Molecular Biology 101 Molecular Markers

8/26/14
Genetic Characterization of
Pitahaya/Dragon Fruit
Accessions in California
Dr. Greg W. Douhan
Department of Plant Pathology
and Microbiology
UC Riverside
Overview
Molecular Biology 101
Research Progress
1
8/26/14
Molecular Biology 101
Molecular Biology 101
PCR
2
8/26/14
Molecular Biology 101
DNA sequence data
Cultivar/Species
DNA sequence
AGGGCTCTTCCAGAGAGGGCTCTTCCAGAG
A
B
C
AGGGCTCTTTCAGAGAGGGCTCTTCCAGAG
AGGGCTCTTCCAGAGAGGTCTCTTCCAGAG
Molecular Biology 101
Molecular Markers
Cultivar/Species
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
600
500
400
300
3
8/26/14
Molecular Biology 101
Molecular Markers
Species/cultivar 1
Species/cultivar 2
Molecular Biology 101
Molecular Markers
Species/cultivar 1
Species/cultivar 2
4
8/26/14
Davis et al. 1998
Heredity 89:319-323
5
8/26/14
Genetic analysis of dragon fruit
UC germplasm collection
280 accessions: California, Florida, Nicaragua,
Mexico, and Columbia
Ramiro Lobo/Tanizaki, Deborah Pagliacia/Georgios Vidalakis-UCR
Pitahaya'Types!
•  Several!species!of!Hylocereus!iden3fied,!but!there!is!
uncertainty!about!proper!iden3fica3on!
•  Differen3ated!by!stem!&!fruit!characteris3cs!(bracts,!
shape!and!fruit!color!>!skin!and!flesh)!
•  Two!commonly!available!in!CA:!
–  Hylocereus*undatus*(red!skin,!white!flesh)!
–  Hylocereus!sp.!(primarily!red!skin!&!red!flesh)!!
•  Many!Hylocereus!hybrids!(several!skin!and!flesh!colors!
combina3ons,!from!yellow!to!deep!magenta!or!dark!
red)!
•  Selenecereus*megalanthus*>!Yellow!or!Colombian,!
yellow,!thorny!skin!and!white,!translucent!flesh!
6
8/26/14
Commercial'Varie3es?'
•  Pitahaya!hybridizes!quite!easily!so!large!number!of!
hybrids!or!clones!produced!by!breeders!
•  Several!clones!promoted!as! superior !but!no!
replicated!research!data!available!
•  Improved,!proprietary!varie3es!available!from!Israel,!
Taiwan!and!private!breeders!in!US!
•  Big'challenge'for'commercial'produc3on'is'
confusion'and'duplica3on'on'named'varie3es'so'
DNA'needed'to'clarify'things'
The Problem
•  2-3 years into the trial when plants
grew and started fruiting, we started
noticing great variability among
plants within the same variety and
great similarities among plants from
different varieties.
Big'challenge'for'commercial'produc3on'is'confusion'and'
'duplica3on'on'named'varie3es'so'DNA'needed'to'clarify'things'
7
8/26/14
Varie3es'Under'Study'
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Cebra!(Nic)!
Rosa!(Nic)!
Orejona!(Nic)!
Lisa!(Nic)!
Sin!Espinas!(Nic)!
San!Ignacio!(Nic)!
Mexicana!(Mex)!
Colombiana!(SD/Col)!
Valdivia!Roja!(Mex)!
Bien!Hoa!Red!(SD)!
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
• 
Bien!Hoa!White!(SD)!
Delight!(SD)!
American!Beauty!(FL)!
Haley s!Comet!(FL)!
Physical!Graffi3!(FL)!
Vietnamese!Giant!(FL)!
Yellow!Dragon!(FL/Col)!
Seoul!Kitchen!(FL)!
Armando!(Nic)!
El!Grullo!(Mex)!added!late!
Dragon Fruit Accessions
•  All accessions were collected from
the South Coast Research and
Extension Center
•  The collection consists of 5
species
–  H. undatas, H. guatermalensis, H.
costaricensis/polyrhizus, H. ocamponis,
H. megalanthus, + hybrids
8
8/26/14
Methods and Materials
•  Actively growing shoots were
sampled (278 plants)
•  Surfaced sterilized using 70%
ethanol
•  DNA extracted using a Qiagen kit
Methods and Materials
•  Accessions were genotyped using
Amplified Fragment Length
Polymorphism (AFLP) technique
9
8/26/14
Methods and Materials
AFLP
UPGMA
U194
Bien
UC111
UC129
UC130
Hoa
Bien
Red
Hao
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
San
Red
Diego
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Red
San
U C 1 4 8
U C 1 4 9
UC196
UC242
UC276
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Red
San
UC55
American
Beauty
UC56
American
Beauty
UC110
Bien
Diego
Diego
Diego
Florida
Florida
Hao
Red
San
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
U C 1 5 8
UC195
Bien
Diego
U C 2 1 0
UC60
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
UC61
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
UC62
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
UC37
American
Beauty
UC41
Bien
Red
UC243
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Florida
San
Red
Diego
San
Diego
U C 1 5 3
U C 1 5 5
UC91
Haleys
Comet
H. guatemalensis
Florida
U C 1 0 1
U C 1 0 5
U C 1 0 6
UC139
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
U C 1 4 3
U C 1 4 4
U C 1 4 5
UC182
UC183
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
Florida
Kitchen
Florida
U C 2 1 2
U C 2 1 3
U C 2 1 7
UC5
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC7
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC82
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
U C 1 6 0
U C 1 6 1
U C 2 0 7
U C 2 0 8
UC83
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC84
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC96
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC97
Seoul
UC266
UC267
UC6
Kitchen
Florida
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
UC115
Kitchen
Florida
Florida
Florida
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
UC15
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
UC16
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
UC116
UC93
Vietnamese
Giant
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
Florida
U C 1 5 3
UC180
Mexicana
UC181
Nicaragua
Mexicana
UC203
Nicaragua
Mexican
UC204
UC52
UC53
Nicaragua
Mexican
Nicaragua
Mexicana
Nicaragua
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC54
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC72
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC73
Mexicana
UC74
Mexicana
UC94
Vietnamese
UC205
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Undatus
San
Mexicana
Seoul
Florida
Nicaragua
Mexicana
Mexicana
H
UC179
UC191
Giant
Mexican
UC264
UC44
UC99
Diego
Nicaragua
Kitchen
UC113
Delight
Florida
UC114
Delight
Florida
UC134
Delight
Florida
UC136
Delight
Florida
Florida
UC175
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC178
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC179
UC18
UC184
UC19
UC197
UC198
UC21
UC257
UC258
UC259
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Comet
Delight
Florida
Florida
Florida
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Haleys
Delight
Florida
Comet
Florida
Comet
Florida
Florida
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
UC38
Delight
Florida
UC39
Delight
Florida
Florida
UC22
Delight
Nicaragua
UC237
Delight
Florida
U C 1 5 1
U C 1 5 2
UC230 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC231 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC50 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC51 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC81
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC86 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC87 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC49 Physical Graffiti Florida
U C 1 5 7
UC165
UC166
UC167
UC17
Physical
Graffiti
Physical
Graffiti
Physical
Graffiti
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC85 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC239
Delight
Florida
UC92 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC254
Physical
UC108
Sin
UC200
UC34
UC57
Graggiti
Espinas
San
Sin
Espinas
Espinas
Espinas
Sin
Espinas
Colombiana
UC138
Florida
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Sin
UC222
UC137
UC71
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Espinas
Sin
Sin
UC132
Nicaragua
Ignacio
Espinas
Sin
UC58
UC59
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
U C 2 0 6
UC70
UC95
Colombiana
Yellow
UC275
UC63
Dragon
Florida
Colombiana
UC251
Yellow
Colombiana
UC253
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
Dragon
UC64
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
UC65
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
UC69
Colobiana
Yellow
UC42
Colombiana
UC43
Colobiana
UC235
UC236
Dragon
Colombia
Colombia
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
UC256 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC10
UC78
UC9
UC8
Rosa
San
Nicaragua
Rosa
San
UC201
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC164
UC244
UC11
Ignacio
Rosa
Rosa
UC162
UC2
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Ignacio
Nicaragua
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
Cebra
Nicaragua
UC12
Cebra
Nicaragua
UC13
Cebra
Nicaragua
UC27
Cebra
UC124
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC125
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC140
Nicaragua
Oregona
UC171
Lisa
UC172
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC190
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC221
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC234
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC246
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC248
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC249
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC189
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC29
Rosa
Nicaragua
UC30
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC67
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC68
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC88
Rosa
UC89
Rosa
UC90
Rosa
UC163
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC168
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC170
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC220
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC232
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC233
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC241
Nicaragua
Rosa
Nicaragua
UC169
Cebra
UC173
Lisa
UC240
Nicaragua
Nicargua
Rosa
UC118
Nicaragua
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC46
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC48
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC119
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC76
Armando
Nicaragua
UC77
Armando
Nicaragua
UC126
Armando
UC127
UC25
UC75
Nicaragua
Armando
UC128
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
Armando
UC224
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
UC26
Armando
Nicaragua
UC98
Armando
Nicaragua
UC272
Armando
UC273
Nicaragua
Armando
UC174
San
UC202
Nicaragua
Ignacio
San
Nicargua
Ignacio
UC35
San
Ignacio
UC80
San
Ignacio
UC36
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 6
UC247
Cebra
UC274
Armando
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 1
U C 1 4 2
UC269
Orejona
UC270
Nicaragua
Orejona
UC47
Orejona
UC66
Lisa
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 0 2
UC219
Cebra
UC120
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC123
Lisa
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 7
UC187
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC229 Physical Graffiti Florida
U C 1 0 3
U C 1 0 4
U C 1 5 0
UC109 MX El Grullo Mexico
UC133 MX El Grullo Mexico
UC45 MX El Grullo
UC107
Valdivia
Roja
UC262
Valdivia
Roja
San
Diego
San
Diego
U C 2 1 4
UC178
Valdivia
Roja
San
Diego
San
Diego
U C 2 1 5
UC199
UC20
Valdivia
Valdivia
Roja
Roja
Florida
0.01 changes
10
8/26/14
UPGMA
U194
Bien
UC111
UC129
UC130
Hoa
Bien
Red
Hao
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
San
Red
Diego
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
U C 1 4 8
U C 1 4 9
UC196
UC242
UC276
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Red
San
Red
American
Beauty
American
Beauty
Bien
Diego
Diego
San
UC55
UC56
UC110
Diego
Florida
Florida
Hao
Red
San
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
U C 1 5 8
UC195
Bien
Diego
U C 2 1 0
UC60
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
UC61
Bien
Hoa
UC62
Bien
Hoa
UC37
American
Beauty
UC41
Bien
Red
UC243
Hoa
Bien
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Hoa
Florida
San
Red
Diego
San
Diego
U C 1 5 3
U C 1 5 5
UC91
Haleys
Comet
H. guatemalensis
Florida
U C 1 0 1
U C 1 0 5
U C 1 0 6
UC139
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
U C 1 4 3
U C 1 4 4
U C 1 4 5
UC182
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC183
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
U C 2 1 2
U C 2 1 3
U C 2 1 7
UC5
Seoul
Kitchen
UC7
Seoul
Kitchen
UC82
Seoul
Florida
Florida
Kitchen
Florida
U C 1 6 0
U C 1 6 1
U C 2 0 7
U C 2 0 8
UC83
Seoul
UC84
Kitchen
Seoul
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
Kitchen
UC266
UC267
UC6
UC15
Florida
Florida
Kitchen
Kitchen
Kitchen
Florida
Florida
Florida
Vietnamese
Giant
Vietnamese
UC16
Giant
Vietnamese
UC116
UC93
Florida
Seoul
Seoul
Seoul
UC115
Florida
Kitchen
UC96
UC97
Florida
Florida
Giant
Vietnamese
Florida
Giant
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
Florida
U C 1 5 3
UC180
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC181
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC203
Mexican
UC204
Nicaragua
Mexican
Nicaragua
UC52
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC53
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC54
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC72
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC73
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC74
Mexicana
UC94
Vietnamese
UC205
Nicaragua
Mexicana
H
UC113
UC114
UC134
UC136
UC175
UC178
UC179
UC18
Delight
UC258
Florida
Florida
Florida
Delight
Florida
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Comet
Delight
Florida
Florida
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Delight
UC259
Diego
Nicaragua
Florida
Delight
Delight
Haleys
UC197
UC198
UC21
UC257
San
Kitchen
Haleys
UC184
UC19
Nicaragua
Undatus
Mexicana
Seoul
Florida
Nicaragua
Mexicana
UC44
UC99
UC179
UC191
H. undatas
Nicaragua
Giant
Mexican
UC264
Florida
Comet
Florida
Florida
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
UC38
Delight
Florida
UC39
Delight
Florida
Florida
UC22
Delight
Nicaragua
UC237
Delight
Florida
U C 1 5 1
U C 1 5 2
UC230 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC231 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC50 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC51 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC81
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC86 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC87 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC49 Physical Graffiti Florida
U C 1 5 7
UC165
Physical
UC166
Graffiti
Physical
UC167
Graffiti
Physical
UC17
Graffiti
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC85 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC239
Delight
Florida
UC92 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC254
Physical
UC108
Sin
UC200
UC34
UC57
Graggiti
Espinas
San
Sin
Sin
Espinas
Sin
Espinas
UC222
UC137
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Sin
Espinas
Sin
Espinas
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Colombiana
UC138
Florida
Nicaragua
Espinas
UC58
UC71
Nicaragua
Espinas
UC59
UC132
Nicaragua
Ignacio
Sin
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
Dragon
U C 2 0 6
UC70
Colombiana
UC95
Yellow
UC275
Yellow
Dragon
Colombiana
Colobiana
UC42
Dragon
Dragon
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
Yellow
Yellow
Colombiana
UC43
Dragon
Dragon
Colombia
Colobiana
UC235
UC236
Dragon
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Colombiana
UC65
UC69
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Colombiana
Colombiana
UC64
Florida
Colombiana
UC251
UC253
UC63
Colombia
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
UC256 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC10
Rosa
UC78
Nicaragua
San
UC9
Ignacio
Rosa
UC8
Rosa
UC162
UC2
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC164
Nicaragua
Rosa
San
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Ignacio
Nicaragua
UC244
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
UC201
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
UC11
Cebra
UC12
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC13
Cebra
UC27
Cebra
UC124
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC125
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC140
Nicaragua
Oregona
UC171
Lisa
UC172
UC221
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC234
Rosa
UC246
Cebra
UC248
Lisa
UC249
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC189
UC190
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC29
Rosa
Nicaragua
UC30
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC67
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC68
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC88
Rosa
UC89
Rosa
UC90
Rosa
UC163
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC168
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC170
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC220
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC232
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC233
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC241
Nicaragua
Rosa
Nicaragua
UC169
Cebra
UC173
Lisa
UC240
Nicaragua
Nicargua
Rosa
UC118
Nicaragua
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC46
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC48
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC119
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC76
Armando
Nicaragua
UC77
Armando
Nicaragua
UC126
Armando
UC127
Nicaragua
Armando
UC128
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
UC25
Armando
Nicaragua
UC75
Armando
Nicaragua
UC224
Armando
Nicaragua
UC26
Armando
Nicaragua
UC98
Armando
Nicaragua
UC272
Armando
UC273
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
UC174
San
Ignacio
UC202
San
Ignacio
UC35
San
Nicargua
Nicaragua
Ignacio
UC80
San
Ignacio
UC36
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 6
UC247
Cebra
UC274
Armando
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 1
U C 1 4 2
UC269
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC270
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC47
Orejona
UC66
Lisa
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 0 2
UC219
Cebra
UC120
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC123
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 7
UC187
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC229 Physical Graffiti Florida
U C 1 0 3
U C 1 0 4
U C 1 5 0
UC109 MX El Grullo Mexico
UC133 MX El Grullo Mexico
UC45 MX El Grullo
UC107
UC262
Valdivia
Roja
Valdivia
Roja
San
Diego
San
Diego
U C 2 1 4
UC178
Valdivia
Roja
San
Diego
San
Diego
U C 2 1 5
UC199
Valdivia
UC20
Valdivia
U194
Bien
Roja
Roja
Florida
0.01 changes
UPGMA
UC111
UC129
UC130
Hoa
Bien
Red
Hao
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
San
Red
Diego
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Red
San
U C 1 4 8
U C 1 4 9
UC196
UC242
UC276
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Red
San
UC55
American
Beauty
UC56
American
Beauty
UC110
Bien
Diego
Diego
Diego
Florida
Florida
Hao
Red
San
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
U C 1 5 8
UC195
Bien
Diego
U C 2 1 0
UC60
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
UC61
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
UC62
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
UC37
American
Beauty
UC41
Bien
Red
UC243
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Florida
San
Red
Diego
San
Diego
U C 1 5 3
U C 1 5 5
UC91
Haleys
Comet
H. guatemalensis
Florida
U C 1 0 1
U C 1 0 5
U C 1 0 6
UC139
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
U C 1 4 3
U C 1 4 4
U C 1 4 5
UC182
UC183
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
Florida
Kitchen
Florida
U C 2 1 2
U C 2 1 3
U C 2 1 7
UC5
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC7
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC82
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
U C 1 6 0
U C 1 6 1
U C 2 0 7
U C 2 0 8
UC83
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC84
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC96
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC97
Seoul
UC266
UC267
UC6
Kitchen
Florida
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
UC115
Kitchen
Florida
Florida
Florida
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
UC15
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
UC16
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
UC116
UC93
Vietnamese
Giant
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
Florida
U C 1 5 3
UC180
Mexicana
UC181
Nicaragua
Mexicana
UC203
Nicaragua
Mexican
UC204
UC52
UC53
Nicaragua
Mexican
Nicaragua
Mexicana
Nicaragua
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC54
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC72
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC73
Mexicana
UC74
Mexicana
UC94
Vietnamese
UC205
San
Delight
Florida
Delight
Florida
UC134
UC136
UC175
UC179
UC18
UC184
UC19
UC197
UC198
UC21
UC257
Diego
Nicaragua
Kitchen
UC113
UC114
UC178
Florida
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Undatus
Mexicana
Seoul
Delight
Florida
Florida
Delight
Florida
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Comet
Delight
Florida
Florida
Florida
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Haleys
Delight
Florida
Comet
Florida
Comet
Florida
Florida
Haleys
Comet
UC258
Haleys
Comet
UC259
Haleys
Comet
UC38
Delight
Florida
UC39
Delight
Florida
Florida
Florida
Florida
UC22
Delight
Nicaragua
UC237
Delight
Florida
Hybrids
U C 1 5 1
U C 1 5 2
UC230 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC231 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC50 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC51 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC81
H. undatas
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Mexicana
Mexicana
H
UC179
UC191
Giant
Mexican
UC264
UC44
UC99
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC86 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC87 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC49 Physical Graffiti Florida
U C 1 5 7
UC165
UC166
UC167
UC17
Physical
Graffiti
Physical
Graffiti
Physical
Graffiti
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC85 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC239
Delight
Florida
UC92 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC254
Physical
UC108
Sin
UC200
UC34
UC57
UC58
UC59
Graggiti
Florida
Nicaragua
Ignacio
Espinas
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Espinas
Espinas
Espinas
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Sin
Espinas
Sin
Espinas
Colombiana
UC138
UC71
Espinas
San
Sin
Sin
Sin
Sin
UC132
UC222
UC137
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
U C 2 0 6
UC70
UC95
Colombiana
Yellow
UC275
UC63
Dragon
Florida
Colombiana
UC251
Yellow
Colombiana
UC253
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
Dragon
UC64
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
UC65
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
UC69
Colobiana
Yellow
UC42
Colombiana
UC43
Colobiana
UC235
UC236
Dragon
Colombia
Colombia
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
UC256 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC10
UC78
UC9
UC8
Rosa
San
Nicaragua
Rosa
San
UC201
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC164
UC244
UC11
Ignacio
Rosa
Rosa
UC162
UC2
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Ignacio
Nicaragua
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
Cebra
Nicaragua
UC12
Cebra
Nicaragua
UC13
Cebra
Nicaragua
UC27
Cebra
UC124
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC125
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC140
Nicaragua
Oregona
UC171
Lisa
UC172
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC190
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC221
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC234
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC246
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC248
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC249
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC189
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC29
Rosa
Nicaragua
UC30
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC67
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC68
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC88
Rosa
UC89
Rosa
UC90
Rosa
UC163
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC168
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC170
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC220
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC232
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC233
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC241
Nicaragua
Rosa
Nicaragua
UC169
Cebra
UC173
Lisa
UC240
Nicaragua
Nicargua
Rosa
UC118
Nicaragua
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC46
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC48
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC119
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC76
Armando
Nicaragua
UC77
Armando
Nicaragua
UC126
Armando
UC127
UC25
UC75
Nicaragua
Armando
UC128
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
Armando
UC224
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
UC26
Armando
Nicaragua
UC98
Armando
Nicaragua
UC272
Armando
UC273
Nicaragua
Armando
UC174
San
UC202
Nicaragua
Ignacio
San
Nicargua
Ignacio
UC35
San
Ignacio
UC80
San
Ignacio
UC36
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 6
UC247
Cebra
UC274
Armando
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 1
U C 1 4 2
UC269
Orejona
UC270
Nicaragua
Orejona
UC47
Orejona
UC66
Lisa
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 0 2
UC219
Cebra
UC120
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC123
Lisa
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 7
UC187
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC229 Physical Graffiti Florida
U C 1 0 3
U C 1 0 4
U C 1 5 0
UC109 MX El Grullo Mexico
UC133 MX El Grullo Mexico
UC45 MX El Grullo
UC107
Valdivia
Roja
UC262
Valdivia
Roja
San
Diego
San
Diego
U C 2 1 4
UC178
Valdivia
Roja
San
Diego
San
Diego
U C 2 1 5
UC199
UC20
Valdivia
Valdivia
Roja
Roja
Florida
0.01 changes
11
8/26/14
UPGMA
U194
Bien
UC111
UC129
UC130
Hoa
Bien
Red
Hao
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
San
Red
Diego
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
U C 1 4 8
U C 1 4 9
UC196
UC242
UC276
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Red
San
Red
American
Beauty
American
Beauty
Bien
Diego
Diego
San
UC55
UC56
UC110
Diego
Florida
Florida
Hao
Red
San
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
U C 1 5 8
UC195
Bien
Diego
U C 2 1 0
UC60
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
UC61
Bien
Hoa
UC62
Bien
Hoa
UC37
American
Beauty
UC41
Bien
Red
UC243
Hoa
Bien
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Hoa
Florida
San
Red
Diego
San
Diego
U C 1 5 3
U C 1 5 5
UC91
Haleys
Comet
H. guatemalensis
Florida
U C 1 0 1
U C 1 0 5
U C 1 0 6
UC139
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
U C 1 4 3
U C 1 4 4
U C 1 4 5
UC182
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC183
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
U C 2 1 2
U C 2 1 3
U C 2 1 7
UC5
Seoul
Kitchen
UC7
Seoul
Kitchen
UC82
Seoul
Florida
Florida
Kitchen
Florida
U C 1 6 0
U C 1 6 1
U C 2 0 7
U C 2 0 8
UC83
Seoul
UC84
Kitchen
Seoul
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
Kitchen
UC266
UC267
UC6
UC15
Florida
Florida
Kitchen
Kitchen
Kitchen
Florida
Florida
Florida
Vietnamese
Giant
Vietnamese
UC16
Giant
Vietnamese
UC116
UC93
Florida
Seoul
Seoul
Seoul
UC115
Florida
Kitchen
UC96
UC97
Florida
Florida
Giant
Vietnamese
Florida
Giant
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
Florida
U C 1 5 3
UC180
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC181
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC203
Mexican
UC204
Nicaragua
Mexican
Nicaragua
UC52
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC53
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC54
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC72
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC73
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC74
Mexicana
UC94
Vietnamese
UC205
Nicaragua
Mexicana
H
UC113
UC114
UC134
UC136
UC175
UC178
UC179
UC18
Delight
UC258
Florida
Florida
Florida
Delight
Florida
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Comet
Delight
Florida
Florida
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Delight
UC259
Diego
Nicaragua
Florida
Delight
Delight
Haleys
UC197
UC198
UC21
UC257
San
Kitchen
Haleys
UC184
UC19
Nicaragua
Undatus
Mexicana
Seoul
Florida
Nicaragua
Mexicana
UC44
UC99
UC179
UC191
Florida
Comet
Florida
Florida
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
UC38
Delight
Florida
UC39
Delight
Florida
Florida
UC22
Delight
Nicaragua
UC237
Delight
Florida
Hybrids
U C 1 5 1
U C 1 5 2
UC230 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC231 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC50 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC51 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC81
H. undatas
Nicaragua
Giant
Mexican
UC264
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC86 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC87 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC49 Physical Graffiti Florida
U C 1 5 7
UC165
Physical
UC166
Graffiti
Physical
UC167
Graffiti
Physical
UC17
Graffiti
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC85 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC239
Delight
Florida
UC92 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC254
Physical
UC108
Sin
UC200
UC34
Espinas
San
Nicaragua
Espinas
Espinas
Espinas
Sin
UC222
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Espinas
Sin
UC137
Nicaragua
Espinas
Nicaragua
Colombiana
UC138
UC71
Nicaragua
Espinas
Sin
Sin
Sin
UC132
Florida
Nicaragua
Ignacio
Sin
UC57
UC58
UC59
Graggiti
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
Hylocereus sp.
Dragon
U C 2 0 6
UC70
Colombiana
UC95
Yellow
UC275
Colombiana
Colobiana
UC42
Dragon
Dragon
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
Yellow
Yellow
Colombiana
UC43
Dragon
Dragon
Colombia
Colobiana
UC235
Colombia
Colombiana
UC236
Dragon
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Colombiana
UC65
UC69
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Colombiana
Colombiana
UC64
Florida
Colombiana
UC251
UC253
UC63
Yellow
Dragon
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
UC256 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC10
Rosa
UC78
Nicaragua
San
UC9
Ignacio
Rosa
UC8
UC2
Nicaragua
Rosa
Nicaragua
Rosa
San
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC162
UC164
Nicaragua
Ignacio
Nicaragua
UC244
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
UC201
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
UC11
Cebra
UC12
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC13
Cebra
UC27
Cebra
UC124
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC125
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC140
Nicaragua
Oregona
UC171
Lisa
UC172
UC221
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC234
Rosa
UC246
Cebra
UC248
Lisa
UC249
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC189
UC190
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC29
Rosa
Nicaragua
UC30
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC67
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC68
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC88
Rosa
UC89
Rosa
UC90
Rosa
UC163
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC168
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC170
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC220
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC232
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC233
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC241
Nicaragua
Rosa
Nicaragua
UC169
Cebra
UC173
Lisa
UC240
Nicaragua
Nicargua
Rosa
UC118
Nicaragua
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC46
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC48
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC119
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC76
Armando
Nicaragua
UC77
Armando
Nicaragua
UC126
Armando
UC127
Nicaragua
Armando
UC128
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
UC25
Armando
Nicaragua
UC75
Armando
Nicaragua
UC224
Armando
Nicaragua
UC26
Armando
Nicaragua
UC98
Armando
Nicaragua
UC272
Armando
UC273
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
UC174
San
Ignacio
UC202
San
Ignacio
UC35
San
Nicargua
Nicaragua
Ignacio
UC80
San
Ignacio
UC36
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 6
UC247
Cebra
UC274
Armando
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 1
U C 1 4 2
UC269
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC270
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC47
Orejona
UC66
Lisa
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 0 2
UC219
Cebra
UC120
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC123
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 7
UC187
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC229 Physical Graffiti Florida
U C 1 0 3
U C 1 0 4
U C 1 5 0
UC109 MX El Grullo Mexico
UC133 MX El Grullo Mexico
UC45 MX El Grullo
UC107
UC262
Valdivia
Roja
Valdivia
Roja
San
Diego
San
Diego
U C 2 1 4
UC178
Valdivia
Roja
San
Diego
San
Diego
U C 2 1 5
UC199
Valdivia
UC20
Valdivia
U194
Bien
Roja
Roja
Florida
0.01 changes
UPGMA
UC111
UC129
UC130
Hoa
Bien
Red
Hao
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
San
Red
Diego
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Red
San
U C 1 4 8
U C 1 4 9
UC196
UC242
UC276
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Red
San
UC55
American
Beauty
UC56
American
Beauty
UC110
Bien
Diego
Diego
Diego
Florida
Florida
Hao
Red
San
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
U C 1 5 8
UC195
Bien
Diego
U C 2 1 0
UC60
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
UC61
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
UC62
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
UC37
American
Beauty
UC41
Bien
Red
UC243
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Florida
San
Red
Diego
San
Diego
U C 1 5 3
U C 1 5 5
UC91
Haleys
Comet
H. guatemalensis
Florida
U C 1 0 1
U C 1 0 5
U C 1 0 6
UC139
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
U C 1 4 3
U C 1 4 4
U C 1 4 5
UC182
UC183
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
Florida
Kitchen
Florida
U C 2 1 2
U C 2 1 3
U C 2 1 7
UC5
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC7
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC82
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
U C 1 6 0
U C 1 6 1
U C 2 0 7
U C 2 0 8
UC83
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC84
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC96
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC97
Seoul
UC266
UC267
UC6
Kitchen
Florida
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
UC115
Kitchen
Florida
Florida
Florida
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
UC15
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
UC16
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
UC116
UC93
Vietnamese
Giant
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
Florida
U C 1 5 3
UC180
Mexicana
UC181
Nicaragua
Mexicana
UC203
Nicaragua
Mexican
UC204
UC52
UC53
Nicaragua
Mexican
Nicaragua
Mexicana
Nicaragua
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC54
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC72
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC73
Mexicana
UC74
Mexicana
UC94
Vietnamese
UC205
San
Delight
Florida
Delight
Florida
UC134
UC136
UC175
UC179
UC18
UC184
UC19
UC197
UC198
UC21
UC257
Diego
Nicaragua
Kitchen
UC113
UC114
UC178
Florida
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Undatus
Mexicana
Seoul
Delight
Florida
Florida
Delight
Florida
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Comet
Delight
Florida
Florida
Florida
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Haleys
Delight
Florida
Comet
Florida
Comet
Florida
Florida
Haleys
Comet
UC258
Haleys
Comet
UC259
Haleys
Comet
UC38
Delight
Florida
UC39
Delight
Florida
Florida
Florida
Florida
UC22
Delight
Nicaragua
UC237
Delight
Florida
Hybrids
U C 1 5 1
U C 1 5 2
UC230 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC231 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC50 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC51 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC81
H. undatas
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Mexicana
Mexicana
H
UC179
UC191
Giant
Mexican
UC264
UC44
UC99
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC86 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC87 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC49 Physical Graffiti Florida
U C 1 5 7
UC165
UC166
UC167
UC17
Physical
Graffiti
Physical
Graffiti
Physical
Graffiti
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC85 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC239
Delight
Florida
UC92 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC254
Physical
UC108
Sin
UC200
UC34
UC57
UC58
UC59
Graggiti
Florida
Nicaragua
Ignacio
Espinas
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Espinas
Espinas
Espinas
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Sin
Espinas
Sin
Espinas
Colombiana
UC138
UC71
Espinas
San
Sin
Sin
Sin
Sin
UC132
UC222
UC137
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
U C 2 0 6
UC70
UC95
Colombiana
Yellow
UC275
UC63
Dragon
Florida
Colombiana
UC251
Yellow
Colombiana
UC253
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
Dragon
UC64
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
UC65
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
UC69
UC42
UC43
Colobiana
Yellow
Colombiana
Colombia
Colombiana
UC236
Dragon
Colombia
Colobiana
UC235
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
Hylocereus sp.
H. megalanthus
UC256 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC10
UC78
UC9
UC8
Rosa
San
UC201
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
San
UC244
UC11
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC164
UC2
Ignacio
Rosa
Rosa
UC162
Nicaragua
Ignacio
Nicaragua
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
Cebra
Nicaragua
UC12
Cebra
Nicaragua
UC13
Cebra
Nicaragua
UC27
Cebra
UC124
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC125
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC140
Nicaragua
Oregona
UC171
Lisa
UC172
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC190
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC221
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC234
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC246
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC248
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC249
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC189
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC29
Rosa
Nicaragua
UC30
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC67
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC68
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC88
Rosa
UC89
Rosa
UC90
Rosa
UC163
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC168
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC170
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC220
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC232
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC233
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC241
Nicaragua
Rosa
Nicaragua
UC169
Cebra
UC173
Lisa
UC240
Nicaragua
Nicargua
Rosa
UC118
Nicaragua
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC46
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC48
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC119
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC76
Armando
Nicaragua
UC77
Armando
Nicaragua
UC126
Armando
UC127
UC25
UC75
Nicaragua
Armando
UC128
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
Armando
UC224
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
UC26
Armando
Nicaragua
UC98
Armando
Nicaragua
UC272
Armando
UC273
Nicaragua
Armando
UC174
San
UC202
Nicaragua
Ignacio
San
Nicargua
Ignacio
UC35
San
Ignacio
UC80
San
Ignacio
UC36
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 6
UC247
Cebra
UC274
Armando
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 1
U C 1 4 2
UC269
Orejona
UC270
Nicaragua
Orejona
UC47
Orejona
UC66
Lisa
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 0 2
UC219
Cebra
UC120
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC123
Lisa
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 7
UC187
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC229 Physical Graffiti Florida
U C 1 0 3
U C 1 0 4
U C 1 5 0
UC109 MX El Grullo Mexico
UC133 MX El Grullo Mexico
UC45 MX El Grullo
UC107
Valdivia
Roja
UC262
Valdivia
Roja
San
Diego
San
Diego
U C 2 1 4
UC178
Valdivia
Roja
San
Diego
San
Diego
U C 2 1 5
UC199
UC20
Valdivia
Valdivia
Roja
Roja
Florida
0.01 changes
12
8/26/14
UPGMA
U194
Bien
UC111
UC129
UC130
Hoa
Bien
Red
Hao
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
San
Red
Diego
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
U C 1 4 8
U C 1 4 9
UC196
UC242
UC276
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Red
San
Red
American
Beauty
American
Beauty
Bien
Diego
Diego
San
UC55
UC56
UC110
Diego
Florida
Florida
Hao
Red
San
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
U C 1 5 8
UC195
Bien
Diego
U C 2 1 0
UC60
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
UC61
Bien
Hoa
UC62
Bien
Hoa
UC37
American
Beauty
UC41
Bien
Red
UC243
Hoa
Bien
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Hoa
Florida
San
Red
Diego
San
Diego
U C 1 5 3
U C 1 5 5
UC91
Haleys
Comet
H. guatemalensis
Florida
U C 1 0 1
U C 1 0 5
U C 1 0 6
UC139
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
U C 1 4 3
U C 1 4 4
U C 1 4 5
UC182
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC183
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
U C 2 1 2
U C 2 1 3
U C 2 1 7
UC5
Seoul
Kitchen
UC7
Seoul
Kitchen
UC82
Seoul
Florida
Florida
Kitchen
Florida
U C 1 6 0
U C 1 6 1
U C 2 0 7
U C 2 0 8
UC83
Seoul
UC84
Kitchen
Seoul
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
Kitchen
UC266
UC267
UC6
UC15
Florida
Florida
Kitchen
Kitchen
Kitchen
Florida
Florida
Florida
Vietnamese
Giant
Vietnamese
UC16
Giant
Vietnamese
UC116
UC93
Florida
Seoul
Seoul
Seoul
UC115
Florida
Kitchen
UC96
UC97
Florida
Florida
Giant
Vietnamese
Florida
Giant
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
Florida
U C 1 5 3
UC180
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC181
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC203
Mexican
UC204
Nicaragua
Mexican
Nicaragua
UC52
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC53
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC54
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC72
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC73
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC74
Mexicana
UC94
Vietnamese
UC205
Nicaragua
Mexicana
H
UC113
UC114
UC134
UC136
UC175
UC178
UC179
UC18
Delight
UC258
Florida
Florida
Florida
Delight
Florida
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Comet
Delight
Florida
Florida
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Delight
UC259
Diego
Nicaragua
Florida
Delight
Delight
Haleys
UC197
UC198
UC21
UC257
San
Kitchen
Haleys
UC184
UC19
Nicaragua
Undatus
Mexicana
Seoul
Florida
Nicaragua
Mexicana
UC44
UC99
UC179
UC191
Florida
Comet
Florida
Florida
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
UC38
Delight
Florida
UC39
Delight
Florida
Florida
UC22
Delight
Nicaragua
UC237
Delight
Florida
Hybrids
U C 1 5 1
U C 1 5 2
UC230 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC231 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC50 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC51 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC81
H. undatas
Nicaragua
Giant
Mexican
UC264
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC86 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC87 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC49 Physical Graffiti Florida
U C 1 5 7
UC165
Physical
UC166
Graffiti
Physical
UC167
Graffiti
Physical
UC17
Graffiti
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC85 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC239
Delight
Florida
UC92 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC254
Physical
UC108
Sin
UC200
UC34
Espinas
San
Nicaragua
Espinas
Espinas
Espinas
Sin
UC222
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Espinas
Sin
UC137
Nicaragua
Espinas
Nicaragua
Colombiana
UC138
UC71
Nicaragua
Espinas
Sin
Sin
Sin
UC132
Florida
Nicaragua
Ignacio
Sin
UC57
UC58
UC59
Graggiti
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
Dragon
U C 2 0 6
UC70
Colombiana
UC95
Yellow
UC275
Colombiana
Colobiana
UC42
Dragon
Dragon
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
Yellow
Yellow
Colombiana
UC43
Dragon
Dragon
Colombia
Colobiana
UC235
Colombia
Colombiana
UC236
Dragon
Yellow
Yellow
Yellow
Colombiana
UC65
UC69
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Colombiana
Colombiana
UC64
Florida
Colombiana
UC251
UC253
UC63
Yellow
Dragon
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
Hylocereus sp.
H. megalanthus
UC256 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC10
Rosa
UC78
Nicaragua
San
UC9
Ignacio
Rosa
UC8
UC2
Nicaragua
Rosa
Nicaragua
Rosa
San
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC162
UC164
Nicaragua
Ignacio
Nicaragua
UC244
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
UC201
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
UC11
Cebra
UC12
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC13
Cebra
UC27
Cebra
UC124
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC125
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC140
Nicaragua
Oregona
UC171
Lisa
UC172
UC221
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC234
Rosa
UC246
Cebra
UC248
Lisa
UC249
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC189
UC190
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC29
Rosa
Nicaragua
UC30
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC67
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC68
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC88
Rosa
UC89
Rosa
UC90
Rosa
UC163
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC168
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC170
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC220
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC232
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC233
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC241
Nicaragua
Rosa
Nicaragua
UC169
Cebra
UC173
Lisa
UC240
UC118
Nicaragua
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC46
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC48
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC119
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC76
Armando
Nicaragua
UC77
Armando
Nicaragua
UC126
Armando
UC127
Nicaragua
Armando
UC128
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
UC25
Armando
Nicaragua
UC75
Armando
Nicaragua
UC224
Armando
Nicaragua
UC26
Armando
Nicaragua
UC98
Armando
Nicaragua
UC272
UC273
H. polyrhizus
Nicaragua
Nicargua
Rosa
Armando
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
UC174
San
Ignacio
Nicargua
UC202
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
UC35
San
Ignacio
UC80
San
Ignacio
UC36
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 6
UC247
Cebra
UC274
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 1
U C 1 4 2
UC269
Orejona
UC270
Nicaragua
Orejona
UC47
Orejona
UC66
Lisa
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 0 2
UC219
Cebra
UC120
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC123
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 7
UC187
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC229 Physical Graffiti Florida
U C 1 0 3
U C 1 0 4
U C 1 5 0
UC109 MX El Grullo Mexico
UC133 MX El Grullo Mexico
UC45 MX El Grullo
UC107
Valdivia
Roja
UC262
Valdivia
Roja
San
Diego
San
Diego
U C 2 1 4
UC178
Valdivia
Roja
San
Diego
San
Diego
U C 2 1 5
UC199
Valdivia
UC20
Valdivia
U194
Bien
Roja
Roja
Florida
0.01 changes
UPGMA
UC111
UC129
UC130
Hoa
Bien
Red
Hao
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
San
Red
Diego
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Red
San
Diego
Red
San
U C 1 4 8
U C 1 4 9
UC196
UC242
UC276
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Red
San
UC55
American
Beauty
UC56
American
Beauty
UC110
Bien
Diego
Diego
Diego
Florida
Florida
Hao
Red
San
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
U C 1 5 8
UC195
Bien
Diego
U C 2 1 0
UC60
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
UC61
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
UC62
Bien
Hoa
Red
San
Diego
UC37
American
Beauty
UC41
Bien
Red
UC243
Hoa
Bien
Hoa
Florida
San
Red
Diego
San
Diego
U C 1 5 3
U C 1 5 5
UC91
Haleys
Comet
H. guatemalensis
Florida
U C 1 0 1
U C 1 0 5
U C 1 0 6
UC139
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
U C 1 4 3
U C 1 4 4
U C 1 4 5
UC182
UC183
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
Florida
Kitchen
Florida
U C 2 1 2
U C 2 1 3
U C 2 1 7
UC5
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC7
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC82
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
U C 1 6 0
U C 1 6 1
U C 2 0 7
U C 2 0 8
UC83
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC84
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC96
Seoul
Kitchen
Florida
UC97
Seoul
UC266
UC267
UC6
Kitchen
Florida
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
Kitchen
Seoul
UC115
Kitchen
Florida
Florida
Florida
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
UC15
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
UC16
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
UC116
UC93
Vietnamese
Giant
Vietnamese
Giant
Florida
Florida
U C 1 5 3
UC180
Mexicana
UC181
Nicaragua
Mexicana
UC203
Nicaragua
Mexican
UC204
UC52
UC53
Nicaragua
Mexican
Nicaragua
Mexicana
Nicaragua
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC54
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC72
Mexicana
Nicaragua
UC73
Mexicana
UC74
Mexicana
UC94
Vietnamese
UC205
San
Delight
Florida
Delight
Florida
UC134
UC136
UC175
UC179
UC18
UC184
UC19
UC197
UC198
UC21
UC257
Diego
Nicaragua
Kitchen
UC113
UC114
UC178
Florida
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Undatus
Mexicana
Seoul
Delight
Florida
Florida
Delight
Florida
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Florida
Comet
Haleys
Comet
Delight
Florida
Florida
Florida
Haleys
Comet
Haleys
Haleys
Delight
Florida
Comet
Florida
Comet
Florida
Florida
Haleys
Comet
UC258
Haleys
Comet
UC259
Haleys
Comet
UC38
Delight
Florida
UC39
Delight
Florida
Florida
Florida
Florida
UC22
Delight
Nicaragua
UC237
Delight
Florida
Hybrids
U C 1 5 1
U C 1 5 2
UC230 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC231 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC50 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC51 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC81
H. undatas
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Mexicana
Mexicana
H
UC179
UC191
Giant
Mexican
UC264
UC44
UC99
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC86 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC87 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC49 Physical Graffiti Florida
U C 1 5 7
UC165
UC166
UC167
UC17
Physical
Graffiti
Physical
Graffiti
Physical
Graffiti
Haleys
Comet
Florida
UC85 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC239
Delight
Florida
UC92 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC254
Physical
UC108
Sin
UC200
UC34
UC57
UC58
UC59
Graggiti
Florida
Nicaragua
Ignacio
Espinas
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Espinas
Espinas
Espinas
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Sin
Espinas
Sin
Espinas
Colombiana
UC138
UC71
Espinas
San
Sin
Sin
Sin
Sin
UC132
UC222
UC137
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
U C 2 0 6
UC70
UC95
Colombiana
Yellow
UC275
UC63
Dragon
Florida
Colombiana
UC251
Yellow
Colombiana
UC253
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Dragon
Yellow
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
Dragon
UC64
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
UC65
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
UC69
UC42
UC43
Colobiana
Yellow
Colombiana
Colombia
Colombiana
UC236
Dragon
Colombia
Colobiana
UC235
Colombiana
Yellow
Dragon
Yellow
Dragon
Hylocereus sp.
H. megalanthus
UC256 Physical Graffiti Florida
UC10
UC78
UC9
UC8
Rosa
San
UC201
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
San
UC244
UC11
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC164
UC2
Ignacio
Rosa
Rosa
UC162
Nicaragua
Ignacio
Nicaragua
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
Cebra
Nicaragua
UC12
Cebra
Nicaragua
UC13
Cebra
Nicaragua
UC27
Cebra
UC124
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC125
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC140
Nicaragua
Oregona
UC171
Lisa
UC172
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC190
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC221
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC234
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC246
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC248
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC249
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Lisa
UC189
Nicaragua
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC29
Rosa
Nicaragua
UC30
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC67
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC68
Lisa
Nicaragua
UC88
Rosa
UC89
Rosa
UC90
Rosa
UC163
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC168
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC170
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC220
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC232
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC233
Nicaragua
Rosa
UC241
Nicaragua
Rosa
Nicaragua
UC169
Cebra
UC173
Lisa
UC240
Nicaragua
Nicargua
Rosa
UC118
Nicaragua
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC46
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC48
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC119
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC76
Armando
Nicaragua
UC77
Armando
Nicaragua
UC126
Armando
UC127
UC25
UC75
Nicaragua
Armando
UC128
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
UC98
Armando
Nicaragua
UC272
UC273
UC174
Armando
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
San
UC202
Ignacio
San
H. polyrhizus
Nicaragua
Armando
Armando
Armando
UC224
UC26
Nicargua
Ignacio
UC35
San
Ignacio
UC80
San
Ignacio
UC36
San
Ignacio
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 6
UC247
Cebra
UC274
Nicaragua
Armando
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 1
U C 1 4 2
UC269
Orejona
UC270
Nicaragua
Orejona
UC47
Orejona
UC66
Lisa
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 0 2
UC219
Cebra
UC120
Nicaragua
Cebra
UC123
Lisa
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
U C 1 4 7
UC187
Orejona
Nicaragua
UC229 Physical Graffiti Florida
U C 1 0 3
U C 1 0 4
U C 1 5 0
UC109 MX El Grullo Mexico
UC133 MX El Grullo Mexico
UC45 MX El Grullo
UC107
Valdivia
Roja
UC262
Valdivia
Roja
San
Diego
San
Diego
U C 2 1 4
UC178
Valdivia
Roja
San
Diego
San
Diego
H. ocamponis
U C 2 1 5
UC199
UC20
Valdivia
Valdivia
Roja
Roja
Florida
0.01 changes
13
8/26/14
American Beauty
Bien Hoa Red
Lisa
Rosa
Oregona
Cebra
14
8/26/14
DNA'Work'Results!
•  Seoul!Kitchen,!Vietnamese!Giant,!Bien!Hoa!White!and!
Mexicana!>!!White!fleshed!varie3es,!closely!related>grouped!
as!Hylocereus*undatus*
•  Bien!Hoa!Red!and!American!Beauty!–!iden3cal,!grouped!as!
Hylocereus*guatemalensis*species!from!Guatemala!
•  Delight,!Haley s!Comet!and!Physical!Graffi3!>!very!closely!
related!hybrids!
•  Yellow!Dragon!and!Colombiana!–!iden3cal,!grouped!as!!!
Hylocereus*megalanthus*!from!Northern!South!America!
DNA'Work'Results,'Cont d.!
•  All!red>fleshed!accessions!origina3ng!from!Nicaragua!are!
very!closely!related.!However,!two!clusters!were!found!with!
Lisa,!Rosa!and!Cebra!in!one!cluster!and!Armando!and!San!
Ignacio!in!another.!These!accessions!could!be!grouped!under!
Hylocereus*costaricensis*or*Hylocereus*polyrhizus.**
•  Sin!Espinas,!originally!from!Nicaragua!is!the!only!thornless!
variety!and!appears!to!be!different!from!other!Nicaraguan!
accessions!(puta3vely!undescribed!Hylocereus*sp.)!
•  Valdivia!Roja,!El!Grullo!and!other!similarly!looking!accessions!
from!Mexico!are!very!closely!related!and!could!be!grouped!
as!Hylocereus*ocamponis.*
15
8/26/14
DNA'Work'Results,'Cont d.!
•  DNA!Analysis!confirmed!suspicions!about!
duplica3on!of!entries!among!named!varie3es!based!
on!field!observa3ons!and!data!collected!from!our!
field!trials!
•  With!the!excep3on!of!Sin!Espinas,!all!accessions!
cluster!based!on!geographic!origin!and!match!the!
descrip3ons!of!species!iden3fied!in!those!regions!
•  More!work!needed!to!iden3fy!specific!markers!for!
each!of!the!species!reported/iden3fied!in!order!to!
classify!all!accessions!properly!
16