El casament de Bernat III de Besalú: lluita

$0,&6'(%(6$/Ò,(/6(8&207$7&(175('¶(678',6
4XDGHUQVGHOHV$VVHPEOHHVG¶(VWXGLV
Q~P
ISSN: 2385-3336
p. 183-192
El casament de Bernat III de Besalú:
lluita fratricida i annexió territorial entorn del 1111
MARTÍ AURELL
Université de Poitiers — CESCM
PDUWLQDXUHOO#XQLYSRLWLHUVIU
183
4XDGHUQVGHOHV$VVHPEOHHVG¶(VWXGLV
Q~P
p. 183-192
0$57Ë$85(//
El casament de Bernat III de Besalú:
lluita fratricida i annexió territorial
entorn del 11111
Resum
(OHOFDVDPHQWGH%HUQDW,,,GH%HVDO~L;LPHQD¿OODGH5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,SUHSDUDODLQWHJUDFLy
GH%HVDO~D%DUFHORQD*UjFLHVDODULTXHVDGHODGRFXPHQWDFLyGLSORPjWLFDV¶LQWHQWDFRPSUHQGUHOHV
UDRQVTXHH[SOLTXHQDTXHVWD³DOLDQoD´HQHOVHQWLWDQWURSROzJLFGHODSDUDXODSDUODTXDOGXHVQLVVDJXHVXWLOLW]HQSHUDOHVVHYHVHVWUDWqJLHVPDWULPRQLDOVLSDWULPRQLDOVXQDQHQD;LPHQDQRPpVWpVLV
DQ\VHO(OFRQWH[WpVOODYRUVGHOOXLWHVLQWUDIDPLOLDUVLIHXGDOV%HUQDW,,,pV¿OOGH*XLOOHP,,FRPWH
TXHOHVGesta comitum BarchinonensiumGLXHQTXHYDVHURFFLWSHOVHXJHUPjVHJXUDPHQW%HUQDW,,
$TXHVWDVVDVVLQDWSRGULDVHUYHUGDGHUDOVHJOH;,OHVJXHUUHVLPDWDQFHVHQWUHJHUPDQVSHUODVXFFHVVLyVyQIUHTHQWVD2FFLGHQW$OWUHVGRQHVFRP6DQoDGH%DUFHORQDJHUPDQDGH5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU
,,LQWHUYHQHQWDPEpHQODPDWHL[DSROtWLFDTXHIDUjSRVVLEOHODXQLyDPE%DUFHORQDQRVROVGH%HVDO~
VLQyWDPEpGH&HUGDQ\D
Paraules clau: ;LPHQDGH%DUFHORQD6DQoDGH%DUFHORQD5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,GH%DUFHORQD%HUQDW,,,GH%HVDOGesta comitum barchinonensiumDOLDQoDIUDWULFLGLKLVWzULDGHOHVGRQHVFDVDPHQW
HVWUDWqJLHVPDWULPRQLDOV
Résumé
(QOHPDULDJHGH%HUQDUG,,,GH%HVDOXHW;LPHQD¿OOHGH5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,SUpSDUHO¶LQWpJUDWLRQGH%HVDOXj%DUFHORQH*UkFHjODULFKHVVHGHODGRFXPHQWDWLRQGLSORPDWLTXHRQWHQWHUDGHFRPSUHQGUHOHVUDLVRQVGHFHWWH³DOOLDQFH´DXVHQVDQWKURSRORJLTXHGXWHUPHSDUODTXHOOHGHX[G\QDVWLHV
XWLOLVHQWDXVHUYLFHGHOHXUVVWUDWpJLHVPDWULPRQLDOHVHWSDWULPRQLDOHVXQH¿OOH;LPHQDHVWkJpHGH
VHXOHPHQWVL[DQVHQ/HFRQWH[WHHVWDX[OXWWHVLQWUDIDPLDOHVHWIpRGDOHV%HUQDUG,,,HVWOH¿OVGH
*XLOOHP,,TXHOHVGesta comitum BarchinonensiumGLVHQWWXpSDUVRQSURSUHIUqUHYUDLVHPEODEOHPHQW
%HUQDUG,,&HWDVVDVVLQDWSRXUUDLWDYRLUHXOLHXDX;,HVLqFOHOHVJXHUUHVHWPDVVDFUHVHQWUHIUqUHV
SRXUODVXFFHVVLRQVRQWIUpTXHQWVHQ2FFLGHQW'¶DXWUHVIHPPHVFRPPH6DQoDGH%DUFHORQHV°XU
GH5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,VRQWpJDOHPHQWLQWHUYHQXHVGDQVODPrPHSROLWLTXHTXLDERXWLUDjO¶XQLRQDYHF
%DUFHORQHQRQVHXOHPHQWGH%HVDOXPDLVGH&HUGDJQH
Mots-clés: ;LPHQD GH %DUFHORQH 6DQFKD GH %DUFHORQH 5DPRQ %HUHQJXHU ,,, GH %DUFHORQH %HUQDUG,,,GH%HVDOXGesta Comitum BarchinonensiumDOOLDQFHIUDWULFLGHKLVWRLUHdes femmes, mariage,
VWUDWpJLHVPDWULPRQLDOHV
Abstract
7KHPDUULDJHRI%HUQDUG,,,RI%HVDOXDQG;LPHQDGDXJKWHURI5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,SUHSDUHV
WKHLQWHJUDWLRQRIFRXQW\RI%HVDOXLQ%DUFHORQD¶V8VLQJWKHULFKGLSORPDWLFGRFXPHQWVUHODWHGWRLWWKH
DXWKRUDWWHPSWVWRXQGHUVWDQGWKHUHDVRQVIRUWKLV³DOOLDQFH´LQWKHDQWKURSRORJLFDOVHQVHRIWKHZRUG
/¶DXWRUDJUHL[VLQFHUDPHQWD-RVHS0DULD6DOUDFKL0HUFq$YHQWLQSHUDODVHYDLQYLWDFLyDSURQXQFLDUDTXHVWDSRQqQFLDLWDPEp
HOV DPLFV GH %HVDO~ L HVSHFLDOPHQW OD VHYD SUHVLGHQWD 7XUD &ODUj SHU OD TXDOLWDW GH OD VHYD DFROOLGD L GH O¶RUJDQLW]DFLy GHO
FRQJUpV/DSUHVHQWSRQqQFLDHVEDVDSULQFLSDOPHQWHQODQRVWUDUHFHUFDLes Noces del comte: matrimoni i poder a Catalunya
(785-1213), %DUFHORQD>@
184
4XDGHUQVGHOHV$VVHPEOHHVG¶(VWXGLV
Q~P
p. 183-192
(/&$6$0(17'(%(51$7,,,'(%(6$/Ò//8,7$)5$75,&,'$,$11(;,Ï7(55,725,$/(17251'(/
%RWKSULQFHO\KRXVHVXVHDJLUO;LPHQDZKRZDVRQO\VL[\HDUVROGLQLQRUGHUWRVXFFHHGLQWKHLU
PDWULPRQLDO DQG SDWULPRQLDO VWUDWHJLHV7KH FRQWH[W LV LQWUDIDPLO\ DQG IHXGDO VWUXJJOHV %HUQDUG ,,, LV
WKHVRQRIFRXQW*XLOOHP,,DERXWZKRPWKHGesta Comitum BarchinonensiumDVVHUWVKHZDVVODLQE\
KLVEURWKHUSUREDEO\%HUQDUG,,7KLVPXUGHUFRXOGEHWUXHLQHOHYHQWKFHQWXU\ZDUVDQGPDVVDFUHV
EHWZHHQEURWKHUVIRUDVXFFHVVLRQDUHFRPPRQLQWKH:HVW2WKHUZRPHQOLNH6DQFKDRI%DUFHORQD
VLVWHURI5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,DOVRWDNHSDUWLQWKHVDPHSROLF\WKDWZLOODOORZWKHXQLRQWR%DUFHORQD
QRWRQO\RI%HVDOXEXWDOVRRI&HUGDQ\D
Keywords: ;LPHQDRI%DUFHORQD6DQFKDRI%DUFHORQD5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,RI%DUFHORQD%HUQDUG,,,
RI%HVDO~*HVWD&RPLWXP%DUFKLQRQHQVLXPDOOLDQFHIUDWULFLGHKLVWRU\RIZRPHQPDUULDJHPDWULPRQLDOVWUDWHJ\
8QDGHOHVUDRQVODQRVWUDPDQLIHVWDFLyFLHQWt¿FDHVGHFRPPHPRUDUHOQRYqFHQWHQDULGHODLQFRUSRUDFLyGHOFRPWDWGH%HVDO~DODVRELUDQLDGHO&DVDOGH%DUFHORQD&RPWRWKRPVDSO¶HVGHYHQLPHQWTXHKR
YDSHUPHWUHMXUtGLFDPHQWO¶DQ\YDVHUHOFDVDPHQWGH%HUQDW,,,~OWLPFRPWHGHO&DVDOGH%HVDO~
DPE ;LPHQD ¿OOD GH 5DPRQ %HUHQJXHU ,,, GH %DUFHORQD /¶KjELO SROtWLFD PDWULPRQLDO G¶DTXHVW FRPWH
MDHVSUHVHQWjHODOD,$VVHPEOHDG¶(VWXGLVGHO&RPWDWGH%HVDO~SHOJHQHDORJLVWDKRQJDUqV
6]DEROFVGH9DMD\24XDUDQWDDQ\VGHVSUpVLDOD;,$VVHPEOHDQRHVWUDFWDHYLGHQWPHQWGHIHUXQD
UHFHUFDLGqQWLFD0pVDYLDWV¶DQDOLW]DUDQHOVGRFXPHQWVGHOFDVDPHQWGH%HUQDW,,,L;LPHQDLQWHQWDQW
FRPSUHQGUHOHVUDRQVTXHO¶H[SOLTXHQHQXQFRQWH[WGHOOXLWHVLQWUDIDPLOLDUVLIHXGDOV
3HUHQWHQGUHODOzJLFDGHOHVHVWUXFWXUHVGHSDUHQWLXHOVDQWURSzOHJVGLVWLQJHL[HQOD¿OLDFLyLO¶DOLDQoD
/D¿OLDFLyGHVLJQDHOVOOLJDPVGHGHVFHQGqQFLDLGHFRQVDQJXLQLWDWGHJXWVDODSURFUHDFLy3HUzDTXt
HVSDUODUjVREUHWRWG¶DOLDQoDVLQzQLP²DPEPROWVPDWLVRVSHUDO¶qSRFDPHGLHYDO²GHFDVDPHQW
7HzULFDPHQWHOVYLQFOHVGHOD¿OLDFLyQRV¶HVFROOHL[HQOOLXUHPHQWLHQFDQYLHOVGHO¶DOLDQoDVt/DTHVWLy
pVGHVDEHUTXLGHFLGHL[DOVHJOHXIIDO¶DULVWRFUjFLDG¶2FFLGHQWXQHQOODo&RQWUjULDPHQWDOTXHGHVLWMDYHQOODYRUVDOJXQVWHzOHJVGHO¶jPELWJUHJRULjHOOOLXUHFRQVHQWLPHQWGHOVGRVFzQMXJHVQRH[LVWLDJDLUH
HQDTXHOODqSRFD3HUDL[zODSDUDXODDOLDQoDFRQYpSHUIHFWDPHQWUHVXPHL[EpODSUHVqQFLDGHGRV
JUXSVGHSDUHQWLXTXHV¶DFRUGHQSHUDXQLUVH(OVQXELVV¶XWLOLW]HQGRQFVFRPREMHFWHVG¶LQWHUFDQYLSHU
REWHQLUXQVREMHFWLXVSROtWLFVLPDWHULDOVLQWHUHVVDQWWRWDODQLVVDJD&RQ¿UPHQXQDFRQYHQFLyRDFRUG
PLWMDQoDQWOHVVHYHVQRFHV(QDTXHVWHVTXHPDWUDGLFLRQDOGHSDUHQWLXHOSDWULPRQLDOLHOPDWULPRQLDO
es barregen.
'HVSUpVG¶DTXHVWVSUHVVXSRVDWVWHzULFVFDOUHFRUGDUGHIRUPDPpVFRQFUHWDHOVHVGHYHQLPHQWVTXH
IDQRXVHJOHVYDQIDFLOLWDUODXQLyGH%HVDO~DPE%DUFHORQD*XLOOHP,,FRPWHGH%HVDO~IRXPRUWDO
LQRPpVGHL[jXQ¿OOGHOVHX~QLFPDWULPRQLDPE(VWHIDQLDGH3URYHQoD%HUQDW,,,$ODPRUWGH
ODVHYDGRQD*XLOOHP,,WDPEpYDWHQLUSHUQ~ELD/O~FLDGHOD0DUFDFXQ\DGDGH5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,
SHUzDTXHVWPDWULPRQLQRHVFRQFUHWjPDL/DUXSWXUDGHOFRPSURPtVOLYDOJXpO¶HQHPLVWDWGHOFRPWHGH
%DUFHORQD0pVGHFLVLYDPHQWODVHYDSURJHQLWXUDQRHUDSURXQRPEURVDLDTXHVWFDVDPHQWSRWVHUOL
KDXULDGRQDWDOWUHV¿OOVHYLWDQWHOSUREOHPDVXFFHVVRULTXHFRQGHPQjODVXSHUYLYqQFLDGHODVHYDQLVVDJDDOFDSGDYDQWGHOFRPWDWGH%HVDO~3.
*XLOOHP,,pVFRQHJXWSHUOHVGesta comitum Barchinonesium, UHGDFWDGHVD5LSROOD¿QDOVGHOVHJOHXII,
XQVFHQWYLQWDQ\VGHVSUpVGHODVHYDPRUW/HVGesta SDUOHQGH*XLOOHP,,DPEHOVREUHQRPGHOPXWLODWGLXHQTXHSRUWDYDXQQDVSRVWtVSUREDEOHPHQWSHUDTXHVWDPXWLODFLyTXHHUDPROWFROqULFLTXHHO
VHXJHUPjPDWHL[DPEDOJXQVEDURQVFRQVHQWLUHQHQHOVHXDVVDVVLQDW4$TXHVWUHWUDWWDQQHJDWLXVREUH
³/¶DVSHFWSROLWLTXHGHVWURLVPDULDJHVGH5DLPRQG%pUDQJHUOH*UDQG´Amics de Besalú. I Assemblea d’Estudis del seu Comtat,
2ORWS
3 AURELL, Les Noces del comte…, p. 262-276.
4 *XLOOHOPXPFRJQRPHQWR7UXQQXPHRTXRGQDVXP¿FWLWLXPKDEHUHWHW%HUQDUGXP*XLOOHOPL*XLOOHOPXVDXWHP7UXQQXVFXP
vir iracundus atque ire impatentissimus haberetur, consensu, ut fertur, fratris sui atque quorundam procerum suorum interfectus
185
4XDGHUQVGHOHV$VVHPEOHHVG¶(VWXGLV
Q~P
p. 183-192
0$57Ë$85(//
*XLOOHP,,LODVHYDIDPtOLDSRGULDVHUXQDH[DJHUDFLyGHODSURSDJDQGDGHOVFRPWHVGH%DUFHORQDFRQWUDHOVGH%HVDO~$IDYRUG¶DTXHVWDKLSzWHVLFDOGLUTXHHOIUDWULFLGLHUDOODYRUVXQDDFXVDFLyIUHTHQW
6¶DWULEXHL[VRYLQWDOYHUtTXDQHVWUDFWDGHXQDPRUWQDWXUDOLVREWDGDLDTXHVWDDFXVDFLyGHVSUHVWLJLD
HOTXHDFRQVHJXHL[HOSRGHUGHVSUpVGHODGHVDSDULFLyLQHVSHUDGDGHOSDUHQW
*DLUHEp VHPSUH FRQWUD OD OOHL VXFFHVVzULD KDELWXDO TXH GHFUHWD TXH HO ¿OO KHUHWL GHO SDUH XQ JHUPj
V¶DSUR¿WDGHO¶RSRUWXQDGHIXQFLy&RQWUjULDPHQWDOTXHSRGUtHPSHQVDUHOIUDWULFLGLpVPROWIUHTHQWHQWUHHOVPHPEUHVGHOHVQLVVDJXHVUHLDOVLFRPWDOVGHO¶qSRFDGH*XLOOHP,,3HOVVHJOHVXI i XII, KHPWUREDW
DOPHQ\VGHXDVVDVVLQDWVRJXHUUHVG¶DTXHVWDFDWHJRULD(OODPRUWGH5LFDUG,,,GH1RUPDQGLD
pVDWULEXwGDDOYHUtGHOVHXJHUPj5REHUWGH+LpPRLVTXHHOYDVXFFHLU(O*HRIIURLHO%DUEXW
FRPWHG¶$QMRXpVHPSUHVRQDWSHU)RXOTXH,9HOVHXJHUPjSHWLW$OD3HQtQVXOD,EqULFDpVSURXFRQHJXWO¶DVVDVVLQDWGH6DQo,,GH&DVWHOODHOTXHHO&LGDWULEXHL[D$OIRQV9,GH/OHySRFDEDQVDOLDW
GH6DQoSHUSUHQGUH*DOtFLDDO¶DOWUHJHUPj*DUFLD(O6DQo*DUFLDGH1DYDUUDpVHPSqVDXQ
EDUUDQFSHOVVHXVJHUPjLJHUPDQD3HOTXHIDDOVFRPWHVFDWDODQVHOD5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,GH
%DUFHORQDHOGLXHQDVVDVVLQDWSHOVHXJHUPjSHWLW%HUHQJXHU5DPRQ,,(QWUHHOLHOXQD
JXHUUDGHVXFFHVVLyHVSURGXHL[HQWUHHOVWUHV¿OOVGH*XLOOHPHO&RQTXHULGRUUHLG¶$QJODWHUUD(QULF,
HOJHUPjSHWLWDFXVDWGHO¶DFFLGHQWGHFDoDHQTXqYDPRULU*XLOOHP5XIXVPDQWpO¶DOWUHJHUPj5REHUW
&RXUWHKHXVHWRWDODYLGDDODSUHVy(O(OtDVFRPWHGHO0DLQHHVUHYROWDFRQWUDHOVHXJHUPj
JUDQ*HRIIURLOH%HOFRPWHG¶$QMRXTXHO¶HPSUHVRQDPROWVDQ\V(O(QULF,,GXFGH1RUPDQGLD
GHVSRVVHHL[SHUODIRUoDHOVHXJHUPjSHWLW*HRIIURLGHOFRPWDWG¶$QMRXTXHKDYLDUHEXWGHOVHXSDUH
HQWHVWDPHQW(O6DQoUHEXWMDOD¿GHOLWDWSHUDOD3URYHQoDTXHGHXDOVHXJHUPjJUDQ$OIRQVHO
&DVWFRPWHGH%DUFHORQDLUHLG¶$UDJyLV¶DOLDDPEHOVVHXVHQHPLFV(OHOUHL(PHULFG¶+RQJULD
pVGHUURWDWDODEDWDOODGH0DFVHNSHOVHXJHUPj%HODDOTXDOKDGHFHGLUHOVGXFDWVGH&URjFLDL'DOPjFLD5/DOOLVWDSRGULDDPSOLDUVHDOVVHJOHVDQWHULRUVLSRVWHULRUVeVOODUJDUHSHWLWLYDLDYRUULGDDUDEp
PROWLQVWUXFWLYD5HYHODTXHHOIUDWULFLGLPHGLHYDOUHDORVLPEzOLFHQOORFGHVHUXQHSLIHQRPHQXQHVGHYHQLPHQWVXSHU¿FLDOLH[FHSFLRQDOpVXQ³IHWVRFLDOWRWDO´TXHVHJRQVODIDPRVDGH¿QLFLyGHOHWQzOHJ
0DUFHO0DXVV³SUHVHQWDDOKRUDLGHVREWHWRWHVOHVLQVWLWXFLRQV6´eVDGLUTXHpVPROWLQVWUXFWLXVREUH
ODIDPtOLDGHO¶DULVWRFUjFLDPLOLWDULVREUHOHVVHYHVOOXLWHVVXFFHVVzULHV'yQDSURWDJRQLVPHDOjuvenis,
DOMRYHTXHHVYROHPDQFLSDUSHUOHVDUPHVGHODWXWHODGHOSULPRJqQLWHOVHXJHUPjJUDQLREWHQLUG¶HOO
XQSDWULPRQL7.
/D OOXLWD HQWUH JHUPDQV LOāOXVWUD FRP IXQFLRQD O¶HL[ GH OD ¿OLDFLy HOV OOLJDPV GH OD FRQVDQJXLQLWDW TXH
UHEHP L TXH QR HVFROOLP SDV $TXHVWV YLQFOHV VyQ WDPEp XQD FRQVWUXFFLy VRFLDO L QR H[FOXVLYDPHQW
ELROzJLFDFRPKRGHPRVWUDODSDUWPpVLPSRUWDQWGHVSUpVGHO¶DQ\PLOGHODSULPRJHQLWXUD(OWHPDpV
EHQFRQHJXWD&DWDOXQ\DJUjFLHVDOOOLEUHGH/OXLV7y8/¶DVFHQVLyMXUtGLFDUHFHQWGHOSULPRJqQLWSURYRFD
WHQVLRQVLUHDFFLRQVGHYHJDGHVYLROHQWHVGHOVIDGULQVGHOVPpVMRYHVGHODIDPtOLD
3DUDOāOHODPHQWDOD¿OLDFLyFDOHVWXGLDUO¶DOLDQoDHQODKLVWzULDGHOVFRPWHVGH%HVDO~HQWRUQGHO
'HVDSDUHJXW*XLOOHP,,HOVHXJHUPj%HUQDW,,VXVSHFWHG¶KDYHUORDVVDVVLQDWFRQWURODHOFRPWDWGH%HVDO~(OVHXSRGHUpVLQFO~VR¿FLDODSURYDWSHUO¶DULVWRFUjFLDORFDOFRPKRSURYDHOWtWROGHFRPWHTXHSRUWDDOVSHUJDPLQV(VSRWSDUODUG¶XQDXVXUSDFLyGHSDUWVHYD"*XLOOHP,,WHQLDXQ¿OO%HUQDW
TXHVHJRQVODFRVWXPGHO¶DQ\PLOKDXULDGHJRYHUQDUTXDQWLQJXpVPDMRULDG¶HGDWIHWTXHYDDUULEDU
FDSDO3HUDL[zODKLSzWHVLVHJRQODTXDOHOVHXGHVDOORWMDPHQWRDSDUWDPHQWGHOWURQFRPWDOHV
est: L. BARRAU DIHIGO, J. MASSÓ I TORRENTS HGVGesta comitum Barcinonensium: textos llatí i català, %DUFHORQD>@
p. 10, 9,
&DVRVSUHVHQWDWVDODQRVWUD³,QWURGXFWLRQ5RPSUHODFRQFRUGHIDPLOLDOHW\SRORJLHLPDJLQDLUHTXHVWLRQQHPHQWV´D0AURELL
(dir.), La Parenté déchirée: les luttes intrafamiliales au Moyen Âge, 7XUQKRXWS
³(VVDLVXUOHGRQ´>@D0MAUSS, Sociologie et anthropologie, Paris, 2001, p. 147.
/¶DUWLFOHFOjVVLFDSDUHJXWHOpVGH*DUBY³/HVµMHXQHV¶GDQVODVRFLpWpDULVWRFUDWLTXHGDQVOD)UDQFHGX1RUG2XHVWDX
;,,HVLqFOH´UHSXEOLFDWD*DUBY, Féodalité, 3DULVS9HJHXXQFDVHVWXGLDWPpVUHFHQWPHQW9/PUCCETTI, Un
fantasma letterario: il “Re Giovane” del 1RYHOOLQR%ROzQLD
8 L. TO FIGUERAS, Família i hereu a la Catalunya Nord-Oriental (segles X-XII), %DUFHORQD
186
4XDGHUQVGHOHV$VVHPEOHHVG¶(VWXGLV
Q~P
p. 183-192
(/&$6$0(17'(%(51$7,,,'(%(6$/Ò//8,7$)5$75,&,'$,$11(;,Ï7(55,725,$/(17251'(/
GHXULDDODVHYDLQYDOLGLWDWRLQFDSDFLWDWPHQWDOG¶DVVXPLUHOSRGHUGHOFRPWDWQRpVJDLUHDEVXUGD92
SRWVHUHOVQREOHVTXHV¶KDYLHQUHEHOāODWFRQWUDHOVHXSDUHDPE%HUQDW,,WHQLHQSRUGHOHVVHYHVUHSUHVjOLHVVLGHWHQLDHOSRGHUDEVROXW'HWRWHVPDQHUHVOHVIRQWVQRHQVGRQHQODUDyGHODWXWHODSHO
VHXRQFOHSDWHUQDFXVDWGHO¶DVVDVVLQDWGHOVHXSDUH1RPpVVDEHPTXHDTXHVWHVTXHPDUHFRUGDOD
UHODFLyFRHWjQLDHQWUH%HUHQJXHU5DPRQ,,GH%DUFHORQDLHOVHXQHERW5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,%HUQDW,,
YDPRULUO¶DQ\VHQVHGHVFHQGqQFLDGHOVHXFDVDPHQWDPE(UPHQJDUGD(OVHXQHERW%HUQDW,,,Wp
OODYRUVXQVFLQTXDQWDDQ\VLDSDUHL[FRPHOGDUUHUUHSUHVHQWDQWGHODGLQDVWLDDXWzFWRQD(OVHXHQWRUQ
DULVWRFUjWLFSUHSDUDODVHYDVXFFHVVLyDIDYRUGHOFRPWHGH%DUFHORQD
BESALÚ
BARCELONA
%HUQDW,, *XLOOHP,, D (VWHIDQLD>GH3URYHQoD@ (UPHQJDUGD
D /O~FLDGHOD0DUFD
1a
5DPRQ %HUHQJXHU ,,, D 0DULD5RGHULF
D $OPRGLV>GH0HOJXHL@
D 'ROoDGH3URYHQoD
1a
1a
%HUQDW,,, ;LPHQD
D 5RJHU,,,FRPWHGH)RL[
5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,QRPpVWpXQD¿OODGHOVHXSULPHUPDWULPRQLDPE0DULD5RGHULF¿OODGHO&LGSHUTXqHOFDVDPHQWYDGXUDUQRPpVDOJXQVPHVRVDFDXVDGHODPRUWUjSLGDGHO¶HVSRVD1DVFXGDFDS
HODTXHVWD¿OODHVGHLD;LPHQDQRPGHODVHYDjYLDPDWHUQDODGRQDGHO&LG(OGHVWtG¶DTXHVWD
QHQD PRVWUD FRP PDU[HQ OODYRUV OHV HVWUDWqJLHV PDWULPRQLDOV L SDWULPRQLDOV /¶RFWXEUH GH IRX
SURPHVDD%HUQDW,,,YHOOLPDODOWVREUHHOTXDOUHSRVDYDHOIXWXUGHOFRPWDWGH%HVDO~;LPHQDQRPpV
WHQLDGRVDQ\VG¶HGDWeVXQFDVGHSURPHWDWJHDOEUHVVROFRPYLQWLFLQFDQ\VGHVSUpVHOGH5DPRQ
%HUHQJXHU,9XQDOWUH¿OOGH5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,DPE3HURQHOODG¶$UDJy
&XURVDPHQWFRQVHUYDWVDO¶DU[LXGHOSDODXFRPWDOGH%DUFHORQDWUHVGRFXPHQWVGHVFULXHQO¶RUJDQLW]DFLyG¶DTXHVWHVWUDQ\SURPHWDWJHGH;LPHQDHQYLVWHVDXQPDWULPRQLDPE%HUQDW,,,TXHWHQLDWRWHVOHV
SRVVLELOLWDWVGHQRVHUPDLFRQVXPDWSHUzTXHKDYLDGHVHUPROWDYDQWDWMyVSHUD5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,
/¶G¶RFWXEUHGHHOVFRPWHVGH%DUFHORQDLGH%HVDO~HVUHXQHL[HQD*LURQDGRPLQLGHO%DUFHORQt
5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,GRQDODPjGHODVHYD¿OODD%HUQDW,,,ODQHQDDSRUWDULDFRPDKHUqQFLDHOFRPWDW
GH9LFDOVHXPDULW(OGRFXPHQWHQVGRQDXQYRFDEXODULEUXWDOHQFDUDTXHFOjVVLFVREUHODXWLOLW]DFLy
GHOHVQRLHVGHO¶DULVWRFUjFLDHQHOPDUFGHOHVHVWUDWqJLHVPDWULPRQLDOVdono atque trado, “et dono i
OOLXURODPHYD¿OOD´10(VWHPOOXQ\GHOOOLXUHFRQVHQWLPHQWTXHjODPDWHL[DqSRFDHOSDSD8UEj,,
SRVWXODYDSHUDXQDQHERGDG¶$OIRQVHO&DVWFRPWHGH%DUFHORQDLUHLG¶$UDJyTXHYROLDFDVDUOD
SHUODIRUoDDPEXQGHOVVHXVYDVVDOOV11.
8QD VHWPDQD PpV WDUG HQ XQD QRYD UHXQLy DTXHVWD YHJDGD D %HVDO~ %HUQDW ,,, GRQDYD D 5DPRQ
%HUHQJXHU ,,, WRWV HOV VHXV FRPWDWV GH %HVDO~ 5LSROO 9DOOHVSLU L WDPEp DO QRUG GHO 5RVVHOOy D OHV
9 S. SOBREQUÉS, Els grans comtes de Barcelona, %DUFHORQDS
10 (JR 5DLPXQGXV 'HL JUDWLD %DUFKLQRQHQVLV FRPHV HW PDUFKLR GRQR DWTXH WUDGR WLEL %HUQDUGH %LVXOGXQHQVLV FRPHV ¿OLDP
PHDPSUROHP0DULH5XGHULFLLQFRQLXJLXPHWGRQRDWTXHFRQFHGRHLGHP¿OLHPHHSRVWPRUWHPPHDPSURKHUHGLWDWHVXD
$XVRQHQVHPFRPLWDWXP>«@,WDWUDGRLQSRWHVWDWHP¿OLHPHHLDPGLFWHXWKDEHDWKHFRPQLDVROLGHHWOLEHUHSRVWPRUWHPPHDP
pro sua hereditate, tali modo, quod, si ipsa infantem non habuerit de prefato Bernardo, comite, ad diem mortis sue, deveniant hec
omnia superius scripta in dominium et potestatem iam dicti Bernardi, comitis, ad quodcumque voluerit IDFLHQGXPI. J. BAIGES,
G. FELIU, J. M. SALRACH GLUV Els pergamins de l’Arxiu Comtal de Barcelona de Ramon Berenguer II a Ramon Berenguer IV,
%DUFHORQDGRF
11 M. M. SHEEHAN³&KRLFHRI0DUULDJH3DUWQHULQWKH0LGGOH$JHV'HYHORSPHQWDQGMode of ASSOLFDWLRQRID7KHRU\RI0DUULDJH´
Studies in Medieval and Renaissance History, SS
187
4XDGHUQVGHOHV$VVHPEOHHVG¶(VWXGLV
Q~P
p. 183-192
0$57Ë$85(//
&RUEHUHVOD)HQROOHGDLHO3HUDSHUWXVqVµµSHUTXqWXHOVSRVVHHL[LVGHVSUpVGHODPHYDPRUWVLMRQR
REWLQFFDSQRLG¶XQDHVSRVDOHJtWLPD¶¶12&RPKHPYLVWODVHYDGRQDQRPpVWpGRVDQ\VKDXULDG¶HVSHUDUDOJXQVPpVDEDQVG¶XQLUVHDPEHOODGHXDOPHQ\VVHJRQVHOGUHWFDQzQLFGHO¶qSRFD7RWVHJXLW
%HUQDW,,,GH%HVDO~SUHVWDYDMXUDPHQWGH¿GHOLWDWDOFRPWHGH%DUFHORQDFRPSURPHWHQWVHDUHVSHFWDU
HOVVHXVEpQVLDVHUHOVHXDOLDW/LMXUDWDPEpH[SOtFLWDPHQWTXHUHVSHFWDUjODGRQDFLyTXHDFDEDGH
IHUOLHQHOGRFXPHQWSUHFHGHQW13$TXHVWMXUDPHQWGH¿GHOLWDWpVXQDFHULPzQLDEDQDOPROWIUHTHQWD
O¶qSRFDDO¶2FFLGHQWPHGLHYDOXQJHQGUHHVFRQYHUWHL[HQ¿GHOYDVVDOOGHOVHXVRJUH&DUHOTXHGRQD
XQD¿OODHVWjHQSRVLFLyGHVXSHULRULWDWDOTXHODUHSVRYLQWXQMRYHFDYDOOHUGHOVHXHQWRUQ7qFQLFDPHQW
HVSDUODG¶KLSHUJjPLDO¶KRPHHVFDVDDPEXQDGyQDG¶HVWDWXWVXSHULRUDODVHYD(OTXHpVHVWUDQ\HQ
HOFDVDPHQWGH;LPHQDpVTXH5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,HOVHXSDUHWpYLQWLFLQFDQ\VPHQ\VTXHHOJHQGUHHOSURPqVGHODVHYDSUzSLD¿OODWHQHQXQVLDQ\VUHVSHFWLYDPHQW;LPHQDQRPpVHQWpGRV
/DGLIHUqQFLDG¶HGDWMXJDYDDIDYRUGHOFRPWHGH%DUFHORQDTXHHVGHYLQJXpHOGDWDGHODPRUWGH
%HUQDW,,,HOVHXKHUHXXQLYHUVDOVHJRQVOHVFRQYHQFLRQVRDFRUGVTXHDFDEHPG¶DQDOLW]DU/HVOOHLVGHO
WHPSVVyQLQHOXFWDEOHVFDOFXODUOHVSHUDWUHXUH¶QSUR¿WpVHOWUHWGHOSROtWLFDVWXW
$ODVHYDSRQqQFLDDOQRVWUHFRQJUpV-RVHS0DULD6DOUDFKKDSUHVHQWDWGRVGRFXPHQWV¿QVIDSRFLQqGLWVSURYDQWXQDOWUHFDVDPHQWG¶XQ%HUQDWFRPWHGH%HVDO~1RWHQHQGDWDLSHUDL[zQRVDEUHPPDL
DPEVHJXUHWDWGHTXLQGHOVWUHV%HUQDWVGH%HVDO~HVWUDFWD/DSURSRVLFLyGHIHUQHHOPDWHL[%HUQDW
,,,pVSHUzEDVWDQWOzJLFDSHUTXqODGRQDFLyUHFRUGDOHVTXHDFDEHPG¶HVWXGLDUDPEHOVHXFDVDPHQW
DPE;LPHQD3HOSULPHUGRFXPHQW%HUQDWGyQDWRWVHOVVHXVFRPWDWVD6DQoDµµFRPWHVVDSHUODJUjFLD
GH'pX¶¶GHODTXDOHVSHUDWHQLU¿OOV/¶DFWHMXUtGLFQRpVHVWULFWDPHQWXQHVSRQVDOLFLTXHFHGLULDjOD
Q~ELDODGHVHQDRODWHUFHUDSDUWGHOVEpQVGHOPDULWVLQyXQDGRQDFLyHQWUHYLXVG¶DEVROXWDPHQWWRWV
HOVEpQVGHO¶HVSzV14eVSURXH[FHSFLRQDODODGRFXPHQWDFLyGHO¶qSRFDLFRPQRHOFRQVHUYHPHQOD
VHYDIRUPDRULJLQDOODSRVVLELOLWDWTXHVLJXLXQIDOoHODERUDWDODFDQFHOOHULDFRPWDOGH%DUFHORQDQRV¶KD
GHUHEXWMDU3HOVHJRQGRFXPHQWHOPDWHL[%HUQDWMXUD¿GHOLWDWDODPDWHL[DFRPWHVVD6DQoD154XLSRW
VHUDTXHVWD6DQoDVLHQ%HUQDWpVHOWHUFHU"$PESURXSUXGqQFLD-RVHS0DULD6DOUDFKHVSUHJXQWDVL
SRGULDVHUOD¿OODGH%HUHQJXHU5DPRQ,L6DQoDGH&DVWHOODTXHOLKDXULDWUDQVPqVHOVHX
QRP(OSUREOHPDpVTXHQRH[LVWHL[FDSDOWUHGRFXPHQWPHQFLRQDQWDTXHVWDQRLDLTXHVHJRQVHOQHFURORJLGH5LSROO166DQoDGH&DVWHOODYDPRULUHOR17/D¿OODSRGULDWHQLUGRQFVXQVTXDUDQWD
DQ\VRPpVHOTXDQDVVDVVLQDUHQ*XLOOHP,,SDUHGH%HUQDW,,,‚TXHGHXULDVHUPROWPpV
MRYH5HVQRGLXTXHO¶DOLDQoDPDWULPRQLDOHQWUHHOVGRVV¶HVWLSXOpVGHVHJXLGD9LVWO¶HGDWGHODIXWXUD
GRQDLODPHQFLyGHOV¿OOVTXHSRGULHQQpL[HUGHODXQLyDOGRFXPHQWGHGRQDFLyGHOVEpQVGH%HUQDW,,,
ODFURQRORJLDQRVHPEODJDLUHFRKHUHQW
8QDDOWUHKLSzWHVLPpVVHJXUDFRQVLVWLULDDIHUGH6DQoDOD¿OODPROWEHQGRFXPHQWDGDGH5DPRQ
%HUHQJXHU , &RQHL[HP HO VHX FDVDPHQW FDS HO DPE *XLOOHP 5DPRQ FRPWH GH
12 Ego Bernardus, Dei gracia Bisullunensis comes, propiciante Dei clemencia, dono et concedo tibi, Raimunde Berengarii,
Barchinonensis comes ac marchio, omnem honorem meum cum omnibus comitatibus mihi subiectis, scilicet Bisullunensi et
Rivispollensi et Valle Spirensi et Funolletensi et Perapertusensi […] ut tu predictus habeas omnia superius scripta post mortem
PHDP VL ¿OLXP PDVFXOXP QRQ KDEXHUR H[ GRWDWD FRQLXJH 6L YHUR ¿OLXP PDVFXOXP H[ GRWDWD FRQLXJH KDEXHUR SOHQDULH
remaneant omnia superius scripta in postestatem et baiuliam tuam usque ad annos quindecim, BAIGES, FELIU, SALRACH, Els
pergamins …,GRF;
13 ,XURHJR%HUQDUGXV'HLJUDFLD%LVXOOXQHQVLXPFRPHV¿OXV6WHSKDQLHIHPLQHWLELGRPQH5HLPXQGH%DUFKLQRQHQVLXPFRPHV
DFPDUFKLRTXRGDEKRGLHUQDGLHHWGHLQFHEV¿GHOLVHURWLEL>«@,QVXSHULXURWLELTXRGLSVXPGRQXPTXRGWLELIHFLGHKRQRUH
PHR¿GHOLWHUWHQHERHWDWWHQGDPWLELSHU¿GHPVLQHWXRengan,VLFXWLQVFULSWXUDFRQWLQHQWXUTXDPGHSUHIDWRKRQRUH¿HULLXVVL
HWSURSULDPDQX¿UPDYLHW¿UPDWXPLQSRWHVWDWHPWXDPWUDGLGLBAIGES, FELIU, SALRACH, Els pergamins …,GRF;
14 G. FELIU, J. M. SALRACH GLUVEls pergamins de l’Arxiu Comtal de Barcelona de Ramon Borrell a Ramon Berenguer I,%DUFHORQD
GRF
15 ,XURHJR%HUQDUGXV%LVLOGXQHQVLVFRPHVWLEL6DQWLHFRPLWLVVHTXRGDEDFRUDHWGHLQFHEV¿GHOLVHURWLELBAIGES, FELIU, SALRACH,
Els pergamins …,GRF
16 P. de BOFARULL, Los Condes de Barcelona vindicados, %DUFHORQD t. 1, p. 242
17 1RWtFLDSURVRSRJUj¿FDVREUH6DQoDGH%DUFHORQDD0AURELL³-DORQVSRXUXQHHQTXrWHVXUOHVVWUDWpJLHVPDWULPRQLDOHVGHV
FRPWHVFDWDODQV,;H;,HV´DSymposium internacional sobre els orígens de Catalunya (segles VIII-XI), %DUFHORQDW
p. 331-332, n° 37.
188
4XDGHUQVGHOHV$VVHPEOHHVG¶(VWXGLV
Q~P
p. 183-192
(/&$6$0(17'(%(51$7,,,'(%(6$/Ò//8,7$)5$75,&,'$,$11(;,Ï7(55,725,$/(17251'(/
&HUGDQ\DTXHDVVROtJUjFLHVDDTXHVWPDWULPRQLODWXWHODGH5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,GH%DUFHORQD¿OO
GHO&DSG¶(VWRSHVLQHERWGHODVHYDGRQD186DQoDKDXULDUHFXSHUDWWRWDO¶DXWRULWDWPRUDOGHODVHYD
QLVVDJDGHVSUpVGHOIUDWULFLGLLGHOGHVSUHVWLJLGHOVHX~QLFJHUPjYLX%HUHQJXHU5DPRQ,,$PEO¶DMXWGH
6DQoD*XLOOHP5DPRQYDSRGHUIHUVHUHVSHFWDUDOVDOWUHVFRPWDWVFDWDODQVLPpVFRQFUHWDPHQWDOYHt
FRPWDWGH%HVDO~9DPRULUGHVSUpVGHO19LVDEHPTXH6DQoDOLYDVREUHYLXUHDOPHQ\V¿QVDO
LSRWVHUPpVWHPSV20(QWUHGDWDGHODPRUWGHOVHXPDULWLGDWDGHOFRPSURPtVGH;LPHQD
GH%DUFHORQDDTXHVWDYtGXDGHODTXDOHOPDULWGHVDSDUHJXWWHQLDMDXQDFHUWDLQÀXqQFLDVREUH%HVDO~
SRGULDSHUIHFWDPHQWVHUODQ~ELDGH%HUQDW,,,TXHOLFHGtWRWVHOVVHXVGRPLQLVLTXHOLSUHVWjMXUDPHQW
GH¿GHOLWDW(Q¿QDVFXGDHQWRUQGHO21WLQGULDOODYRUVHQWUHWUHQWDFLQFLTXDUDQWDFLQFDQ\VLOD
FOjXVXODGHXQDHYHQWXDOGHVFHQGqQFLDDGTXLULULDXQDFHUWDFRKHUqQFLD
BARCELONA
Ramon Berenguer II ( 1082)
= Mafalda de Pulla-Calàbria
Berenguer Ramon (
1097)
CERDANYA
Sança = 3a Guillem Ramon ( 1098)
1a = Adelaida de Carcassona
2a = Elisabet d’Urgell
Clemencia
= Arnau Riculf de Son
Enric, vescomte
Bernat Guillem (
Constança = Guillem de Niort
3a
Ramon Berenguer III ( 1131)
D 0DULD5RGHULFÀOOHGX&LG
2a = Almodis [de Melgueil]
3a = Dolça de Provença
Almondis
%HUQDW$PDWGH&ODUDPXQW
Guillem Jordà (
1109)
1117)
6DQoDGH%DUFHORQDYtGXDGH*XLOOHP5DPRQSUHSDUjO¶DQQH[LyGHOFRPWDWYHtGH&HUGDQ\DDOFDVDO
GHOVHXQHERW5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,'HVGHOGDWDGHODPRUWG¶2OLED&DEUHWD&HUGDQ\DL%HVDO~
HVVHSDUHQJRYHUQDWVSHUGRVFDVDOVFRVLQV,FXULRVDPHQWOHVGXHVGLQDVWLHVJDLUHEpJHUPDQHVV¶H[WLQJHL[HQDOPDWHL[WHPSV(OVGRVFRPWHVGH&HUGDQ\D*XLOOHP-RUGjL%HUQDW*XLOOHP¿OOVGH6DQoD
GH%DUFHORQDVRQFRVLQVJHUPDQVµµFUHXDWV¶¶pVjGLU¿OOVGHJHUPjLJHUPDQDGH5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU
,,,*XLOOHP-RUGjSDUWLFLSDDODSULPHUDFUHXDGDLWUREDODPRUWDOFRPWDWGH7UtSROL(OVHXJHUPj%HUQDW
*XLOOHPPRULQWD&HUGDQ\DHOVHQVHGHVFHQGqQFLDUHQ~QFLDDOVHXFRPWDWHQIDYRUGHOVHXFRVt
JHUPjHOFRPWHGH%DUFHORQD/¶DQ\VHJHQWO¶DULVWRFUjFLDFHUHWDQDHVUHXQHL[HQXQDDVVHPEOHDGH
SDXLWUHYDDFFHSWDQWDTXHVWDVXFFHVVLyTXHODIDYDVVDOODGH5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,
$OJXQVDQ\VPpVWDUGHO$OPRGLVXQD¿OODGH5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,HVFDVDDPE3RQVGH&HUYHUDYHVFRPWHGH%DVRGH%HVDO~HOPpVLPSRUWDQWGHOVQREOHVGHOFRPWDWEHVDOXHQF$L[zSHUPHWDO
EDUFHORQtG¶LQFRUSRUDUDTXHVWQREOHDOHVVHYHV[DU[HVGH¿GHOLWDW/¶LQWHUHVVDQWGHODKLVWzULDHVHOVHJUHVWG¶$OPRGLVSHOVHXIXWXUPDULWLHOVWUDFWHVVHJHQWVTXHKRDUUHJOHQWRWDPEXQFDVDPHQW8QGRFXPHQWSHUGXWGHOTXDOQRPpVFRQVHUYHPXQUHVXPGHOVHJOH;,9GHVFULXO¶HVGHYHQLPHQWDPESDUDXOHV
VHQVHDPELJLWDW 3RQV³UDSWjGHPDQHUDIXUWLYDLYLROHQWD¶(furtim et violenter rapuerat) la germana del
VHXVHQ\RU22(OUDSWHHUDOODYRUVXQDIRUPDG¶HVFDSDUDOVWUDFWHVRQHJRFLDFLRQVHQWUHHOVOOLQDWJHVTXH
18 SOBREQUÉS, Els grans comtes..., p. 132.
19 /DVHYDGDUUHUDPHQFLypVGHOGHQRYHPEUHGHOHQHOMXUDPHQWGH¿GHOLWDWGH%HUQDW,,GH%HVDO~D5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU
,,,SUHVHQWDQW*XLOOHP5DPRQFRPOOXUDOLDWBAIGES, FELIU, SALRACH, Els pergamins …,GRF
20 7HVWDPHQWGH*XLOOHP-RUGjGH&HUGDQ\DHQSDUWLUSHUDODFURDGD Dimitto matri mee Sancie, comitisse, ipsam villam de Hisogal:
)MIQUEL ROSELL (HG Liber feudorum maior,%DUFHORQDGRF9
21 &RPHVSRWGHGXLUGHOWHVWDPHQWGHOVHXSDUH5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,(WOD[DYLWDG¿OLDPVXDP6DQFLDPGHFHPPLOLDPDQFXVRV
LQXQRSHQVH>«@(>W@VLDPERSUHGLFWL¿OLLVXLPRULXQWXUVLQH¿OLRYHO¿OLLVGHOHJLWLPRFRLXJLRUHYHUWDWXULDPGLFWXVVXXVKRQRUDG
¿OLDPVXDP6DQFWLDP(WVLLDPGLFWD6DQFLD¿OLDVXDPRULWXUVLQHOHJLWLPLV¿OLLV>«@(WOD[DYLWSUHGLFWDP¿OLDPVXDP6DQFLDP
cum predictos decem milia mancusos, ad Gerallum Alamanni, ut ipse donet ad eam cum ipsos mancusos qualem meliorem
maritum potuerit dare. Et infra quam tenuerit eam in baiulia, retineat eam ad honorem: BAIGES, FELIU, SALRACH, Els pergamins …,
GRF;,
22 Item, in primo libro, folio CXCVII est carta qua Poncius de Cervaria, qui furtim et violenter rapuerat Raimundo comiti Barchinonse,
189
4XDGHUQVGHOHV$VVHPEOHHVG¶(VWXGLV
Q~P
p. 183-192
0$57Ë$85(//
YDQVHUWDQGHFLVLXVHQWUH%HUQDW,,,L;LPHQDRPLOORUGLWHQWUH%HUQDW,,,L5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,XQD
PDQLIHVWDFLyHVSHFWDFXODUYLROHQWDLLOāOHJtWLPDGHFRPHOVMRYHVYROLHQLPSRVDUHOOOLXUHFRQVHQWLPHQW
SHUDOVHXSURSLPDWULPRQLFRQWUDODYROXQWDWGHOVFDSVGHODQLVVDJD(UDWtSLFGHOVMRYHVHOVjuvenes
DEDQVPHQFLRQDWV TXHYROLHQVROXFLRQDUHOSUREOHPDGHODREWHQFLyGHXQSDWULPRQLDGTXLULQWSHUOD
IRUoDJXHUUHUDXQDSXELOOD(QDTXHVWFDVHOUDSWHGHODVHYD¿OOD$OPRGLV¿QDOPHQWYDDQDUPROWEpDOV
SODQVGHOFRPWHGH%DUFHORQDSHUD¿UPDUHOVHXSRGHUD%HVDO~3RWVHUHOUDSWHYDVHUXQDHVFHQL¿FDFLy
HQODTXDO5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,WDQFjFRQVFLHQWPHQWHOVXOOVSHUQRYHXUHHOTXHOLFRQYHQLD1DVFXWV
G¶DTXHVWPDWULPRQLµµOOLXUH¶¶XQ¿OOLXQD¿OOD+XJ,L$JDOEXUVDGH%DVHVFDVHQD6DUGHQ\DSUHSDUDQW
O¶H[SDQVLyGHOD&RURQDG¶$UDJyVREUHDTXHVWDLOODGRVVHJOHVGHVSUpV
CASAMENTS DE BAS I D’ARBOREA
Ponç de Cervera (1128-1155)
<=> Almodis de Barcelona
Comita II (1131)
2es
Hug I de Bas (1157-1185)
Agalbursa (1157-1186)
Barisó I (1164-1185)
jutge d'Arborea
1er <=> Pellegrina de Lacon
Sinispella de Lacon
Hug II (1185-1211)
jutge d'Arborea
<=> Preziosa de Lacon-Massa,
filla del jutge usurpador de Càller
Pere I
jutge d'Arborea
<=> Giacobina
Barisó II de Lacon (+1217)
jutge de Càller
<=> Benedetta
)217Genealogie medioevali di Sardegna, pp. 59-60.
/DLQVWDOāODFLyGHOV%DVD6DUGHQ\DPRVWUDODSROtWLFDG¶LQÀXqQFLDLG¶H[SDQVLyWHUULWRULDOFDGDYHJDGD
PpVDPELFLRVDLOOXQ\DQDGHOVFRPWHVGH%DUFHORQD/¶DQ\DODPRUWGH0DULD5RGHULFOD¿OODGHO
&LGLODPDUHGH;LPHQD5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,HVWXGLDHOVHXVHJRQPDWULPRQL(QWpQTXHOLFRQYp
UHFRPHQoDUODSROtWLFDFDSD2FFLWjQLDGHOVHXDYL5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,QWHQWDUHFXSHUDU&DUFDVVRQD
SHUGXGDSHOVHQUHQRXVGHJXWVDOIUDWULFLGLGHOVHXSDUHHO&DSG¶(VWRSHVLODUHEHOāOLyGHODSREODFLy
GH&DUFDVVRQDSURYRFDGDSHOYXLWGHSRGHUD%DUFHORQD3HULQWHUYHQLUPpVGLUHFWDPHQWD/OHQJXDGRF
5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,YLGXHVFDVDDPEXQD$OPRGLVPHQFLRQDGDHQXQDVRODFDUWD$OVHXDUWLFOHMD
PHQFLRQDW VREUH OD SROtWLFD PDWULPRQLDO G¶DTXHVW FRPWH 6]DEROFV GH 9DMD\ YD GHGXLU SHU HUURU TXH
DTXHVWDGRQDSURYHQLDGHODQLVVDJDGH0RUWDLQXQDEUDQFDGHOVGXFVGH1RUPDQGLD6HJRQVHOOVHULD
OD¿OODG¶XQDDOWUD$OPRGLVLGHOVHXPDULWHOFRPWH5REHUW,JHUPjXWHUtGH*XLOOHPHO&RQTXHULGRUUHL
G¶$QJODWHUUD6¶HTXLYRFjSHUTXqGHVFRQHL[LDODFUzQLFDGH5REHUWGH7RULJQLDEDWGHO0RQW6DLQW0LFKHOVLWXDWSUHFLVDPHQWDOFRPWDWGH0RUWDLQTXHSUHVHQWDDPEPROWDSUHFLVLyODJHQHDORJLDG¶DTXHVW
Aragonum principi, Tortosse marchioni, seniori suo, in domibus suis et palacio proprio Barchinonense, sororem suam, emendavit
et donavit eum castrum quod nominatur Castellum Fulit per alodium franchum et ibidem comes comendavit dictum castrum dicto
3RQFLRXWKDEHDWLOOXGSHUHXPDGIHYXPHWVLWLQGHHL¿GHOLVHWIDFLDWLQGHHLKRPLQLXPHWVDFUDPHQWXPHWGHWSRWHVWDWHP(WIXLW
facta carta V° idus septembris, anno Domini M° C XLVIII, regni Ludovici junioris anno XII°, et sit de ea mentio infra in vicaria
Bissuldense, in numero qua sunt castra de Castro Folito de Monte Acuto $U[LXGHOD&RURQDG¶$UDJy5HLDO3DWULPRQL%DWOOLD
IƒVHJOH;,9
190
4XDGHUQVGHOHV$VVHPEOHHVG¶(VWXGLV
Q~P
p. 183-192
(/&$6$0(17'(%(51$7,,,'(%(6$/Ò//8,7$)5$75,&,'$,$11(;,Ï7(55,725,$/(17251'(/
FDVDOLPpVFRQFUHWDPHQWOHV¿OOHVGH5REHUW,236HPEODPpVSUREDEOHTXHODVHJRQDGRQDGH5DPRQ
%HUHQJXHU,,,SURYLQJXpVGHODIDPtOLDGH0HOJXHLODSURSGH0RQWSHOOHU(OV0HOJXHLOSRVVHwHQODFHFD
PpVLPSRUWDQWGH/OHQJXDGRFLXQDLQÀXqQFLDHFRQzPLFDFDSLWDODODUHJLy(OQRPG¶$OPRGLVYDVHU
LQWURGXwWDDTXHVWDGLQDVWLDSHUODXQLyHOHQWUH3HLUHGH6XEVWDQWLRQFRPWHGH0HOJXHLOL$OPRGLVGH7RORVD¿OODGHOFRPWH3RQoGH7RORVDL$OPRGLVGHOD0DUFD3HUDFDEDUDTXHVWWHPDUHFRUGHP
TXHFDSDOO¶H[SDQVLyRFFLWDQDpVYHUGDGHUDPHQWHVVHQFLDOHQODSROtWLFDGH5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU
,,,FRPKRSURYDHOVHXWHUFHUFDVDPHQWO¶DQ\DPE'ROoDGH3URYHQoDDPEO¶DSRUWDFLyG¶DTXHVW
FRPWDWGXUDQWPpVG¶XQVHJOHDO&DVDOGH%DUFHORQD
(QFRQFOXVLyLQWHQWHPVLWXDUHOVHVGHYHQLPHQWVTXHFRPPHPRUHPDYXLHQXQFRQWH[WPpVDPSOL
/DSULPHUDFRQVWDWDFLypVTXHHQWUHLHQO¶HVSDLGHVLVDQ\VDSHQHVHOVFRPWDWVOLPtWURIHVGH
%HVDO~L&HUGDQ\DRULJLQDULVGHOPDWHL[OOLQDWJHHVWUREHQDQQH[LRQDWVD%DUFHORQD/DVHYDLQWHJUDFLy
FDSJLUDODWHQGqQFLDPpVTXHVHFXODUDODVHFHVVLyLDOUHSDUWLPHQWVXFFHVVRULGHOVSULQFLSDWVGHO¶DQWLJD
0DUFDKLVSjQLFD3HUPHWGHFRQFHQWUDUGHEHOOQRXWRWVHOVFRPWDWVGH*XLIUpHO3LOzVWUHWGHOFRPWDW
G¶8UJHOOHQOHVPDQVG¶XQVROSUtQFHSLUHFXSHUDUODXQLWDWTXHKDYLDSUHVLGLWHOVFRPWDWVSLULQHQFV¿QV
DOVDQ\VYLQWGHOVHJOH;VRWDO¶qJLGDGHOFRVLQDWJHHQDOHPDQ\ODSippe, HVWUXFWXUDGHSDUHQWLXDQWHULRU
DO¶DQ\PLOFDUDFWHULW]DGDSHOFRJRYHUQLODLQGLYLVLySDWULPRQLDO
/DVHJRQDFRQVWDWDFLySURYpGHODULTXHVDGHOFRPWHGH%DUFHORQDTXHFRQWUjULDPHQWDOVDOWUHVFRPWHVFDWDODQVSRVVHHL[ODIURQWHUD'XUDQWHOVHJOH;,YDSRGHUFREUDUOHVSjULHVSDJDGHVSHOVHPLUV
GHOHVWDLIHV&DSHODTXHVWVWULEXWVGHVDSDUHL[HQ3ULPHUKLKDHOSRGHUGHO&LGDOUHLDOPHGH
9DOqQFLDLHOFDVDPHQWDPEODVHYD¿OODPRVWUDODYROXQWDWGHSDFWDUDPEHOOSHUUHSDUWLUVHOHVSjULHV
'HVSUpVKLKDODGRPLQDFLyGHOVDOPRUjYLWVGH<XVXILEQ7DVK¿QDOD3HQtQVXODTXHDWXUDODUHFDSWDFLy
FULVWLDQDGHOVWULEXWVVREUHHOVPXVXOPDQV/¶H[SDQVLyWHUULWRULDOGHOVFDWDODQVVREUHWHUUHVDQGDOXVLQHV
FRPHQoDOODYRUVDPEODFDPSDQ\DFRQWUD0DOORUFDRQSDUWLFLSD%HUQDW*XLOOHPGH&HUGDQ\DLFRQWUD
7DUUDJRQD3HUzQRGRQDPDVVHVIUXLWV
/DWHUFHUDFRQVWDWDFLypVTXHVLO¶H[SDQVLyFDSDOVXGPXVXOPjV¶HQFDOODDOPHQ\VSURYLVLRQDOPHQW
5DPRQ%HUHQJXHU,,,SRWFRQFHQWUDUWRWVHOVVHXVHVIRUoRVFDSHOQRUGRFFLWj+RSURYHQHOVVHXVVHJRQ
LWHUFHUFDVDPHQW$OPRGLVGH0HOJXHLOLPROWPpVIUXFWXyV'ROoDGH3URYHQoD(OFRPWDWGH3URYHQoD TXH OL SURFXUHQ DTXHVWHV QRFHV VHUYHL[ SHU DUUHJODU HO SUREOHPD PROW GLItFLO GH OD VXFFHVVLy GHOV
VHJRQVRWHUFHUV¿OOV(OV¿OOVSHWLWVQRHVFRQIRUPHQDPEHOVLVWHPDGHSULPRJHQLWXUDFRPKRSURYHQ
HOVDVVDVVLQDWVGHO&DSG¶(VWRSHVLGH*XLOOHP,,GH%HVDO~3URYHQoDLHOVDOWUHVFRPWDWVG¶2FFLWjQLD
VHUYHL[HQSUHFLVDPHQWSHUDWUREDUORVXQGRPLQLLXQSUHVWLJLyVWtWROFRPWDO7DPEpDMXGHQHOVDOWUHV
¿OOVSHWLWVGHO¶DULVWRFUjFLDHOVTXHQRVRQSULPRJqQLWVGLVFULPLQDWVSHOQRXVLVWHPDGHVXFFHVVLyTXH
WUREHQWHUUHVDOORFVOOXQ\DQV(VHOIHQRPHQEHQFRQHJXWGHODµµGLjVSRUDDULVWRFUjWLFD¶¶SHUWRWDUUHX
GHO¶2FFLGHQW24/DKLVWzULDIDPLOLDUGHOVFRPWHVGH%DUFHORQDHQWRUQGHOFRQ¿UPDXQDWHQGqQFLD
FRPXQDDWRWVHOVGLULJHQWVGHODVRFLHWDWGHOVHXWHPSV
23 5REHUWXVFRPHV0RULWRQLLXWHULQXVIUDWHU:LOOHUPLUHJLVTXLUHJQXP$QJOL VXEMXJDYLWKDEXLWXQXP¿OLXP*XLOOHUPXPTXLHL
successit […] HWWUHV¿OLDVTXDUXPXQDPGX[LW$QGUHDVGH9LWUHLRDOLDP*XLGRGH/DYDOWHUFLDPFRPHV7RORVDQXV: L. DELISLE
pGChronique de Robert de Torigni, abbé du Mont-Saint-Michel, 5RXHQWS
24 5BARTLETT, The Making of Europe: Conquest, Colonization, and Cultural Change, 950-1350, Londres, 1994 [1993], p. 24-59.
191