RMG Tareas para fortalecer encadenamientos.pptx

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Canales por medio de los que se producen derrames de conocimiento
Empresas
Multinacionales
Movilidad laboral
Encadenamientos verticales
• Tipo de propiedad
• Nacionalidad
• Motivos de inversión
Efectos demostración
Heterogeneidad de la IED
Empresas
Locales
• Capacidad de
absorción de
conocimientos
Proximidad espacial
Derechos de propiedad intelectual
Competencia en el país anfitrión
Factores que afectan el proceso de derrames de conocimiento
desde las EMATs
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Destino de los empleados que dejaron de
laborar para MNCs atraídas por CINDE
Exempleados de MNCs atraídas por CINDE
Hombre
Mujer
Total
Abs.
%
Abs.
%
Abs.
%
Sector productivo costarricense
11.445
43.1
6.846
33.7
18.291
39.0
Empresas extranjeras en Costa Rica
-MNCs atraídas por CINDE
-Otras MNCs en Zonas Francas
-Otras empresas extranjeras
10.437
39.4
7.016
34.5
17.453
37.2
6.265
23.7
4.097
20.1
10.362
22.1
1.918
7.2
1.475
7.2
3.393
7.2
2.254
8.5
1.444
7.1
3.698
7.9
Se salieron del mercado laboral
Total
4.628
17.5
6.492
31.9
11.120
23.7
26.510
100.0
20.354
100.0
46.864
100.0
Posibles fuentes de derrames de conocimiento
Incluyen a los (i) trabajadores que decidieron crear sus propias empresas
(spin-offs); (ii) trabajadores que se fueron al exterior a trabajar;
(iii) trabajadores que dejaron su empleo por razones personales, ejemplo
estudiar y (iv) trabajadores que decidieron acogerse a su jubilación.
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Destino de exempleados de
MNCs atraídas por CINDE
Empresas privadas
ONGs
Academia
Gobierno e Instituciones públicas
Intermediarios financieros
Organismos internacionales
Energía y telecomunicaciones
Total
Sector productivo
costarricense
Abs.
%
5.261
91,5
261
4,5
93
1,6
86
1,5
36
0,6
8
0,1
2
0,0
5.747
100
Empleados
Abs.
15.139
977
389
1.279
270
12
225
%
82,8
5,3
2,1
7,0
1,5
0,1
1,2
18.291
100
1/ The total of employees was divided by seven categories: private businesses (producers of goods and services); NGOs (trade
unions, professional associations, other associations and non-profit foundations); financial intermediaries (public and private
banks, Banco Central de Costa Rica, financial agencies and other credit institutions); energy and telecommunications (ICE,
JASEC and other electricity suppliers); government and public institutions (Congress, CCSS, ministries and other public
institutions); the academy (public and private universities, university colleges, INA, CATIE and other educational centers);
and international organizations (those that operate in Costa Rica and the embassies).
Source: Prepared by the author based on data from the CCSS.
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Tamaño de
empresa
Micro
Pequeña
Mediana
Grande
ND
Total
Empresas
Abs.
1.085
1.996
1.115
679
386
5.261
Empleados
%
20,6
37,9
21,2
12,9
7,3
100
Abs.
1.508
3.081
2.840
7.060
650
15.139
%
10,0
20,4
18,8
46,6
4,3
100
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