Search methods pdf, 53kb

SEARCH METHODOLOGY
Six different methods were used to search for the court cases. The following describes in
detail the methodology for each of these different search methods.
1. Internet-based search
A general internet Boolean search was carried out on keywords with variances in the
keywords that were linked together.
• Google searches
Terms : Court ruling medicine
right to health medicine
court case medicine human right
2. NGOs
An email survey was sent to a group of the most prominent NGOs working on the right to
medicines that were noted from the internet search. The email requested assistance in finding
information on cases. Out of the ten NGOs contacted only one replied:
Lawyers Collective HIV/AIDS Unit – Delhi
[email protected] / [email protected]
Cases Found:
Pending: 1)
Cancer Patients Aid Association( CPAA) & Anr v/s Union of India,(writ
Petition No.340/04).Pending in Supreme Court of India.
Pending: 2)
Delhi Network of Positive Peoples v/s Union of India, (Civil Petition
No.3529/03) Pending in Delhi High Court.
Pending: 3)
Sankalp Rehabilitation Trust & Anr v/s Union of India, (Writ Petition
No.512/99) Pending in Supreme Court of India.
Ind-2
4)
Subodh Sarma & Anr v/s State of Assam & Ors(Civil Rule No.3984/96)
Decreed in the year 2000 by Gauhati High Court
The other NGOs contacted were:
Treatment Action Campaign (South Africa)
[email protected]
Global Lawyers and Physicians
[email protected]
Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network
[email protected]
HealthRights Connection
[email protected]
[email protected]
International Society for Health and Human Rights
[email protected]
The Johannes Wier Foundation
[email protected]
MSF Mexico
[email protected]
Asian Legal Resource Centre
[email protected]
People's Health Coalition for Equitable Community
[email protected]
3. Legal databases
The following legal databases were accessed and consulted: LexisNexis, Natlex, Ohada,
Portal Droit Francophonie, CSA Illumina, Electronic Information System for International
Law, Westlaw database, Eurolex, Legal Information Institute.
•
LexisNexis
• Natlex
http://www.ilo.org/dyn/natlex/natlex_browse.home
The database of national labour, social security and related human rights legislation
maintained by the ILO's International Labour Standards Department.
• no relevant search results of case law
Other on-line legal databases:
http://www.ohada.com/jurisp.php
http://portail.droit.francophonie.org/
http://www.jutalaw.co.za/
• Legal database : CSA Illumina
Advanced search
107 results found for: (medicine or medication) and (right or (right to health ... in National
Criminal Justice Reference
search result: American focus with no legal cases on access to medicines
• Electronic Information System for International Law
http://www.eisil.org/
• Droit Francophone
http://portail.droit.francophonie.org/index.epl
no relevant results
Westlaw database
http://www.westlaw.ch/f/index.htm
• no results
Eurolex
http://europa.eu.int/eur-lex/lex/en/legis/index.htm
• no results
Legal Information Institute
http://www.law.cornell.edu/
• search with key terms no relevant results
4. Other databases
Other databases were also consulted: The Economic, Social and Cultural Rights database on
the internet ESCR-NET where several cases were found, the Asian Legal Resource Centre
database, the All Africa database. The European Court of Human Rights database (HUDOC)
was consulted with the search terms. The search yielded 89 results out of which no relevant
documents were located. The International Commission of Jurists web-site database was
searched yielding no relevant results. The Inter-American Court of Human Rights was
searched.
ESCR-NET
http://www.escr-net.org/EngGeneral/Case_law.asp
This is a database of legal jurisprudence on economic, social and cultural rights. The database
provides a summary of each case, including a description of the case's circumstances and
legal questions raised, as well as links or downloadable documents of decisions, pleadings
and secondary literature, when available.
Cases found:
ARG-1
Viceconte, Mariela c. Estado Nacional -Ministerio de Salud y Ministerio de Economía de la
Nación- s. Acción de Amparo, Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación - Argentina
ARG-3
Campodónico de Beviacqua, Ana Carina c/Ministerio de Salud y Acción Social -Secretaría de
Programas de Salud y Banco de Drogas Neoplásicas- s. Recurso de Hecho.
COS-1
Costa Rica - Mrs Sidonia Vargas vs Hospital San Juan de Dios
Cámara Nacional de Apelaciones en lo Contencioso- Administrativo Federal
SAL-1
El Salvador - Mr Jorge Odir Miranda Cortez vs la Directora del Instituto Salvadoreño del
Seguro Social
• Springer Link database (Kluwer database)
Search terms
Articles found:
(saved as Tveiten.pdf)
Margit Tveiten, “The Right to Health Secured HIV/AIDS Medicine – Socio-Economic Rights
in South Africa,” Nordic Journal of International Law, Vol. 72: No. 1, February 2003, pp. 4171.
•
Asian legal resource centre database
http://www.alrc.net/doc/mainfile.php/hrcl/
All Africa.com
http://fr.allafrica.com/health/
• no relevant search results
European Court of Human Rights
HUDOC database
http://cmiskp.echr.coe.int/tkp197/search.asp?skin=hudoc-en
89 documents found all checked – no relevant documents
International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)
• yielded no results
Inter-American Court of Human Rights
• searched Annual Reports and cases
• yielded no relevant results
• Medicine and Law Journal
http://waml.haifa.ac.il/index/publications/index.html
full search carried out by browsing all the issues
no relevant results
5. UN Human Rights Regional Offices
The reports from the UN Human Rights regional offices were searched yielding no relevant
results.
The UN Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) quarterly reports by
region were searched.
• yielded no results
6. Individual Country searches
The final aspect of the search methodology yielded the best results: the individual country
searches. All the signatories of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights were checked according to their classification of income status using the World Bank
classification system. All the low and middle income countries were then searched
individually. The World Legal Information Institute was used to locate each country’s on-line
national jurisprudence database. A further specific search was carried out on the internet on
the countries that did not have any on-line national jurisprudence database focusing on the
country name and the search terms. The last search method systematically and thoroughly
considered each country.
•
Used the list of signatories to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and
Cultural Rights:
http://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/ratification/3.htm
• Checked classification of income status of country from World Bank list:
http://www.worldbank.org/data/countryclass/classgroups.htm
• Searched for national court sites from:
World Legal Information Institute
http://www.worldlii.org/
• Searched on-line national jurisprudence databases with key terms
• In addition, conducted specific individual country google searches with country name
and search terms
Afghanistan
Albania
Algeria
Angola
Bangladesh
• no jurisprudence on-line
Argentina (upper middle-income economy)
http://www.csjn.gov.ar/
http://www.scba.gov.ar/
119 documents from jurisprudence search
http://www.csjn.gov.ar/jurisp/principal.htm
Cases found:
ARG-2: Asociación Benghalensis y otros c/ Ministerio de Salud y Acción
ARG-3:Campodónico de Beviacqua, Ana Carina c/ Ministerio de Salud y Acción Social.
Secretaría de Programas de Salud y Banco de Drogas Neoplásicas
ARG-4: Vazquez Manuel Luis and Others V. Euromedica Health company
ARG-5: VEF V. National Ministry of Health and Social Action
ARG-6: F.J E. Estado National and Others
ARG-7: Orlando, Susana Beatriz c/ Buenos Aires, Provincia de y otros s/ amparo. O. 59.
XXXVIII. 04/04/2002
ARG-8: Benítez, Victoria Lidia y otro c/ Buenos Aires, Provincia de y otros s/ acción de
amparo.
ARG-1-NEG : Multiple Sclerosis Association V. Ministry of Health
Armenia
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Armenia
http://www.concourt.am/
• no relevant cases found
Azerbaijan
• Constitutional court of Azerbaijan
http://www.constitutional-court-az.org/
• no relevant cases found
Barbados
• Barbados Supreme Court
http://www.barbados.gov.bb/attorneygeneral/Supreme.asp
• no relevant cases found
Belarus
Constitutional Court of the Republic of Belarus
http://ncpi.gov.by/ConstSud/eng/
• no relevant cases found
Benin
Cour d’appel
http://portail.droit.francophonie.org/doc/html/bj/jug/ca/fr/
Cour suprême
http://portail.droit.francophonie.org/doc/html/bj/jug/cs/fr/
• no relevant cases found
Bolivia
http://suprema.poderjudicial.gov.bo/
Cases found:
Bol-1: N.N. vs la Corporación del Seguro Social Militar (COSSMIL)
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Constitutional Court
http://www.ccbh.ba/?lang=en&page=board/news
• no search engine, listed judgments for each year that will need to be sorted manually
Brazil
http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/2175.html
http://www.stf.gov.br/jurisprudencia/pesquisa/
Cases found
Br-1: Vladmir Costa Goulart V. City of Porto Allegro and State of Rio
Br-2:Francisco Roberto De Souza V. Secretary of Health of the State of Minas Gerais, 14
September 2004.
Br-3:Luciano Fiahlo de Pino and others V. Secretary of Health of the State of Minas Gerais
Br-4: Marilia Monzillo de Almeida Azavedo and others V. State of Rio De Janeiro, 3 August
2004
Br-5: Valmir Peixoto Costa V. State of Minas Gerais, 10 August 2004
Bulgaria
http://www.worldlii.org/catalog/3065.html
• no search engine, listed judgments for each year that will need to be sorted manually
Burkina Faso
http://www.juriburkina.org/doc/html/bf/jug/cc/fr/
• no relevant cases found
Burundi
Cambodia
Cameroon
Cape Verde
• no court cases on-line
Central African Republic
http://portail.droit.francophonie.org/doc/html/cf/jug/cs/fr/
• no relevant cases found
Chad
http://www.coursupreme.td
• no court cases on-line
Chile
Corte Suprema
http://www.poderjudicial.cl/0.8/tribunales/trib100.php?cod_tribunal=6050000
• no search facility on-line
http://www.tribunalconstitucional.cl/
* manual listing of cases by year – no search facility
China
•
official web-sites in Chinese
Colombia
http://www.ramajudicial.gov.co
consulta jurisprudencia
http://www.ramajudicial.gov.co/csj_portal/jsp/frames/index.jsp?idsitio=6&ruta=../jurispruden
cia/consulta.jsp
“derecho a la salud” Y “medicina” (yielded 205 results) 30 of which related directly to right
to medicines cases
Cases found
Col-1: Mr Alonso Muñoz Ceballos vs Instituto de Seguros Sociales (ISS)
Col-2: Mr Diego Serna Gómez vs Hospital Universitario del Valle
Col-3: Mr Miguel Angel Ibarguen Rivas vs Instituto de Seguros Sociales (ISS)
Col-4: Mr. X vs Instituto de Seguros Sociales (ISS)
Col-5: Mr X vs Secretaríia de Salud Pública Municipal de Cali
Col-6: Mrs Diana María Pinilla Sandoval vs Salud Colpatria EPS
Col-7: Graciela of Carmen Rodriguez Acosta in representation of her daughter Paola
Echavarria Rodriguez V. The Institute of Social Insurance (Barranquilla).
Col-8: Guillermo Oritz Bazurto V. Western Service of Health (Servicio Occidental de Salud
S.A.) Supreme Court of Justice Room of Penal Abrogation, February 1997
Col-9: CABC V. Institute of Social Insurances, Cali Section. Reference: File N° 4016, 22
April 1997.
Col-10: Jorge Hernan Osorio Guevara representing his daughter Sandra Milena Osorio V.
SaludCoop EPS, 10 December 1997
Col-11: Samuel Gomez Lamb V. ISS, 12 March 1998
Col-12: Silverio Cortes Romero V. Penitentiary and Prison National Institute, "INPEC". 27
August 1998.
Col-13: Luisa Fernanda Montoya Millán V. Institute of Social Insurances I.S.S, 25 February
1999.
Col-14: Aid to Lauer Abuchaibe V. ISS, 11 June 1998
Col-15: Rosa Vega V. ISS, 2 March 2000
Col-16: Floralba Parrado de Leon contra la EPS "UNIMEC" (9 August 2000)
Col-17: José David León Duarte V. Compensar EPS, 2 November 2000
Col-18: Gladys Pinto Bonilla V Copesalud Ltda., Empresa Solidaria de Salud A.R.S. (23
March 2000)
Col-19: Nancy of the Pillar Monsalve Florez V. EPS COOMEVA 1 February 2001
Col-20: Maria Consolation Carvajal Carvajal V. ISS-Seccional Medellín Ponente, 12
February 2001
Col-21: Francisco Emilio Vélez Gil V. E.P.S. Seguro Social Seccional Antioquia (27 August
2001)
Col-22: Carlos Hernando Mancera V. Simón Hospital Bolivar, 25 October 2001
Col-23: Diana María Pinilla Sandoval V. Salud Colpatria EPS, 8 March 2002
Col-24: Georgina Carreño de Cabarique V Institute of Social Security, Santander Section, 2
May 2002
Col-25: Ofelia Pinzón de Pretel V. Institute of Social Security, 17 March 2003
Col-26: Aleida Vargas Lamus contra el Seguro Social E.P.S. - Seccional Santander, 29
October 2003
Col-27: Ana Julia Rodríguez Beltrán V. ARS Cafam y el Hospital Rafael Uribe Uribe, 18
September 2003
Col-28: Julián Angel Salazar Giraldo representing his brother Martín Emilio Salazar Giraldo
V. Department of Health, Secretariat of Tolima, 4 December 2003
Col-1-Neg: Carlos Usma Lemus, Edgar Castle Cifuentes and Mayan Polished Ramiro V.
Secretariat Distrital de Salud of Bogota and the Simón Hospital Bolivar, 25 October 2001
Col-2-Neg: TERESA DEL NIÑO JESÚS RESTREPO contra Susalud E.P.S. Seccional
Medellín, 10 March 2003
Congo
•
no court cases on-line
Costa Rica
http://www.poder-judicial.go.cr/
• Derecho a la salud – 50 results 9 of which are relevant
Cases found:
Cos-1: Mrs Sidonia Vargas vs Hospital San Juan de Dios
Cos-2: Mr William García Álvarez vs Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social
Cos-3: Ms Vera Salazar Navarro vs Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social
Cos-4: Ombudsman for Mrs Ledi Orellana Martínez vs Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social
(CCSS)
Cos-5: Marko Mileta V. Costa Rican Box of Social Insurance (Case No. 14000)
Cos-6: Manuel Trejos Vargas V. Costa Rican Box of Social Insurance, Constitutional Room
of the Supreme Court of Justice, San Jose (Case No. 11843) 26/10/2004
Cos-7: Marco Castillo Rojas, Antonio Matomoros Sanchez, Manuel Francisco Garita Vargas
V. Executive President of Costa Rican Social Security, 26 September 1997.
Cos-1-Neg: Walter Schmidt Barrios V Clinic of the Centre of Institutional Attention The
Reformation, Case Number: 10680, 29 September 2004. Constitutional Room of the Supreme
Court of Justice, San Jose.
Cos-2-Neg: Maria Teresa Sanchez Valencia in favour of Herminio Lopey Carvajal V.
Executive President and the Head of the Department of Pharmacopoeia of the Costa Rican
Box of Social Insurance , Case number: 09435, 27 August 2004 (Constitutional Room of the
Supreme Court of Justice, San Jose)
Côte d'Ivoire
• no court cases on-line
Croatia
Constitutional court of Croatia
http://www.usud.hr/usud/prakswen.nsf/Pojmovi/C1256A25004A262AC1256CB400351CDB
?OpenDocument
• most documents in Croatian - no English translation
• no relevant results in English documents
Cyprus
http://www.cylaw.org/
• unable to search as site is only in Greek
Democratic Republic of Korea
• no court cases on-line
Democratic Republic of the Congo
The DR Congo civil judiciary, including lower courts, appellate courts, the Supreme Court,
and the Court of State Security, is largely dysfunctional; military tribunals organized since
August 1997 have tried nearly all recent cases and have sentenced civilians as well as military
personnel to death after summary trials. (source: http://jurist.law.pitt.edu/world/congo.htm)
Djibouti
• no court cases on-line
Dominican Republic
• no court cases on-line
Ecuador
http://www.dlh.lahora.com.ec/paginas/judicial/paginas/Gacetajudicial.html
• no search engine for court cases
Internet search
Case found:
Ec-1: Edgar Mauricio Carpió Castro, Joffre Manuel Mendoza Intriago, Maximum Darío
Abarca Runruil and Jorge Antonio Navarrete, against the Minister of Public Health and of
the Director of the National Program of the HIV/AIDS
El Salvador
http://www.jurisprudencia.gob.sv
• no results from carrying out an extensive search of the database
Internet search
Case found:
Sal-1-Neg: Marina Ester Sánchez vrs. Ministry of Public Health and Social Assistance, case
no: 45-2003 (14 September 2004).
Equitorial Guinea
• no court cases on-line
Eritrea
•
no court cases on-line
Ethiopia
http://www.etcourts.gov.et/
• unable to search as all judgments are in Amharic
Federated States of Micronesia
Internet search
Case found:
Fsm-1-Neg: Amor v. Pohnpei , 3 FSM Intrm. 519 (Pon.1988)
Gabon
http://www.cour-constitutionnelle.gouv.ga/
• no results from searching the database
Ghana
•
the only court cases on-line are cases on Ghanaian land law
Grenada
Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court
http://www.ecsupremecourts.org.lc/
• no relevant results from searching above database
Guatemala
http://www.cc.gob.gt/
• no relevant results from searching above database
Guinea
•
no court cases on-line
Guyana
• no court cases on-line
India
http://supremecourtofindia.nic.in/
Supreme Court of India
Cases found:
Ind-1: LX v Union of India & Ors, WP (Civil) 7330/2000 (HC).
Ind-1-Neg: Vincent Panikurlangara v. Union of India and Others, 1987 SCC 990
Jamaica
Supreme court of Jamaica
http://www.sc.gov.jm
• no relevant results from searching above database
Jordan
•
no court cases on-line
Kazakhstan
• Supreme court on-line English version of web-site does not have any cases on-line
Kenya
•
no court cases on-line
Kyrgyzstan
http://www.eurasianet.org/
• no court cases on-line
Laos
•
no court cases on-line
Lesotho
• no court cases on-line
Liberia
•
•
dysfunctional judicial system
no court cases on-line
Madagascar
• no searchable database of court cases on-line
Malawi
Civil judgments on-line
http://www.judiciary.mw/civil/index.htm
• no relevant results from searching above database
Mali
http://portail.droit.francophonie.org/
• no relevant results from searching above database
Mongolia
• no court cases on-line
Morocco
• no court cases on-line
Namibia
• no court cases on-line
Nepal
http://www.supremecourt.gov.np/index.html
• no court cases on-line
Nicaragua
http://www.csj.gob.ni/bijun/opac_csj/BD_Djuri.htm
• this web-site was not functioning over the period of the search strategy
Niger
http://portail.droit.francophonie.org/
and
http://dsm.delgi.ne/courconst/
• no relevant results from searching above databases
Nigeria
http://www.nigeria-law.org/LawReporting.htm
• no relevant results from searching above database
internet search:
Case found:
Case: Ahamefule v Imperial Medical Center & Another (Suit ID #1627/2000), Notice of
Appeal, Court of Appeal (Lagos), 16 February 2001 (on file); Communication from F Mroka,
Solicitor, Social and Economic Rights Action Center (SERAC), 21 February 2001 and 30
July 2001.
Pakistan
http://www.scp.com.pk/ (Supreme Court of Pakistan)
• no relevant results from searching above database
Panama
http://www.organojudicial.gob.pa/#
Cases found:
Pan-1-Neg: Fundacion Pro Bienestar Y Dignidad de las Personas Afectadas Por el VIH/SIDA
(PROBIDSIDA) V. Director of the Social Insurance Box, 31 December 1998, Panama
Supreme Court of Justice
Pan-2-Neg: Mr Jorge Moran V. Social Insurance Box, 24 June 1999
Paraguay
• no court cases on-line
Peru
http://www.jurisprudenciacivil.com/
• no relevant results from searching above database
Philippines
http://www.supremecourt.gov.ph/ (Supreme Court)
• no relevant results from searching above database
Moldova
• no court cases on-line
Romania
http://www.ccr.ro/default.aspx?lang=EN
• no court cases on-line
Rwanda
• no court cases on-line
Sao Tome and Principe
• no court cases on-line
Senegal
http://portail.droit.francophonie.org/doc/html/sn/jug/cc/fr/
• no relevant results from searching above database
Serbia and Montenegro
• no court cases on-line
Sierra Leone
http://www.statehouse-sl.org/judiciary.html
• no court cases on-line
Solomon Islands
• Court of Appeal of Solomon Islands
• High Court of Solomon Islands
• no relevant results from searching above database
Somalia
• judicial system in disarray
• no court cases on-line
South Africa
Constitutional Court of South Africa
http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/site/home.htm
words or phrase "right to health" search found 6 titles.
Cases found
SA-1
Amicus Curiae Applications, In re: Minister of Health and Others v Treatment Action
Campaign and Others
CCT8/02B
http://www.constitutionalcourt.org.za/uhtbin/cgisirsi/XWF8iUoMPp/143050016/9#top
document saved as SA1.doc
found: Minister of Health and Others v Treatment Action Campaign and Others (No 1)
and (No2)
http://www.communitylawcentre.org.za/ser/esr_previous.php
ESR review
SA-1NEG
B and Others v The Minister of Correctional Services and Others 1997 (6) BCLR 789 (C) –
South Africa
Cape High Court Judgments
http://law.sun.ac.za/cgi-bin/list.php
• found new clicks judgment
http://www.caselaw.co.za/search.asp
• searched on this site above
Case found already in report
• SA-1: Treatment Action Campaign & others v Minister of Health & others (2001)
High Court, Transvaal Provincial Division, CN 21182/2001
• Legal Brief Africa search
http://www.legalbrief.co.za/
Cases found:
SA-2-NEG
Case No: 4128/2004, New Clicks South Africa (Pty) Ltd Vs Dr Manto Tshabalala Msimang
NO (First) and Professor D McIntyre NO (Second)
Case No: 4329/2004, Pharmaceutical Society of SA and six others
Vs Minister of Health (First) and the Chairperson of the Pricing Committee (Second)
Judgment Delivered: 27 August 2004
Sudan
http://www.sudanjudiciary.org
• no court cases on-line
Sri Lanka
• supreme court and high court searches
• no relevant results from searching above database
Swaziland
• no court cases on-line
Syria
•
no court cases on-line
Thailand
• no court cases on-line
http://www.concourt.or.th/eng/decision/
Togo
http://portail.droit.francophonie.org/
• no relevant results from searching above database
Tunisia
•
no court cases on-line
Turkeministan
• no court cases on-line
Uganda
http://www.judicature.go.ug/
• no relevant results from searching above site
Ukraine
• Constitutional Court web-site in Ukranian
http://www.ccu.gov.ua/pls/wccu/P000?lang=0
• site not in English
Tanzania
• no court cases on-line
Uzbekistan
• no court cases on-line
Venezuela
http://www.tsj.gov.ve/
Cases found:
Ven-1: Mr. J.R.B. et al. vs Ministerio de la Defensa
Ven-2: Mr N.A., Y.F. et al. vs Ministerio de Sanidad y Asistencia Social
Ven-3: Cruz del Valle Bermúdez et al. vs Ministerio de Salud y Acción Social
Ven-4: Mrs Glenda López et al. vs Instituto Venezolano de Seguros Sociales
Ven-5: Díaz, Genara del Carmen y otros V Instituto Venezolano de los Seguros Sociales
(Expte. Nº 97-19294), fallo del 27 de agosto de 1997, dictado por Corte Primera de lo
Contencioso Administrativo
Ven-6: Citizen’s Action Against AIDS V. Ministry of Health and Social Assistance, 5 April
1999.
Viet Nam
• no court cases on-line
Yemen
•
no court cases on-line
Zambia
http://www.zamlii.ac.zm/
• no relevant results from searching above site
Zimbabwe
• no court cases on-line