Efecto del oxígeno ionizado en la evolución del color y la firmeza

6XPDULR
(IHFWRGHO2[tJHQRLRQL]DGRHQODHYROXFLyQGHO&RORU\OD)LUPH]DHQ7RPDWH
$*52&$5(2[tJHQRLRQL]DGR³&RQVHUYDFLyQGHOD&DOLGDG´
()(&72'(/2;Ë*(12,21,=$'2(1/$(92/8&,Ï1'(/&2/25</$),50(=$(1720$7(
'DQLHO7RUPR>'SWR7pFQLFR)RPHVD)UXLWHFK@
/RV FULWHULRV PiV LPSRUWDQWHV GH FDOLGDG GH ORV WRPDWHV VRQ OD
FRORUDFLyQURMDFDUDFWHUtVWLFDODWH[WXUDILUPH\XQEXHQVDERU(O
SDUiPHWUR IXQGDPHQWDO HQ OD FRQVHUYDFLyQ \ SRVWHULRU
FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ GHO WRPDWH HV OD WHPSHUDWXUD /D WHPSHUDWXUD
UHJXODODYHORFLGDGGHPDGXUDFLyQ/DVWHPSHUDWXUDVVXSHULRUHVD
ž&GDQOXJDUDXQH[FHVLYRDEODQGDPLHQWRGHORVIUXWRVHLQKLEHQ
ODIRUPDFLyQGHOLFRSHQRSLJPHQWRUHVSRQVDEOHGHOFRORUURMR3RU
RWUD SDUWH ORV WRPDWHV VRQ VHQVLEOHV D ORV GDxRV SRU IUtR \ QR
GHEHQDOPDFHQDUVHSRUGHEDMRGHž&
/D DSDULFLyQ GH SRGUHGXPEUHV HQ FRQGLFLRQHV QRUPDOHV GH
DOPDFHQDPLHQWRGHWRPDWHQRVXHOHVHUXQSUREOHPDJUDYHVLORV
IUXWRVHVWiQVDQRVSHURSXHGHSURGXFLUVHXQGHVDUUROORGHKRQJRV
VL H[LVWHQ KHULGDV HQ ORV IUXWRV 'HVGH KDFH XQRV DxRV KD\ XQ
LQWHUpV FUHFLHQWH SRU FRQRFHU ORV HIHFWRV EHQHILFLRVRV GH
DOPDFHQDU SURGXFWRV KRUWRIUXWtFRODV HQ DPELHQWHV HQULTXHFLGRV
FRQ R]RQR +D\ QXPHURVRV HVWXGLRV TXH GHPXHVWUDQ ORV
EHQHILFLRV GHO R]RQR HQ FRQVHUYDFLyQ GH IUXWDV \ KRUWDOL]DV WDOHV
FRPR HO FRQWURO GH SRGUHGXPEUHV R VX FDSDFLGDG GH GHVWUXLU HO
HWLOHQR GHO DPELHQWH OR TXH VXSRQH LPSRUWDQWHV EHQHILFLRV HQ OD
FRQVHUYDFLyQ\DOPDFHQDPLHQWRGHSURGXFWRVVHQVLEOHVDOHWLOHQR
(O PHFDQLVPR GH DFFLyQ GHO R[tJHQR LRQL]DGR FRQVLVWH HQ XQ
HTXLSR $JUR&DUH SRU FX\R LQWHULRU VH KDFH FLUFXODU HO DLUH GH OD
FiPDUD GH FRQVHUYDFLyQ PHGLDQWH XQD GHVFDUJD HOpFWULFD VH
LRQL]D HO R[tJHQR \ pVWH UHDFFLRQD FRQ ORV HOHPHQWRV R[LGDEOHV
FRQWHQLGRV HQ HO DPELHQWH 'H IRUPD UHVLGXDO VH JHQHUD XQD
SHTXHxD SDUWH GH R]RQR FRPR FRQVHFXHQFLD GH OD UHDFFLyQ GHO
R[tJHQRLRQL]DGRFRQHOR[tJHQR
)RPHVD)UXLWHFKKDUHDOL]DGRXQHVWXGLRFRQHOILQGHHYDOXDUHO
HIHFWRGHODDSOLFDFLyQGHR[tJHQRLRQL]DGRHQODFDOLGDGGHWRPDWH
GXUDQWH OD FRQVHUYDFLyQ D ž& \ VX SRVWHULRU FRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQ
FRQKRUDVDWHPSHUDWXUDDPELHQWH
(OHQVD\R VHOOHYyD FDERFRQWRPDWHVGHODYDULHGDG µ/RQJ/LIH
%ROXGR¶ SURFHGHQWHV GH 0XFKDPLHO $OLFDQWH FRQ XQ HVWDGR GH
PDGXUH]ILVLROyJLFDPX\YHUGH\XQFDOLEUHSHTXHxRFDUDFWHUtVWLFR
GH OD YDULHGDG /RV SDUiPHWURV HYDOXDGRV HQ HO PRPHQWR GH
FRVHFKDIXHURQ
&RORUµD¶&LH/DE)LUPH]DGHIRUP
/D IUXWD VH VHOHFFLRQy \ VHSDUy HQ GRV ORWHV KRPRJpQHRV (VWRV
ORWHVVHGLVWULEX\HURQHQHOLQWHULRUGHGRVFiPDUDVLQGHSHQGLHQWHV
• &iPDUDFRQWURO&7/
• &iPDUDFRQJHQHUDGRUGHR[tJHQRLRQL]DGR2,>$*52&$5(@
/DIUXWDIXHPDQWHQLGDHQODVFiPDUDVHQFRQGLFLRQHVLGpQWLFDV
GHWHPSHUDWXUD\KXPHGDGž&+5GXUDQWH\
GtDV SHUtRGRVWUDVORVFXDOHVVHH[WUDMHURQORVIUXWRV\VHGHMDURQ
DWHPSHUDU GXUDQWH KRUDV DQWHV GH SURFHGHU D ORV DQiOLVLV
SHUWLQHQWHV
ENTRADA
12d. 10ºC + 1d.Tºamb
CTL
OI
20d. 10ºC + 1d.Tºamb
6d. 10ºC + 1d.Tºamb
CTL
CTL
OI
OI
/D DQDOtWLFD HIHFWXDGD FRQVLVWLy HQ HO HVWXGLR GH OD HYROXFLyQ GHO
FRORU\GHODSpUGLGDGHILUPH]D
/DPHGLGDGHODHYROXFLyQGHOFRORUVHUHDOL]yFRQXQFRORUtPHWUR
SRUWiWLO³0LQROWD´DWUDYpVGHOSDUiPHWURµD¶GH&LH/DETXHPLGHOD
GLIHUHQFLDHQWUHODOX]UHIOHMDGD HQOD]RQDYHUGH\URMDGHO
HVSHFWUR (O FRORU VH HYDOXy VREUH ORV GRV ODGRV RSXHVWRV GH OD
]RQDHFXDWRULDOGHIUXWRVSRUWUDWDPLHQWR&7/\2,HYLWDQGR
FXDOTXLHU]RQDGHIHFWXRVD$GHPiVVHHYDOXDURQYLVXDOPHQWH
IUXWRVSRUWUDWDPLHQWRSDUDGHWHUPLQDUHOSRUFHQWDMHGHIUXWRVFX\R
FRORUKDEtDYLUDGRFRQUHVSHFWRDOFRORUGHHQWUDGD
/D ILUPH]D GH ORV IUXWRV IXH HYDOXDGD VREUH XQD PXHVWUD GH IUXWRV SRU WUDWDPLHQWR FRQ OD D\XGD GH XQ 7H[WXUyPHWUR ³,QVWURQ´
H[SUHViQGRVHODILUPH]DFRPRSRUFHQWDMHGHGHIRUPDFLyQGHOIUXWR
WUDVODDSOLFDFLyQGHXQDIXHU]D GH1VREUHOD]RQDHFXDWRULDO
GHOIUXWR
(ODQiOLVLVHVWDGtVWLFRGHORVGDWRVVHUHDOL]yPHGLDQWHHODQiOLVLV
GHODYDULDQ]D$129$/DVGLIHUHQFLDVPtQLPDVVHHVWDEOHFLHURQ
D SDUWLU GHO WHVW /6' GLIHUHQFLDPtQLPD VLJQLILFDWLYD FRQ QLYHO GH
FRQILDQ]DGHO
&RORU
/DFRQVHUYDFLyQFRQR[tJHQRLRQL]DGRUHWUDVyVLJQLILFDWLYDPHQWHOD
HYROXFLyQGHFRORUGHORVWRPDWHVFRQUHVSHFWRDORVIUXWRVFRQWURO
)LJXUD(OHIHFWRGHOR[tJHQRLRQL]DGRVHDSUHFLyFODUDPHQWHD
ORVGtDVGHFRQVHUYDFLyQGRQGHORVIUXWRVWUDWDGRVSUHVHQWDEDQ
a (Cielab)
)LUPH]D
XQD FRORUDFLyQ PXFKR PiV ³YHUGH´ TXH ORV IUXWRV FRQWURO
HVWDV GLIHUHQFLDV VH LQFUHPHQWDURQ OLJHUDPHQWH D ORV /D7DEODPXHVWUDODILUPH]DGHORVIUXWRVGHWRPDWHWUDWDGRV\QR
GtDV GH DOPDFHQDPLHQWR \ VH REVHUYDURQ KDVWD ORV GtDV GH
WUDWDGRVFRQR[tJHQRLRQL]DGR$XQTXHODILUPH]DGHORVIUXWRVGH
FRQVHUYDFLyQ PRPHQWR HQ HO FXDO OD FRORUDFLyQ GH ORV IUXWRV GH
DPERVWUDWDPLHQWRVVHPDQWXYRHQYDORUHVPX\VLPLODUHVGXUDQWH
DPERVWUDWDPLHQWRVWHQGLyDLJXDODUVH
WRGR HO HQVD\R VLQ PRVWUDU GLIHUHQFLDV VLJQLILFDWLYDV HQWUH
/DPDGXUDFLyQ\HOFRQVHFXHQWHFDPELRGHFRORUVHPRVWUDURQGH
WUDWDPLHQWRV HO WUDWDPLHQWR FRQ R[tJHQR LRQL]DGR VL UHGXMR
XQ PRGR PX\ KHWHURJpQHR HQ ORV IUXWRV GH DPERV WUDWDPLHQWRV
OLJHUDPHQWHODSpUGLGDGHILUPH]DFRQUHVSHFWRDOFRQWURO
GXUDQWH OD HYROXFLyQ GHO HQVD\R $ ORV GtDV GH FRQVHUYDFLyQ HO
FIRMEZA (% Deformación)
GHORVIUXWRVFRQWUROKDEtDQYLUDGRGHFRORUIUHQWHDOGH
días a 10ºC + 1d. a Tºamb.
ORV IUXWRV WUDWDGRV FRQ R[tJHQR LRQL]DGR (VWD GLIHUHQFLD VH KL]R
6 d.
12 d.
20 d.
PiVSHTXHxDDORVIUHQWHDO\DORVGtDV
CTL
3,5 a
3,9 a
5,0 b
IUHQWHD
OI
3,4 a
3,8 a
5,1 b
Tabla 1. Efecto del tratamiento con oxígeno ionizado en la firmeza de tomate cv. ‘Long life-Boludo’ durante su
CTL
O3
conservación a 10 ºC + 1 día a Tºamb. Medias con la misma letra no son significativamente diferentes al 5% (LSD test).
10,00
8,00
&RQFOXVLRQHV
/DFRQVHUYDFLyQFRQR[tJHQRLRQL]DGRUHWUDVyODHYROXFLyQGHFRORU
6,00
GHORVWRPDWHVFRQUHVSHFWRDORVIUXWRVFRQWURO\DTXHHOR[tJHQR
4,00
LRQL]DGRUHVXOWDVHUXQDKHUUDPLHQWDPX\~WLOTXHSHUPLWHDODUJDUOD
FRQVHUYDFLyQ GHO WRPDWH VLQ PHUPDV HQ VX FDOLGDG DVt FRPR
2,00
SURORQJDUWDPELpQHOSHUtRGRGHFRPHUFLDOL]DFLyQSRVWHULRU
0,00
(OWUDWDPLHQWRFRQR[tJHQRLRQL]DGRWXYRXQHIHFWRPX\SRVLWLYRHQ
-2,00
-4,00
HOUHWUDVRGHODPDGXUDFLyQ\GHOFDPELRGHFRORUGHORVWRPDWHV
6 d.
12 d.
20 d.
GXUDQWHVXFRQVHUYDFLyQDž&
días a 10ºC + 1 d. a Tºamb
Figura
Efecto del tratamiento con oxígeno ionizado en la evolución de color del tomate cv. ‘Long life-Boludo’ durante su
1.conservación
(OWUDWDPLHQWRFRQR[tJHQRLRQL]DGRUHGXMROLJHUDPHQWHODSpUGLGD
a 10 ºC + 1 día a Tºambiente. Las barras verticales representan el intervalo LSD (p=0,05).
GHILUPH]DFRQUHVSHFWRDORVIUXWRVFRQWURO
´&RQVHUYDFLyQGHOD&DOLGDGµ
9 5('8&&,Ð1 '( 32'5('80%5(6 $/ ,1$&7,9$5 +21*26 <
%$&7(5,$6 &202 &216(&8(1&,$ '( 81$ 5($&&,Ð1 '(
2;,'$&,Ð1 48( '(*5$'$ /$ 3$5(' &(/8/$5 '( e6726
)$925(&,(1'2/$6&21',&,21(6+,*,e1,&$6'(/$&É0$5$
9 5(75$62 '( /$ 62%5( 0$'85$&,Ð1 < ',60,18&,Ð1 '( /$
'(6+,'5$7$&,Ð1 $/ ,1$&7,9$5 /$6 02/e&8/$6 '( (7,/(12
0(',$17( /$ 583785$ '( 68 '2%/( (1/$&( 0$17(1,(1'2 /$
)587$)5(6&$'85$17(0É67,(032
'SWR7pFQLFR)RPHVD)UXLWHFKFKHPODE#IRPHVDFRP
$*52&$5(
2;Ì*(12,21,=$'2
www.fomesa.com