WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency

Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration
Last Updated: 2006-12-28
SPAIN
Urinary iodine (µg/L)
Goitre
prevalence (%)
Level
D
L
L
D
S
S
Date
2004P
2004P
2004P
2002P
2002
2001 -2002
Region and sample descriptor
Sex
Jaén province: SAC
B
Jaén province: SAC
B
Malaga: NPW
F
Malaga: PW
F
L'Hospitalet de Llobregat town: Adults/Elderly: Tot
B
Adults/Elderly females
F
Adults/Elderly males
M
PW by province: A Coruña
F
PW by province: Lugo
F
PW by province: Ourense
F
PW by province: Pontevedra
F
Galicia community: SAC: Total
B
SAC by sex
F
SAC by sex
M
SAC by age
B
SAC by age
B
SAC by age
B
SAC by area: Urban
B
SAC by area: Coastal-rural
B
SAC by area: Inner-rural
B
Valencia province: SAC: Total
B
SAC by sex
F
SAC by sex
M
SAC by age
B
SAC by age
B
SAC by age
B
SAC by age
B
SAC by comarca: Canal de Navarres
B
SAC by comarca: Costera
B
SAC by comarca: Riberna
B
SAC by comarca: Valld'Albaida
B
Valencia province: SAC: Total
B
SAC by sex
F
Age
(years)
Sample
size
Grade
1
Grade
2
Distribution (%)
TGP
<20
20-49
50-99
100-299
Notes
Prevalence (%)
>300
<100
54.7
Reference General
Median
Mean
90.0
111.9
77.5
5300
*
*
SD
Line
1
6.00 - 16.99
6.00 - 16.99
1221
1221
NS - 40.99
NS
373
152
84.2
70.2
66.7
45.1
5415
*
15.00 - 70.99
15.00 - 70.99
15.00 - 70.99
268
134
134
154.2
152.4
156
114.8
122.3
107.0
5568
*
2
NS
NS
NS
NS
100
100
100
100
92.9
58.7
101.1
112.7
3582
*
3
6.00 - 12.99
6.00 - 12.99
6.00 - 12.99
6.00 - 7.99
8.00 - 9.99
10.00 - 12.99
6.00 - 12.99
6.00 - 12.99
6.00 - 12.99
2188
966
1192
569
766
853
744
719
725
102.9
97.2
106.7
115.7
99.6
98.3
101.1
114.6
91.3
5298
6.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 7.99
8.00 - 9.99
10.00 - 11.99
12.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 14.99
900
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
928
450
155
155
155
165
155
160
135
125
180
205
150
5742
19.4
51.5
54.5
49.0
42.9
53.7
55.2
51.8
43.8
55.6
21.0
12.7
33.7
33.8
4
5
6
*
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
*
*
© WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
16
Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration
Last Updated: 2006-12-28
SPAIN
Urinary iodine (µg/L)
Goitre
prevalence (%)
Level
S
L
Date
2001 -2002
2001P
Region and sample descriptor
Sex
SAC by sex
M
SAC by age
B
SAC by age
B
SAC by age
B
SAC by age
B
SAC by comarca: Canal Navarres
B
SAC by comarca: Costera
B
SAC by comarca: Ribera
B
SAC by comarca: Vall d'Albadia
B
Olvera Health district: SAC
B
Olvera Health district: SAC
Age
(years)
Sample
size
6.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 7.99
8.00 - 9.99
10.00 - 11.99
12.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 14.99
478
227
264
281
156
97
269
195
417
B
6.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 14.99
92
92
Grade
1
Grade
2
Distribution (%)
TGP
<20
20-49
50-99
100-299
Notes
Prevalence (%)
>300
<100
Median
Mean
SD
33.7
31.3
38.6
31.3
33.3
36.1
30.1
43.4
32.1
4.3
Line
5742
11.9
25.0
Reference General
16.3
28.2
137.8
3606
*
*
29.3
L
2001
Mataro town: Pre-SAC
B
4.00 - 4.99
860
7.8
189.0
214.1
103.3
5299
*
17
S
2000
Asturias community: SAC: Total
B
18
M
B
SAC by location: Coastal
B
SAC by location: Western
B
SAC by location: Eastern
B
95.0
96.0
94.0
93.0
129.0
84.0
90.0
*
SAC by location: Central
147
141
153
152
143
135
142
5297a
SAC by sex
Asturias community: SAC: Total
B
1125
554
581
714
95
130
186
1397
NS
NS
753
249
195
200
130.0
F
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
25.9
SAC by sex
8.2
10.1
6.3
8.5
6.4
8.2
9.0
NS
NS
756
756
37.0
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
907
86
91
48
86
D
D
1997
1995
SAC by sex
F
SAC by sex
M
SAC by location: Central
B
SAC by location: Coastal
B
SAC by location: Western
B
SAC by location: Eastern
B
Axarquia zone: SAC
B
Axarquia zone: SAC
B
Pontevedra province: SAC: Total
B
SAC by location: Arousa
B
SAC by location: Baixo Mino Occ
B
SAC by location: Baizo Mino Or
B
SAC by location: O Salnes
B
23.4
30.5
30.0
30.5
19
20
21
22
*
48.5
120.0
121.5
115.7
98.3
110.1
161.3
97.7
146.4
120
172.2
175.5
116.6
90.0
5448
*
*
2091
*
© WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration
Last Updated: 2006-12-28
SPAIN
Urinary iodine (µg/L)
Goitre
prevalence (%)
Level
Date
D
1995
L
D
S
1995P
1994 -1995
1992 -1993
Region and sample descriptor
Sex
SAC by location: Pontevedra
B
SAC by location: Tabeiros-Deza
B
SAC by location: Terra De Montes
B
SAC by location: Vigo
B
Pontevedra province: SAC: Total
B
SAC by location: Arousa
B
SAC by location: Baixo Mino Occ
B
SAC by location: Baizo Mino Or
B
SAC by location: O Salnes
B
SAC by location: Pontevedra
B
SAC by location: Tabeiros-Deza
B
SAC by location: Terra De Montes
B
SAC by location: Vigo
B
Asturias community: SAC
B
Asturias community: SAC
B
6 counties: All: Total
B
All by county: Alt Urgell
B
All by counties: Alta Ribagorça and Pallars Jussa
B
All by county: Pallars Sobira
B
All by county: Vall d'Aran
B
All by county: Segria
B
6 counties: All: Total
B
All by county: Alt Urgell
B
All by counties: Alta Ribagorça and Pallars Jussa
B
All by county: Pallars Sobira
B
All by county: Vall d'Aran
B
All by county: Segria
B
Asturias community: SAC: Total
B
SAC by location: Central
B
SAC by location: Coastal
B
SAC by location: Western
B
SAC by location: Eastern
B
Asturias community: SAC: Total
B
SAC by location: Central
B
SAC by location: Coastal
B
Age
(years)
Sample
size
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
200
105
58
237
907
86
91
48
86
200
105
58
237
6.00 - 14.99
6.00 - 14.99
317
317
6.00 - NS
6.00 - NS
6.00 - NS
6.00 - NS
6.00 - NS
6.00 - NS
6.00 - NS
6.00 - NS
6.00 - NS
6.00 - NS
6.00 - NS
6.00 - NS
171
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
558
NS
NS
NS
NS
NS
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
1825
1271
204
166
184
1873
1286
215
Grade
1
Grade
2
Distribution (%)
TGP
<20
20-49
50-99
100-299
Notes
Prevalence (%)
>300
<100
Median
Mean
124.0
97.4
101.3
117.9
158.8
119.1
120.2
149.6
SD
Reference General
2091
3.9
3.5
4.4
8.3
3.5
2.0
5.7
5.2
3.8
15.7
0.6
*
2922
*
*
23
2921
*
24
16.4
120
107.7
100.3
119.3
115.5
214.9
68.0
18.3
17.8
19.2
20.0
21.1
15.0
*
37.0
29.0
55.0
58.0
49.0
19.0
12.7
27.4
Line
140
151
121
111
115
98.0
101.0
84.0
103.0
98.0
5297b
*
25
26
27
28
29
*
© WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
Vitamin and Mineral Nutrition Information System (VMNIS)
WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
The database on iodine deficiency includes data by country on goitre prevalence and/or urinary iodine concentration
Last Updated: 2006-12-28
SPAIN
Urinary iodine (µg/L)
Goitre
prevalence (%)
Level
S
D
R
S
Date
1992 -1993
1990
1988 -1989
Region and sample descriptor
Sex
SAC by location: Western
B
SAC by location: Eastern
B
Cerdanya county: All
B
Cerdanya county: All
B
All by sex
F
All by sex
M
Murcia community: SAC
B
Murcia community: SAC
B
Age
(years)
Sample
size
Grade
1
Grade
2
Distribution (%)
TGP
6.00 - 15.99
6.00 - 15.99
174
198
44.9
30.9
6.00 - NS
6.00 - NS
6.00 - NS
6.00 - NS
120
492
263
229
28.7
35.3
21.0
4.00 - 17.99
4.00 - 17.99
1956
1956
<20
20-49
50-99
100-299
Notes
Prevalence (%)
>300
<100
Median
3.3
29.0
SD
Reference General
Line
5297b
165.0
25.7
Mean
175.6
77
2923
*
*
93.92
56.83
2919
*
*
© WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
NOTES
SPAIN
Reference no
5300
General Notes:
Sample comprised of SAC from 14 randomly selected villages in the province of Jaén, community of Andalusia; same survey reported in references No. 3580 and 5484.
Line note 1
Reference no
UI <50 µg/L: 26.2%
5415
General Notes:
Facility based study (2 clinics, El Palo and La Palmilla, Malaga); PW 1. trimester and a control group of NPW from Pizzara, Malaga.
Reference no
5568
General Notes:
Sample comprised of subjects selected from the town census (1996) in the town of L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database.
Line note 2
Mean age (SD): 41.06 (15.73) years.
Reference no
3582
General Notes:
Sample comprised of randomly selected women from 4 provinces (A Coruna, Pontevedra, Ourense and Lugo) in the community of Galicia.
Line note 3
Line note 4
UI <150 µg/L: 72.5%
UI <150 µg/L: 87.4%
Line note 5
UI <150 µg/L: 65.9%
Line note 6
UI <150 µg/L: 61.5%
Reference no
5298
General Notes:
Multi-stage cluster sampling with probability proportionate to the number of students in rolled in the schools, stratified by 3 strata: urban, inner-rural and coastal-rural in the community of
Galicia.
UI <50 µgL: 19.2%
Line note 7
Line note 8
UI <50 µg/L: 17.4%
Line note 9
UI <50 µg/L: 21.5%
Line note 10
UI <50 µg/L: 13.5%
Line note 11
UI <50 µg/L: 20.8%
Line note 12
UI <50 µgL: 21.7%
Line note 13
UI <50 µg/L: 18.3%
Line note 14
UI <50 µg/L: 15.7%
Line note 15
UI <50 µg/L: 22.9%
Reference no
5742
General Notes:
Two-stage cluster sampling with probability proportionate to size - 20 clusters (schools); goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database.
Line note 16
UI median range: 20-610 µg/L
Reference no
3606
General Notes:
Sample comprised of SAC from the Olvera Health district (municipalities of Olvera, Algodonales, El Gastor, Zahara, Torre-Alhaquime and La Muela included), province of Cadiz.
© WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
Reference no
5299
General Notes:
Sample comprised of pre-SAC from schools in the town of Mataro, Barcelona.
Line note 17
Reference no
UI <25 µg/L: 0.4%, UI <50 µg/L: 1.2%, UI <75 µg/L: 3.7%
5297a
General Notes:
Sample comprised of randomly selected SAC; sample stratified by 4 strata (central, coastal, western and eastern) in the community of Asturias; summary of the survey reported in
reference No. 3581.
Line note 18
UI <25 µg/L: 0.7%, UI <50 µg/L: 5.5%
Line note 19
Line note 20
UI <25 µg/L: 0.6%, UI <50 µg/L: 4.2%
UI <25 µg/L: 1.1%, UI <50 µg/L: 7.4%
Line note 21
UI <25 µg/L: 1.5%, UI <50 µg/L: 7.5%
Line note 22
UI <25 µg/L: 0.5%, UI <50 µg/L: 8.4%
Reference no
5448
General Notes:
Sample randomly selected from the zone of Axarquia, province of Malaga; goitre investigated by ultrasonography, values not included in the database.
Reference no
2091
General Notes:
Sample comprised of randomly selected SAC from the province of Pontevedra.
Reference no
2922
General Notes:
Sample comprised randomly selected SAC from Asturias community; south western zone (municipalities included: Cangas del Narcea, Tineo, Pola de Allande, Ibias and Degana); UI
expressed in µg/g creatinine, values reported in the respective line note.
UI mean (SD): 106.8 (41.6) µg/g Cr
2921
Line note 23
Reference no
General Notes:
Line note 24
Two-stage stratified cluster survey; subjects selected from the counties (comarcas) of Alt Urgell, Alta Ribagorça, Pallars Jussa, Pallars Sobira, Vall d'Aran, Pyrinean region and Segria,
municipality of Padron; same survey reported in reference No. 3607.
UI <50 µg/L: 11.1%
Reference no
5297b
General Notes:
Sample comprised of randomly selected SAC; sample stratified by 4 strata (central, coastal, western and eastern) in the community of Asturias; summary of the survey reported in
reference No. 3581.
UI <25 µg/L: 4.2%, UI <50 µg/L: 10.3%
UI <25 µg/L: 3.5%, UI <50 µg/L: 7.4%
Line note 25
Line note 26
Line note 27
UI <25 µg/L: 2.5%, UI <50 µg/L: 10.8%
Line note 28
UI <25 µg/L: 10.8%, UI <50 µg/L: 25.9%
Line note 29
UI <25 µg/L: 4.3%, UI <50 µg/L: 15.7%
Reference no
2923
General Notes:
Sample randomly selected from the county of Cerdanya, Girona province.
Reference no
2919
General Notes:
Sample comprised SAC from the community of Murcia.
© WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
REFERENCES
SPAIN
Reference 2091
Garcia-Mayor RV, Rios M, Fluiters E, Mendez LF, Garcia-Mayor EG, Andrade A. Effect of iodine supplementation on a pediatric population with mild iodine deficiency.
9 :1089-1093.
Thyroid, 1999,
Reference 2919
Serrano Corredor S, Tebar Masso J, Hernandez Martinez A, Valdes Chavarri M, Alvarez Cantalapiedra I. Transtornos derivados de la deficiencia de yodo en la Comunidad Autónoma
de la región de Murcia [Disorders secondary to iodine deficiency in the autonomous community of the Murcia area]. Revista Clínica Española, 1993, 193 :55-59.
Reference 2921
Serna Arnaiz MC, Serra i Majem L, Gasco Eguiluz E, Munoz Marquez J, Ribas L, Escobar del Rey F. Situación actual de la endémia de bocio y del consumo de yodo en la población
del Pirineo y del Pirineo y de la comarca del Segrià de Lleida [Current situation of goiter endemic and iodine intake in the population of the Pyrenees and the Segria region of Lleida].
Atención Primaria, 1998, 22 :642-648.
Reference 2922
Enguix A, Riano I, Larrubia O, Gomez de la Torre R, Rey C, Otero J, Pinto I. Efectividad de la yodoprofilaxis en la prevención del bocio endémico en el área suroccidental de Asturias
[The efficacy of iodine prophylaxis in the prevention of endemic goiter in the southwestern area of Asturias]. Anales de Medicina Interna, 1995, 12 :182-186.
Reference 2923
Vila Ballester LL, Subirats Bayego E, Vila Subirana T, Margalef Mir N, Vallescar R, de Leiva A. Estudio de bocio endémico una población de los Pirineos (Cerdanya-Girona) [An
endemic goiter study of a population in the Pyrenees (Cerdanya-Girona)]. Anales de Medicina Interna, 1999, 16 :338-344.
Reference 3582
Grupo para el estudio de la yodo deficiencia de la Sociedad Gallega de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Deficiencia de yodo en gestantes de la comunidad Gallega.
Nutrición, 2001, 48 (Suppl 2):84.
Reference 3606
Madueno Car AJ, Cabezas Saura PB, Diaz Orta J, Benitez Rodriguez E, Ruiz Galdon M, Gomez A. Prevalencia de bocio y deficiencia de yodo en población escolar de una zona básica
de salud tradicionalmente endémica [Prevalence of goitre and iodine deficiency in a school population from a traditionally endemic health area]. Atención Primaria, 2001, 27 :258-262.
Reference 5297
Delgado E, Diaz-Cadórniga, Tarton T, Bobis ML, Valdés MM, Méndez YA. Erradicación de los trastornos por deficienca de yodo en Asturias (España): 18 años de yodoprofilaxis con sal
[Eradication of iodine deficiency disorders in Asturias (Spain): 18 years of iodined salt prophylaxis]. Endocrinología y Nutrición, 2004, 51 :492-496.
Reference 5298
Santiago MI, Fernández S, Ríos M, Fluiters E, Hervada X, Iglesias YT. Excreción urinaria de yodo en escolares de Galicia [Urinary iodine excretion among school children in Galacia
(Spain)]. Endocrinología y Nutrición, 2005, 52 :498-505.
Reference 5299
Serra-Prat M, Diaz E, Verde Y, Gost J, Serra E, Puig Domingo M. Prevalencia del déficit de yodo y factores asocidos en escolares de 4 años [Prevalence of iodine deficiency and
related factors in 4 year-old schoolchildren]. Medicina Clinica, 2003, 120 :246-249.
Reference 5300
Santiago-Fernandez P, Torres-Barahona R, Muela-Martinez JA, Rojo-Martinez G, Garcia-Fuentes E, Garriga MJ, Leon AG, Soriguer F. Intelligence quotient and iodine intake: a crosssectional study in children. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2004, 89 :3851-3857.
Reference 5415
Domínguez I, Reviriego S, Rojo-Martínez G, Valdés MJ, Carrasco R, Coronas I, López-Ojeda J, Pacheco M, Garriga MJ, García-Fuentes E, González Romero S, C-Soriguer Escofet
FJ. Déficit de yodo y función tiroidea en una población de mujeres embarazadas sanas [Iodine deficiency and thyroid function in healthy pregnant women]. Medicina Clinica, 2004,
122 :449-453.
Reference 5448
Gómez Huelga R, Millón MC, Soriguer F, Mancha I, Garriga MJ, Munoz R, González Romero S, García Almeida JM, Rojo Martínez G, García Fuentes E, Goiburu ME. Comparación de
diferentes criterios de diagnóstico poblacional de la deficiencia de yodo (DDY). Prevalencia de bocio endémico en la Axarquía (Málaga). Endocrinología y Nutrición, 2000, 47 :260266.
Endocrinología y
© WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
REFERENCES
SPAIN
Reference 5568
Maravall FJ, Gomez-Arnaiz N, Guma A, Abos R, Soler J, Gomez JM. Reference values of thyroid volume in a healthy, non-iodine-deficient Spanish population.
Metabolic Research, 2004, 36 :645-649.
Hormone and
Reference 5742
Peris Roig B, Atienzar Herraez N, Merchante Alfaro AA, Calvo Rigual F, Tenias Burillo JM, Selfa Moreno S, Lopez Garcia MJ. Bocio endémico y déficit de yodo: ¿sigue siendo una
realidad en España? [Endemic goiter and iodine deficiency: Are they still a reality in Spain?]. Annales de Pédiatrie, 2006, 65 :234-240.
© WHO Global Database on Iodine Deficiency
ADDITIONAL REFERENCES
SPAIN
Reference 522
Serra-Majem LL, Canela-Soler J, Salleras-Sanmarti L, Lloveras-Valles G, Oriol-Bosch A. Epidemiology of goiter in Catalonia. In: Hall R et al., eds. Thyroid Disorders
Associated with Iodine Deficiency and Excess. Serono Symposia Publication Vol. 22. New York, Raven Press, 1985 :31-35.
Reference 523
Escobar del Rey F, Gomez-Pan A, Obregon MJ, Mallol J, Arnao MD, Aranda A, Morreale de Escobar G. A survey of schoolchildren from a severe endemic goitre area in
Spain. Quarterly Journal of Medicine, 1981, 50 :233-246.
Reference 548
Escobar del Ray F. Goiter and iodine deficiency in Spain.
Reference 551
Sanchez Franco F, Cacicedo L, Morreale de Escobar G, Escobar del Rey F. Nutrition and iodine versus genetic factors in endemic goiter.
Investigation, 1983, 6 :185-188.
Reference 741
Del Rey FE, De Escobar GM. Iodine deficiency in Spain: update of a widespread and persisting problem. In: Delange F et al., eds. Iodine deficiency in Europe. A
continuing concern. New York, Plenum Press, 1993 :395-401.
Reference 1255
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