4-FBECFUUFS$
&TUJNBUJOHUIFFGGFDUJWFOFTTPG
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJWFQJMMT
$POUSBDFQUJPO
MFUUFS
(BJOFS&4PMMFU$6MNBOO.
-ÏWZ%6MNBOO"4VSmOHPO
UIFNPSOJOHBGUFSBOBMZTJTPG
BOFNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
XFCTJUFT$POUSBDFQUJPO
MFUUFS
5SVTTFM+&MMFSUTPO$%PSnJOHFS
-&GGFDUJWFOFTTPGUIF:V[QF
SFHJNFOPGFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOCZDZDMFEBZ
PGJOUFSDPVSTFJNQMJDBUJPOT
GPSNFDIBOJTNPGBDUJPO
$POUSBDFQUJPO
3BZNPOE&($IFO1-%BMFCPVU
4.i"DUVBMVTFwTUVEZPG
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJWFQJMMT
QSPWJEFEJOBTJNVMBUFEPWFS
UIFDPVOUFSNBOOFS0CTUFU
(ZOFDPM+VM
&MMFSUTPO$&WBOT.'FSEFO4
-FBECFUUFS$4QFBST"+PIOTUPOF
,5SVTTFMM+&YUFOEJOHUIF
UJNFMJNJUGPSTUBSUJOHUIF
:V[QFSFHJNFOPGFNFSHFODZ
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
)FJNCVSHFS"(SBT$(VFEFT
3FQSPEVDUJWF)FBMUINBUUFST
%JB[4)BSEZ&"MWBSBEP(
&[DVSSB&"DDFQUBCJMJUZPG
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
JO#SB[JM$IJMFBOE.FYJDP
GBDJMJUBUJOHGBDUPSTWFSTVT
PCTUBDMFT$BE4BVEF1VCMJDB
+BDLTPO34DIXBS[&'SFFENBO
-%BSOFZ1"EWBODFTVQQMZ
PGFNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
FGGFDUPOVTFBOEVTVBM
DPOUSBDFQUJPOoBSBOEPNJ[FE
USJBM"N$PMM0CTUFU(ZOFDPM
+VMZ
&MMFSUTPO$8FCC"#MBODIBSE,
#JHSJHH")BTLFMM44DIPDIFU5
5SVTTFMM+.PEJGZJOHUIF:V[QF
SFHJNFOPGFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPO"NVMUJDFOUFS
SBOEPNJ[FEDPOUSPMMFEUSJBM"N$PMM
0CTUFU(ZOFDPM
+VOF
3XEOLFDFLRQHVGHO
7PO)FSU[FO)ZDPM-PXEPTF
NJGFQSJTUPOFBOEUXPSFHJNFOT
PG-FWPOPSHFTUSFMGPSFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOB8)0
NVMUJDFOUSFSBOEPNJ[FEUSJBM5IF
-BODFU7PM%FD
:FVOH8$IJV18BOH$)
:BP:2)P15IFFGGFDUTPG
-FWPOPSHFTUSFMPOWBSJPVT
TQFSNGVODUJPOT$POUSBDFQUJPO
-FWPOPSHFTUSFM.FDIBOJTNPG
6HPDTBJ(3Ø[TB.6HPDTBJ1
4DBOOJOHFMFDUSPONJDSPTDPQF
4&.
DIBOHFTPGUIF
FOEPNFUSJVNJOXPNFOUBLJOH
BDUJPO0CTUFUSJDTBOE(ZOFDPMPHZ
,BIMFOCPSO$4UBOEGPSE+#
-BSJNPSF8-1PTUGFSUJMJ[BUJPO
IJHIEPTFTPG-FWPOPSHFTUSFM
BTFNFSHFODZQPTUDPJUBM
DPOUSBDFQUJPO$POUSBDFQUJPO
(PVME)&MMFSUTPO$$PSPOB
(,OPXMFEHFBOEBUUJUVEFT
BCPVUUIFEJGGFSFODFTCFUXFFO
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
BOENFEJDBMBCPSUJPOBNPOH
NJEEMFDMBTTXPNFOBOENFO
74BMWBUJFSSB"."MWBSF['.BTTBJ
3$PDIPO-'BVOEFT"&GGFDUT
PGUIF:V[QFSFHJNFOHJWFO
EVSJOHUIFGPMMJDVMBSQIBTFPO
PWBSJBOGVODUJPO$POUSBDFQUJPO
4IFMUPO+%3FQFBUFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOGBDJOHPVSGFBST
$POUSBDFQUJPO
)BNFM31BOJDPMB.&NFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOBOETFYVBM
BTTBVMU)FBMUI1SPHSFTTTFQPDU
+PIBOTTPO&#SBDIF7"MWBSF[
''BVOEFT"$PDIPO-
3BOUB4-PWFSO.,VNBS/
1IBSNBDPLJOFUJDTUVEZPG
EJGGFSFOUEPTJOHSFHJNFOTPG
-FWPOPSHFTUSFMGPSFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOJOIFBMUIZ
XPNFO)VNBO3FQSPEVDUJPO
1IBN"&NFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOQPTUDPJUBM
DPOUSBDFQUJPO
+0LMB4UBUF.FE
"TTPD+VO
.BSJPOT-)VMUFOCZ,-JOEFMM*
4VO94UBCJ#(FN[FMM%BOJFMTTPO
,&NFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
XJUINJGFQSJTUPOFBOE
8JMDPY"+%VOTPO%#8FJOCFSH
$35SVTTFMM+#BJSE%%
-JLFMJIPPEPGDPODFQUJPOXJUI
FGGFDUPGIPSNPOBMFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPO5IFBOOBMTPG
BTJOHMFBDUPGJOUFSDPVSTF
QSPWJEJOHCFODINBSLSBUFT
1IBSNBDPUIFSBQZ.BSDI
7PM
GPSBTTFTTNFOUPGQPTUDPJUBM
(SJNFT%3BZNPOE&
&NFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO"OO
*OUFSO.FE
445-P$VSSFOUQFSTQFDUJWFTPO
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO)POH
,OPH.FE+
PGSFQSPEVDUJWFBHFJO.FYJDP
$JUZ$POUSBDFQUJPO%FD
$SPYBUUP)#'VFOUFBMCB##SBDIF
DPOUSBDFQUJPO$POUSBDFQUJPO
DPOUSBDFQUJWFT$POUSBDFQUJPO
)BQBOHBNB%(MBTJFS"'
#BJSE%55IFFGGFDUTPGQFSJ
PWVMBUPSZBENJOJTUSBUJPO
PG-FWPOPSHFTUSFMPOUIF
NFOTUSVBMDZDMF$POUSBDFQUJPO
$SPYBUUP)#%FWPUP-%SFOBE
3XEOLFDFLRQHVGHO
$PPL3+%JDLFOT#./HXFOB
$1MBUB.*5IFMFHBMTUBUVT
PGFNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
*OUFSOBUJPOBM+PVSOBMPG(ZOFDPMPHZ
BOE0CTUFUSJDT
6/%06/'1"8)08PSME#BOL
4QFDJBM1SPHSBNNFPG3FTFBSDI
%FWFMPQNFOUBOE3FTFBSDI
5SBJOJOHJO)VNBO3FQSPEVDUJPO
)31
6TFPGFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJWFQJMMTDPVMEIBMWF
UIFJOEVDFEBCPSUJPOSBUFJO
4IBOHBJ$IJOB4PDJBMTDJFODF
SFTFBSDIQPMJDZCSJFGT4FSJFT
/P+VOF
(PO[BMP)FSSBO[*ODFSUJEVNCSFT
DJFOUÓmDBTZSFUPTÏUJDPTEF
MBQÓMEPSBEFMEÓBTJHVJFOUF
%FQBSUBNFOUPEF)VNBOJEBEFT
#JPNÏEJDBT6OJWFSTJEBEEF
/BWBSSB%JBSJP.ÏEJDPZEF
BCSJMZEFNBZPEFM
%VSBOE.$SBWJPUP.3BZNPOE
&(%VSÈO4ÈODIF[0$SV[
)JOPKPTB.$BTUFMM3PESJHVF[
"4DIJBWPO3-BSSFB'0O
UIFNFDIBOJTNTPGBDUJPOPG
TIPSUUFSN-FWPOPSHFTUSFM
BENJOJTUSBUJPOJOFNFSHFODZ
.&[DVSSB&-BSSFB'5BHMF$
0SUJ[.&7BOUNBO%7FHB.WPO
)FSU[FO).FDIBOJTNPGBDUJPO
PGIPSNPOBMQSFQBSBUJPOTVTFE
GPSFNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
BSFWJFXPGUIFMJUFSBUVSF
$POUSBDFQUJPO
3PESJHVFT*(SPV'+PMZ+
&GGFDUJWFOFTTPGFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJWFQJMMTCFUXFFO
BOEIPVSTBGUFS
VOQSPUFDUFETFYVBMJOUFSDPVSTF
"N+0CTUFU(ZCFDPM.BSDI
3XEOLFDFLRQHVGHO
6/%06/'1"8)08PSME#BOL
4QFDJBM1SPHSBNNFPG3FTFBSDI
%FWFMPQNFOUBOE3FTFBSDI5SBJOJOH
JO)VNBO3FQSPEVDUJPO)31
5BTL
'PSDFPO1PTUPWVMBUPSZNFUIPET
GPSGFSUJMJUZSFHVMBUJPO&GmDBDZ
BOETJEFFGGFDUTPGJNNFEJBUF
QPTUDPJUBM-FWPOPSHFTUSFMVTFE
SFQFBUFEMZGPSDPOUSBDFQUJPO
$POUSBDFQUJPO
8FSUIFJNFS3&&NFSHFODZ
QPTUDPJUBMDPOUSBDFQUJPO"NFSJDBO
'BNJMZ1IZTJDJBO/PW
3BZNPOE&-PWFMZ-$IFO.PL
.4FQQBÊMÊ.,VSNBO3-FTTFZ
632*_81)3$
> " /&904 @ #&GGFDUPGUIF:V[QFSFHJNFO
PGFNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
PONBSLFSTPGFOEPNFUSJBM
SFDFQUJWJUZ)VNBO3FQSPEVDUJPO
3BJOF5IBSQFS$-FPO,%BSOFZ
1&NFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
BEWBODFQSPWJTJPOJOBZPVOH
IJHISJTLDMJOJDQPQVMBUJPO0CTUFU
(ZOFDPM+VMZ
$BUBMEP1.PSBD[FXTLJ"
1FMMFHSJOP&".BOVBMGPSFUIJDT
DPNNJUUFFT$BUIPMJDIFBMUI$BSF
&UIJDT+VOF
)BZFT.)VUDIJOHT+)BZFT
13FEVDJOHVOJOUFOEFE
QSFHOBODZCZJODSFBTJOH
BDDFTTUPFNFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPO.BUFSOBMBOE$IJME
)FBMUI+PVSOBMWPM/
3XEOLFDFLRQHVGHORV
$IBOHIBJI:POHFO4%JOH
MJOH-:VFIVB;+JBORJV9
7JODF1.'PUIFSCZ,7BO-PPL
1'"$PNQBSBUJWFDSPTT
PWFSQIBSNBDPLJOFUJDTUVEZ
POUXPUZQFTPGQPTUPDJUBM
DPOUSBDFQUJWFUBCMFUTDPOUBJOJOH
-FWPOPSHFTUSFM$POUSBDFQUJPO.BZ
7PM/
8JMDPY"#BJSE%8FJOCFSH
$5JNFPGJNQMBOUBUJPOPG
UIFDPODFQUVTBOEMPTTPG
QSFHOBODZ5IF/FX&OHMBOE
+PVSOBMPG.FEJDJOF7PM/
+VOF
5SVTTFMM+3BZNPOE&4UBUJTUJDBM
FWJEFODFBCVUUIFNFDIBOJTN
PGBDUJPOPGUIF:V[QFSFHJNFO
PGFNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO
0CTUFUSJDTBOE(ZOFDPMPHZWPM
/QBSU.BZ
1JBHHJP(7PO)FSU[FO)
7BO-PPL1'"5JNJOHPG
&NFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPOXJUI
-FWPOPSHFTUSFMPSUIF:V[QF
SFHJNFO5IF-BODFU7PM'FC
5BTL'PSDFPO1PTUPWVMBUPSZ
5BTLJO0#SPXO38:PVOH%$
1PJOUEFYUFS"/8JFIMF3%)JHI
EPTFTPGPSBMDPOUSBDFQUJWFTEP
.FUIPETPG'FSUJMJUZ3FHVMBUJPO
3BOEPNJ[FEDPOUSPMMFEUSJBM
OPUBMUFSFOEPNFUSJBMBMQIB
BOEBMQIB7CFUBJOUFHSJOTJO
PG-FWPOPSHFTUSFMWFSTVTUIF
:V[QFSFHJNFOPGDPNCJOFE
UIFMBUFJNQMBOUBUJPOXJOEPX
'FSUJM4UFSJM.BZ
PSBMDPOUSBDFQUJWFTGPS
FNFSHFODZDPOUSBDFQUJPO5IF
-BODFU7PM/
,VCCB"8JMLJOTPO$&NFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOVQEBUF#S+'BN
1MBOO+BO
(MBTJFS"&NFSHFODZ1PTUDPJUBM
$POUSBDFQUJPO5IF/FX&OHMBOE
+PVSOBMPG.FEJDJOF7PM/
$IFOHIBJ)F:POHFO4IJ%JOH
-JOH-:VF)VB;+JBORJV9
.BUMJO4"7JODF1.'PUIFSCZ
,WBO-PPL1'"$PNQBSBUJWF
DSPTTPWFSQIBSNBDPLJOFUJD
TUVEZPOUXPUZQFTPG
QPTUDPJUBMDPOUSBDFQUJWFUBCMFUT
DPOUBJOJOH-FWPOPSHFTUSFM
$POUSBDFQUJPONBZ
4XBIO.-8FTUMVOE1
+PIBOOJTTPO&#ZHEFNBO
.&GGFDUPGQPTUDPJUBM
DPOUSBDFQUJWFNFUIPETPO
UIFFOEPNFUSJVNBOEUIF
NFOTUSVBMDZDMF"DUB0CTUFU
(ZOFDPM4DBOE4FQ
)FMFOBWPO)FSU[FO7BO-PPL
1'"3FTFBSDIPO/FX.FUIPET
PG&NFSHFODZ$POUSBDFQUJPO
*OUFSOBUJPOBM'BNJMZ1MBOOJOH
1FSTQFDUJWFTWPM/+VOF
8JMDPY"8FJOCFSH$#BJSE%
5JNJOHPGTFYVBMJOUFSDPVSTF
JOSFMBUJPOUPPWVMBUJPO5IF
/FX&OHMBOE+PVSOBMPG.FEJDJOF
7PM/
4IJSMFZ##VOESFO+$.D,JOOFZ4
-FWPOPSHFTUSFMBTBQPTUDPJUBM
DPOUSBDFQUJWF$POUSBDFQUJPO
/PW
:PVOH%$8JFIMF3%+PTIJ4(
1PJOEFYUFS"/SE&NFSHFODZ
DPOUSBDFQUJPOBMUFST
QSPHFTUFSPOFBTTPDJBUFE
FOEPNFUSJVNQSPUFJOJOTFSVN
BOEVUFSJOFMVNJOBMnVJE0CTUFU
(ZOFDPM"VH
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
3XEOLFDFLRQHVGHORV\
-BOEHSFO#.+PIBOJTTPO&"FEP
"3:POHFO45IFFGGFDUPG
-FWPOPSHFTUSFMBENJOJTUSBUFE
JOMBSHFEPTFTBUEJGGFSFOU
TUBHFTPGUIFDZDMFPOPWBSJBO
GVODUJPOBOEFOEPNFUSJBM
NPSQIPMPHZ$POUSBDFQUJPO7PM
1FSDJWBM4NJUI3,"CFSDSPNCJF#
1PTUDPJUBMDPOUSBDFQUJPOTPNF
DIBSBDUFSJTUJDTPGXPNFOXIP
VTFUIJTNFUIPE$POUSBDFQUJPO
"QS
1FSDJWBM4NJUI3,"CFSDSPNCJF#
1PTUDPJUBMDPOUSBDFQUJPOXJUI
EMOPSHFTUSFMFUIJOZMFTUSBEJPM
DPNCJOBUJPOTJYZFBST
FYQFSJFODFJOBTUVEFOU
NFEJDBMDMJOJD$POUSBDFQUJPO
4FQ
,VCCB""8IJUF+0(VJMMFCBVE
+&MEFS.(5IFCJPDIFNJTUSZ
PGIVNBOFOEPNFUSJVNBGUFS
UXPSFHJNFOTPGQPTUPDPJUBM
DPOUSBDFQUJPOBEMOPSHFTUSFM
FUIJOZMFTUSBEJPMDPNCJOBUJPOPS
EBOB[PM'FSUJM4UFSJM"QS
:V[QF""1PTUDPJUBM
DPOUSBDFQUJPO$MJO0CTUFU
(ZOBFDPM%FD
6HPDTBJ(3FTDI#5SBVC"4BT
.#JPMPHJDBMNJDSPTDPQJDBOE
TDBOOJOHFMFDUSPONJDSPTDPQJD
JOWFTUJHBUJPOTPGUIFFGGFDUT
***&GGFDUPGQSFPWVMBUPSZ
4DIJMMJOH-)"OBMUFSOBUJWFUP
BENJOJTUSBUJPOGPMMPXJOHUIF
MVUFJOJ[JOHIPSNPOFTTVSHFPO
UIFVTFPGIJHIEPTFFTUSPHFOT
GPSQPTUDPJUBMDPOUSBDFQUJPO+
PWBSJBOTUFSPJEPHFOFTJT'FSUJM
4UFSJM/PW
"N$PMM)FBMUI"TTPD"QS
-JOH8:8SJYPO8;BZJE*"DPSO
51PQBU38JMTPO&.PEFPG
&,FTTFSà'(BSNFOEJB/
8FTUQIBM+1BSBEB5IFIPSNPOBM
PG1PTUJOPSEOPSHFTUSFMJO
SBCCJUT$POUSBDFQUJPO"VH
BDUJPOPGEMOPSHFTUSFMBOE
FUIJOZMFTUSBEJPMDPNCJOBUJPO
BOEQFSJQIFSBMFGGFDUTPG
%OPSHFTUSFMJOQPTUDPJUBM
JOQPTUDPJUBMDPOUSBDFQUJPO
DPOUSBDFQUJPO$POUSBDFQUJPO
**&GGFDUPGQPTUPWVMBUPSZ
BENJOJTUSBUJPOPOPWBSJBO
7PMVNF*TTVF0DUPCFS
1BHFT%FQBSUBNFOUPEF
GVODUJPOBOEFOEPNFUSJVN'FSUJM
4UFSJM.BS
PCTUFUSJDJBZHJOFDPMPHÓB6OJWFSTJEBE
i$BZFUBOP)FSFEJBwZ*OTUJUVUPEF
4DIJMMJOH-)"XBSFOFTTPG
UIFFYJTUFODFPGQPTUPDJUBM
DPOUSBDFQUJPOBNPOHTUVEFOUT
XIPIBWFIBEBUIFSBQFVUJD
BCPSUJPO+"N$PMM)FBMUI
+VO
-JOH8:8SJYPO8;BZJE*"DPSO
:V[QF""4NJUI313BEFNBLFS
"8"NVMUJDFOUFSDMJOJDBM
JOWFTUJHBUJPOFNQMPZJOH
51PQBU38JMTPO&.PEFPG
BDUJPOPGEMOPSHFTUSFMBOE
FUIJOZMFTUSBEJPMDPNCJOFT
XJUIEMOPSHFTUSFMBTQPTUDPJUBM
FUIJOZMFTUSBEJPMDPNCJOBUJPO
JOQPTUDPJUBMDPOUSBDFQUJPO
DPOUSBDFQUJWFBHFOU'FSUJ4UFSM
"QS
*OWFTUJHBDJØO.BSDFMJOP-JNB1FSÞ
:V[QF""5IVSMPX)+3BN[Z
*-FZTIPO+*1PTUDPJUBM
DPOUSBDFQUJPOo"QJMPUTUVEZ+
3FQSPE.FE"VH
632*_81)3$
> " /&904 @ $QH[R
$QWLFRQFHSFLyQRUDOGHHPHUJHQFLDHQHOPXQGR
B
/PIBZQSPEVDUPEFEJDBEPEJTQPOJCMF
C
4JOSFDFUBNÏEJDB D
&&66TJOSFDFUBNÏEJDBFO"MBTLB$BMJGPSOJB)BXÈJ.BJOF/FX.ÏYJDPZ8BTIJOHUPO
/$ OPTFDPOPDF
3FHJØO1BÓT
"0&
$PHULFD\(O&DULEH
"OUJHVB
4JB
"OUJMMBT)PMBOEFTBT
"SHFOUJOB
"SVCB
#BIBNBT
4JC
4J
4J
4JB
#BSCBEPT
#FMJDF
#FSNVEB
#PMJWJB
#SBTJM
4J
4JB
4JB
4J
4J
$BOBEB
$IJMF
4JC
4J
$PMPNCJB
$PTUB3JDB
$VCB
%PNJOJDB
&DVBEPS
&&66
&M4BMWBEPS
(SBOBEB
(VBUFNBMB
(VZBOB
(VZBOB'SBODFTB
)BJUÓ
)POEVSBT
+BNBJDB
.ÏYJDP
/JDBSBHVB
1BOBNÈ
1BSBHVBZ
1FSÞ
1VFSUP3JDP
4J
4JB
4J
4JB
4J
4JD
4J
4JB
4JB
4JB
4JC
4JB
4JB
4JC
4J
4J
4JB
4J
4J
4J
3FHJØO1BÓT
3FQ%PNJOJDBOB
4VSJOBN
5SJOJEBEZ5PCBHP
6SVHVBZ
7FOF[VFMB
"0&
4J
4JB
4J
4J
4J
(XURSD
"MCBOJB
"MFNBOJB
"OEPSSB
"VTUSJB
4JC
4J
/$
4J
#FMBSVT
#ÏMHJDB
#PTOJB)FS[FHPWJOB
#VMHBSJB
$SPBDJB
%JOBNBSDB
&TMPWBRVJB
&TMPWFOJB
&TQB×B
&TUPOJB
'JOMBOEJB
'SBODJB
(SFDJB
)VOHSÓB
*SMBOEB
*TMBOEJB
*UBMJB
-FUPOJB
-JFDIUFOTUFJO
-JUVBOJB
-VYFNCVSHP
.BDFEPOJB
4J
4JC
/$
4J
4JB
4JC
4J
4J
4J
4JC
4JC
4JC
4JC
4J
4J
4J
4J
4JC
/$
4JC
4JC
4J
3FHJØO1BÓT
.BMUB
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
4JB
.PMEBWB
4J
.ØOBDP
/PSVFHB
/$
4JC
1BÓTFT#BKPT
1PMPOJB
1PSUVHBM
3FJOP6OJEP
3FQVCMJDB$IFDB
3VNBOJB
3VTJB
4JC
4J
4JC
4JC
4J
4J
4J
4FSCJBZ.POUFOFHSP
4VFDJB
4VJ[B
6DSBOJB
4J
4JC
4JC
4J
ÉÀUFD
"OHPMB
"SHFMJB
#FOJO
#PUTXBOB
#VSLJOB'BTP
#VSVOEJ
$BCPWFSEF
$BNFSÞO
$IBE
$PNPSPT
$PTUBEF.BSmM
%KJCPVUJ
&HJQUP
&SJUSFB
&UJPQÓB
(BCØO
&UENTE#ONSORCIO)NTERNACIONALDE!NTICONCEPCIONDE%MERGENCIAYHTTPECPRINCETONEDUMUNDIALPAISQUERYASP
"0&
4J
4J
4JC
4JB
4J
4JB
4JB
4JC
4JB
4JB
4JC
4JB
4J
4JB
4J
4JC
3FHJØO1BÓT
"0&
3FHJØO1BÓT
"0&
(BNCJB
4JB
;BNCJB
4J
(IBOB
(VJOFB
(VJOFB&DVBUPSJBM
(VJOFB#JTTBV
4JC
4JC
4JB
4J
;JNCBCXF
4J
,FOJB
-FTPUIP
-JCFSJB
-JCJB
.BEBHBTDBS
4JC
4JB
4JB
4J
4JC
.BMBXJ
.BMÓ
4JB
4JC
.BSSVFDPT
.BVSJDJP
.BSSVFDPT
.BVSJDJP
.BVSJUBOJB
4J
4JC
4J
4JC
4JC
.P[BNCJRVF
/BNJCJB
/ÓHFS
/JHFSJB
3FQ$POHP
3FQ%FNP$POHP
3VBOEB
4FOFHBM
4JFSSB-FPOB
4PNBMJB
4VEÈGSJDB
4VEÈO
5BO[BOJB
5PHP
5ÞOF[
6HBOEB
4JB
4JC
4JC
4J
4JC
4J
4JB
4JC
4J
4JB
4JC
4JB
4JB
4JC
4JC
4JC
3FHJØO1BÓT
"0&
.BDBP
.BDBP
/$
/$
"GHBOJTUÈO
"SBCJB4BVEJUB
"SNFOJB
"[FSCBJZÈO
#BISBJO
4JB
4JB
4J
4J
4JB
.BMBTJB
.BMEJWBT
.POHPMJB
.ZBONBS
/FQBM
0NÈO
1BLJTUÈO
#BOHMBEFTI
#SVOFJ
#VUÈO
$BNCPZB
$IJOB
4J
4JB
/$
4JB
4JC
1BMFTUJOB
2BUBS
4JOHBQVS
4JSJB
4SJ-BOLB
4JB
4JB
4J
4JB
4JC
$IJQSF
$PSFBEFM/PSUF
4J
4JB
5BJMBOEJB
5BJXÈO
4JC
4J
$PSFBEFM4VS
&NJSBUPT"SBCFT6OJEPT
'JMJQJOBT
(FPSHJB
)POH,POH
*OEJB
*OEPOFTJB
*SBL
*SÈO
*TSBFM
+BQØO
+PSEBOJB
,B[BKTUÈO
,JSHVJ[JTUBO
,VXBJU
-BPT
-ÓCBOP
4J
4JB
4JB
4J
4J
4JC
4J
4JB
4JB
4JC
4JB
4JB
4J
4J
4JB
4JB
4J
5BZJLJTUÈO
5JNPS0SJFOUF
5VSLNFOJTUÈO
5VSRVÓB
6[CFLJTUÈO
7JFUOBN
:FNFO
$VLD
4JC
4JB
4J
4J
4JB
4JB
4J
4J
/$
4J
4J
4J
4J
4J
2FHDQtD\$XVWUDOLD
"VUSBMJB
'JKJ
.JDSPOFTJB
/VFWB;FMBOEB
1BQÞB/VFWB(VJOFB
1PMJOFTJB'SBODFTB
4JC
4JB
/$
4JC
4JB
4JC
632*_81)3$
> " /&904 @ $QH[R
%ROHWtQLQIRUPDWLYRGHOD206UHVSHFWR
GHOHYRQRUJHVWUHOFRPR$2(²0DU]R
/HYRQRUJHVWUHOSDUDDQWLFRQFHSFLyQGHHPHUJHQFLD
-B BOUJDPODFQDJØO EF FNFSHFODJB TF SFmFSF B MPT NÏUPEPT
RVF MBT NVKFSFT QVFEFO VTBS DPNP SFTQBMEP QBSB FNFSHFO
DJBTDPOUSBDFQUJWBTEFOUSPEFMPTQSJNFSPTEÓBTEFTQVÏTEF
VOBSFMBDJØOTFYVBMTJOQSPUFDDJØOQBSBQSFWFOJSVOFNCBSB[P
OPEFTFBEP-BBOUJDPODFQDJØOEFFNFSHFODJBOPFTBEFDVB
EBQBSBVTPSFHVMBS
Ê
&MSÏHJNFOSFDPNFOEBEPQPSMB0.4DPNPBOUJDPODFQDJØOEF
Ê
FNFSHFODJBFT
UÊ £]xÊ}Ê`iÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊVÊÕ>Ê`ÃÃÊÖV>°
Ê
·+ÕjÊiViÃÌ>Ê>ÌVVi«VÊ`iÊiiÀ}iV>¶
Õ>µÕiÀÊ ÕiÀÊ iÊ i`>`Ê Ài«À`ÕVÌÛ>Ê «Õi`iÊ iViÃÌ>ÀÊ `iÊ
>ÌVVi«VÊ`iÊiiÀ}iV>ÊiÊ>}ÖÊiÌ]Ê«>À>ÊiÛÌ>ÀÊ
ÕÊiL>À>âÊÊ`iÃi>`°ÊÃÌ?Ê`iÃÌ>`>Ê«>À>ÊÃiÀÊÕÃ>`>ÊiÊ
ÃÌÕ>ViÃÊV\
UÊ Õ>`ÊÊÃiÊ
>ÊÕÃ>`ÊÕÊjÌ`Ê>ÌVVi«ÌÛÆ
UÊ Õ>`Ê
>Ê
>L`ÊÕ>Êv>>Ê`iÊjÌ`Ê>ÌVVi«ÌÛÊÊ
ÕÊÕÃÊVÀÀiVÌ]ÊVÕÞi`\
Ê ,ÌÕÀ>]Ê`iÃâ>iÌÊÊÕÃÊVÀÀiVÌÊ`iÊV`°
Ê "Û`Ê VÃiVÕÌÛÊ `iÊ ÌÀiÃÊ Ê ?ÃÊ «`À>ÃÊ
>ÌVVi«ÌÛ>ÃÊÀ>iÃÊVL>`>ð
Ê ÌÀ>ÃÊ «ÀÊ ?ÃÊ `iÊ ÌÀiÃÊ
À>ÃÊ `iÊ >Ê «`À>Ê `iÊ ÃÊ
«À}iÃÌ?}iÊ­«`À>®
Ê ,iÌÀ>ÃÊ «ÀÊ ?ÃÊ `iÊ ÓÊ Ãi>>ÃÊ iÊ >Ê >«V>VÊ `iÊ
>Ê ÞiVVÊ >ÌVVi«ÌÛ>Ê `iÊ ÃÊ «À}iÃÌ?}iÊ
­>ViÌ>ÌÊ `iÊ i`ÀÝ«À}iÃÌiÀ>Ê `iÊ `i«ÃÌÊ Ê
Ê
$2(>"/5*$0/$&1$*»/03"-%&&.&3(&/$*"@81$0,5$'$&,(17Ì),&$
i>Ì>ÌÊ`iÊÀiÌÃÌiÀ>®
,iÌÀ>ÃÊ «ÀÊ ?ÃÊ `iÊ ÇÊ `>ÃÊ «>À>Ê >Ê >«V>VÊ `iÊ >Ê
ÞiVVÊ iÃÕ>Ê >ÌVVi«ÌÛ>Ê VL>`>Ê `iÊ
iÃÌÀ}iÊVÊ«À}iÃÌ?}i°
iÃVV>iÌ]Ê ÀiÌÀ>ÃÊ iÊ >Ê VV>VÊ Ê
`ÃVÌÕ>VÊ Ìi«À>>Ê `iÊ >ÌVVi«ÌÛÃÊ
À>iÃÊVÊ«>ÀV
iÊÊ>ÊÛ>}>°
iÃVV>iÌ]ÊÀÌÕÀ>ÊÊ`ÃVÌÕ>VÊÌi«À>>Ê
`iÊ`>vÀ>}>ÊÊV>«ÕV
ÊViÀÛV>°
>Ê`iÊVÌÊÌiÀÀÕ«`Ê­i\ÊiÞ>VÕ>VÊiÊÛ>}>Ê
Ê}iÌ>iÃÊiÝÌiÀî°
Ê >Ê iÊ iÊ «ÀViÃÊ `iÊ `ÃÕVÊ `iÊ >Ê Ì>LiÌ>Ê
iëiÀV`>ÊÕÊÛÕÊ>ÌiÃÊ`iÊVÌ°
Ê >Ê V?VÕÊ `iÊ jÌ`Ê `iÊ >LÃÌiV>Ê «iÀ`V>Ê Ê
v>>Ê`iÊ>LÃÌiVÊiÊÃÊ`>ÃÊvjÀÌiÃÊ`iÊVV°
Ê Ý«ÕÃÊ`iÊ1°
UÊ ÊV>ÃÊ`iÊ>}ÀiÃÊÃiÝÕ>ÊVÕ>`Ê>ÊÕiÀÊÊ
>ÊiÃÌ>`Ê
«ÀÌi}`>ÊVÊ>}ÖÊjÌ`Ê>ÌVVi«ÌÛÊiwÊV>â°
iV>ÃÊ`iÊ>VV
>ÃÊ «`À>ÃÊ >ÌVVi«ÌÛ>ÃÊ `iÊ iiÀ}iV>Ê ­*®Ê `iÊ
iÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊ
>Ê `iÃÌÀ>`Ê «ÀiÛiÀÊ >Ê ÛÕ>VÊ ÞÊ µÕiÊ Ê
ÌiiÊÕÊiviVÌÊ`iÌiVÌ>LiÊÃLÀiÊiÊi`iÌÀÊ­ÀiVÕLÀiÌÊ
ÕÌiÀ®Ê Ê iÊ ÃÊ ÛiiÃÊ `iÊ «À}iÃÌiÀ>]Ê VÕ>`Ê ÃÊ `>`>ÃÊ
`iëÕjÃÊ`iÊ>ÊÛÕ>V°Ê>ÃÊ*ÊÊÃÊiviVÌÛ>ÃÊÕ>ÊÛiâʵÕiÊ
iÊ «ÀViÃÊ `iÊ «>Ì>VÊ
>Ê Viâ>`Ê ÞÊ Ê V>ÕÃ>À?Ê ÕÊ
>LÀÌ°
viVÌÛ`>`
iVÌÕÀ>ÊV«iiÌ>À>\
>Ã>`ÊiÊÀi«ÀÌiÃÊ`iÊVÕ>ÌÀÊiÃÌÕ`ÃÊVÕÞi`ÊV>ÃÊxäääÊ
ÕiÀiÃ]ÊiÊÀj}iÊ`iÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊÕÃ>`Ê`iÌÀÊ`iÊÃÊxÊ
`>ÃÊ `iëÕjÃÊ `iÊ Ài>ViÃÊ ÃiÝÕ>iÃÊ ÃÊ «ÀÌiVV]Ê Ài`ÕViÊ
£°Ê >ÀÃÊ ]Ê ÕÌiLÞÊ ]Ê Ê `iÊ Ê iÌÊ >°Ê iÀ}iVÞÊ
iÊÀiÃ}Ê`iÊiL>À>âÊiÊ>ÊÕiÀÊiÊÈäÊqÊäÊ«ÀÊViÌÊÊ
Àj}iÊiÃÊ?ÃÊiviVÌÛÊVÕ>ÌÊ>ÌiÃÊÃiÊÕÌViÊ`iëÕjÃÊ`iÊ
>ÊÀi>VÊÃiÝÕ>°
ÀÌiÀÃÊ`iÊii}L`>`Êj`V>
>ÃÊ«`À>ÃÊ>ÌVVi«ÌÛ>ÃÊ`iÊiiÀ}iV>ÊÊ`iLiÊ`>ÀÃiÊ
>ÊÕiÀiÃʵÕiÊÌiiÊÕÊiL>À>âÊVwÊÀ>`]Ê«ÀʵÕiÊÞ>ÊiÃÊ
ÕÞÊÌ>À`iÊ«>À>Ê«ÀiÛiÀÊÕÊiL>À>â°ÊÃÊiÝ«iÀÌÃÊVÀiiʵÕiÊ
Ê
>ÞÊ`>Ê«>À>Ê>ÊÕiÀÊiL>À>â>`>ÊÊ>ÊviÌÊÃÊ>ÃÊ«`À>ÃÊ
>ÌVVi«ÌÛ>ÃÊ`iÊiiÀ}iV>ÊÃÊÕÃ>`>ÃÊ>`ÛiÀÌ`>iÌiÊ
`ÕÀ>ÌiÊiÊiL>À>âÊÌi«À>°
>ÃÊ«`À>ÃÊ>ÌVVi«ÌÛ>ÃÊ`iÊiiÀ}iV>ÊÃÊÃÊ`iÊÕÃÊ
`iÊ iiÀ}iV>Ê ÞÊ Ê ÃÊ >«À«>`>ÃÊ «>À>Ê ÕÃÊ Ài}Õ>ÀÊ VÊ
ÕÊ jÌ`Ê >ÌVVi«ÌÛÊ ÀÕÌ>À]Ê «ÀÊ ÃÕÊ >Ì>Ê «ÃL`>`Ê
`iÊ v>>Ê iÊ V«>À>VÊ VÊ ÃÊ jÌ`ÃÊ >ÌVVi«ÌÛÃÊ
`iÀðÊ`i?Ã]ÊiÊÕÃÊvÀiVÕiÌiÊ`iÊ>Ê>ÌVVi«VÊ`iÊ
iiÀ}iV>Ê ÀiÃÕÌ>Ê iÊ >ÞÀiÃÊ iviVÌÃÊ ÃiVÕ`>ÀÃ]Ê VÊ
ÀÀi}Õ>À`>`iÃÊiÃÌÀÕ>iðÊ-ÊiL>À}]ÊÃÕÊÕÃÊÀi«iÌ`ÊÊ
Ài«ÀiÃiÌ>ÊÀiÃ}ÃÊVV`ÃÊ«>À>Ê>ÊÃ>Õ`°
VÌÀ>Vi«ÌÊ ÜÌ
Ê vi«ÀÃÌiÊ >`Ê iÛÀ}iÃÌÀi\Ê
iV
>ÃÊ vÊ >VÌ°Ê "LÃÌiÌÀVÃÊ >`Ê iV}Þ]Ê ÓääÓÆÊ
£ää\ÈxÇ£°
Ó°Ê ÕÀ>`Ê °Ê `iÊ >ÀiÊ À>ÛÌÊ °Ê ,>Þ`Ê Ê iÌÊ >°Ê
"ÊÌ
iÊiV
>ÃÃÊvÊ>VÌÊvÊÃ
ÀÌÌiÀÊiÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊ
>`ÃÌÀ>ÌÊÊiiÀ}iVÞÊVÌÀ>Vi«Ì°Ê
ÌÀ>Vi«Ì]Ê
Óää{£ÆÊÈ{\ÓÓÇÎ{°
Î°Ê ÀÝ>ÌÌÊ ]Ê À>V
iÊ 6]Ê ,>ÛiâÊ Ê iÌÊ >°Ê *ÌÕÌ>ÀÞÛ>À>Ê
vÕVÌÊ vÜ}Ê Ì
iÊ ÃÌ>`>À`Ê iÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊ iiÀ}iVÞÊ
VÌÀ>Vi«ÌÛiÊ`ÃiÊÀÊ>ÊÃ}iÊä°ÇxÊ}Ê`ÃiÊ}ÛiÊÊÌ
iÊ
`>ÞÃÊ«ÀiVi`}ÊÛÕ>Ì°Ê
ÌÀ>Vi«Ì]ÊÓää{ÆÊÇä\{{Óxä°
{°Ê iÀ}iVÞÊ ÌÀ>Vi«ÌÛiÊ *Ã\Ê i`V>Ê >`Ê ÃiÀÛViÊ
`iÛiÀÞÊ }Õ`iiÃ°Ê -iV`Ê `Ì]Ê Óää{°Ê ÌiÀ>Ì>Ê
ÃÀÌÕÊ vÀÊ iÀ}iVÞÊ ÌÀ>Vi«Ì]Ê 7>Ã
}ÌÊ
°Ê1-°
x°Ê ÛÊ iÀÌâiÊ ]Ê *>}}Ê ]Ê }Ê °Ê iÌÊ >°Ê ÜÊ `ÃiÊ
vi«ÀÃÌiÊ >`Ê ÌÜÊ Ài}iÊ vÊ iÛÀ}iÃÌÀiÊ vÀÊ
iiÀ}iVÞÊVÌÀ>Vi«Ì\Ê>Ê7"ÊÕÌViÌÀiÊÀ>`âi`Ê
ÌÀ>°Ê>ViÌ]ÊÓääÓÆÊÎÈä\£näΣä°
È°Ê 7"°Ê i`V>Ê i}LÌÞÊ VÀÌiÀ>Ê vÀÊ VÌÀ>Vi«ÌÛiÊ ÕÃi°Ê
/
À`Êi`Ì°ÊiiÛ>]ÊÓää{°
Ç°Ê 7"°Ê -iiVÌi`Ê «À>VÌViÊ ÀiVi`>ÌÃÊ vÀÊ
VÌÀ>Vi«ÌÛiÊÕÃi°Ê-iV`Êi`Ì°ÊiiÛ>]ÊÓääx°
632*_81)3$
%STAPUBLICACINCONSTA
DEEJEMPLARES
IMPRESOSENERREERREARTESGRÕlCAS
,IMA0ER¢
