d. Distancia La distancia euclídea entre dos puntos P (x, y) y

G
'LVWDQFLD
G 3 4 = [ − X + \ − Y /DGLVWDQFLD HXFOtGHDHQWUH GRV SXQWRV3 [ \ \ 4 X Y HV
$ YHFHVHVFRQYHQLHQWHWUDEDMDUFRQPHGLGDVPiVVLPSOHVGHGLVWDQFLDVREUHLPiJHQHV
GLJLWDOHV(QFRQFUHWRODGLVWDQFLDEORTXHGHFLXGDGHQWUH3 \ 4 VHGHILQHFRPR
G34 [±X\±Y
\ODGLVWDQFLDWDEOHURGHDMHGUH]HQWUHHOORVHV
G34 PD[[±X\±Y
6HSXHGHFRPSUREDUTXHHVWDVWUHVPHGLGDVGHG\GVRQPpWULFDVLHSDUDFDGD3
45WHQHPRV
G34≥ \ VLL
3 4
G34 G43
G35≤G34G45
(Q RWUDV SDODEUDV FDGD XQD GH HVWDV G¶V HV GHILQLGD SRVLWLYD VLPpWULFD \ VDWLVIDFH OD
GHVLJXDOGDGWULDQJXODU
1R HV GLItFLO YHU TXH ORV SXQWRV D XQD GLVWDQFLD EORTXH GH FLXGDG ≤ W GH 3
IRUPDQ XQ URPER LH XQ FXDGUDGR RULHQWDGR GLDJRQDOPHQWH FHQWUDGR HQ 3 3RU
HMHPSOR VL UHSUHVHQWDPRV ORV SXQWRV SRU VXV GLVWDQFLDV D 3 HQWRQFHV 3 VH UHSUHVHQWD
SRUXQORVSXQWRVDGLVWDQFLD≤VRQ
(QFRQFUHWRORVSXQWRVDGLVWDQFLDVRQMXVWRORVYHFLQRVGH36HSXHGHGHPRVWUDU
TXHG34HVLJXDOTXHODORQJLWXGGHOFDPLQRPiVFRUWRGHVGH3KDVWD4£1yWHVH
TXHSRGUtDKDEHUPXFKRVFDPLQRVDVt
$QiORJDPHQWH ORV SXQWRV D GLVWDQFLD WDEOHUR GH DMHGUH] ≤ W GH 3 IRUPDQ XQ
FXDGUDGRYHUWLFDOFHQWUDGRHQ3HJORVSXQWRVDGLVWDQFLD≤VRQ
DVt TXH ORV SXQWRV D GLVWDQFLD VRQ ORV YHFLQRV GH 3 (Q JHQHUDO G3 4 HV OD
ORQJLWXGGHOFDPLQRPiVFRUWRGH3D4\PXFKRVGHWDOHVFDPLQRV
/D GLVWDQFLD HQWUH XQ SXQWR 3 \ XQ FRQMXQWR 6 VH GHILQH FRPR OD PtQLPD
GLVWDQFLD HQWUH 3 \ FXDOTXLHU SXQWR GH 6 (O GLiPHWUR GH XQ FRQMXQWR HV OD PD\RU
GLVWDQFLDHQWUHGRVSXQWRVFXDOHVTXLHUDGHOFRQMXQWR