modal verbs bis - IES Gabriela Mistral

MODAL VERBS
Los usos más importantes de estos verbos son:
Permiso> can/can´t : Can I open the window? / You can leave the room.
may/may not: May I stay longer? / You may not play now.
Habilidad> can/can´t: She can swim.
could/couldn´t: My father could drive at the age of ten.
be able to : I won´t be able to go tomorrow. (Para completar los tiempos de can)
Posibilidad> can: She can come to the party.
may: We may visit our grandparents on Saturday.
might: They might not invite us to the party.
Imposibilidad> can´t: I can´t go to the party tonight. I´m not feeling well.
couldn´t: The light was too bright. I couldn´t open my eyes.
Prohibición> mustn´t: You mustn´t smoke in hospitals.
Obligación> must: You must go to school.
have to, had to, will have to, etc.: You have to drive on the right in Spain.
Ausencia de obligación> have to(negativa): You don´t have to buy anything. There´s a lot of
food in the fridge.
needn´t:You needn´t come back tomorrow.
Deducción> must:They must be happy. They´ve won the lottery.
can´t: Those can´t be my keys. I´ve got them here.
Especulación> could: This book could be Peter´s. He was reading it before.
may: She may be still asleep because the room is dark.
might: They might have broken the window while I was having a shower.
Consejo> should/ought to/had better(´d better):You should/ought to/had better do more physical exercise.
Ofrecer ayuda> will:I will carry those bags for you.
shall: Shall I open the window?
Sugerencias> could: We could have a drink in a pub.
shall: What shall we do tonight?
Atrevimiento> dare (atreverse a): Dare he tell them what he knows?
Peticiones> can: Can I have some more coffee, please?
could (polite):Could you tell me the time, please?
will: Will you lend me your pen, please?
may: May I have your opinion?
would: Would you pass me the salt, please?
Hábitos y estados en el pasado> used to: I used to eat a lot of soup when I was at school.
The weather used to be colder in the past.
would: In the summer we would go to the beach every day.
( only with movement verbs)
Necesidad> need: Need we go now?
I need to find a solution to reduce piracy.
Estar acostumbrado a> be used to +ing/sustantivo: I´m used to going to be late.
I´m used to difficulties.
Acostumbrarse a> get used to +-ing/sustantivo: I can´t get used to the rain.
I´ll get used to having lunch earlier in USA.
Críticas por algo pasado> could: You could have told us befote.
should/ought to: You should have been quiet.
Certeza o conclusion lógica acerca del pasado> must + have + past participle: Artists must
have lost a lot of Money through piracy.
Imposibilidad de que algo ocurriera en el pasado > can´t +have + past participle: They
can´t have put him in prisión, I say him the other day.
Posibilidad en el pasado> might/may/could+ have+ past participle: She might/may/could
have sent me a virus by accident.